2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读理解之细节理解直接理解题

2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读理解之细节理解直接理解题A（2021·吉林长春外国语学校高一期中）Supposeyouwanttogoabroadandlearnabouttheforeignexchangeincultureindifferentcountries.Hereissomeinformationyoumayneed.Name:SusanLaneAge:22Place:Reykjavik,Iceland,1994.Cost:$7,000Organization:AFSExperience:Ithinkitwasaturningpointinmylife.Ibegantounderstandmoreaboutmyownculturebyexperiencinganothercultureandseeinghowotherpeoplelive.”Name:SaraSmallAge:23Place:Crivitz,Germany,1996.Cost:$8,000Organization:EFFoundationExperience:“IlovethetravelingandImadealotoffriends.IfoundtheEuropeanschoolsystemtobehardbutIamfluentnowinGermansoitisworthit.IdidmissmyfamilyandfriendsinAustraliabutIwouldlovetodoitagain.”Name:DavidLinksAge:16Place:Stuttgart,Germany,1996.Cost:$4,500Organization:SouthernCrossCulturalExchangeExperience:“Iwantedtotrysomethingthatwasverydifferentinculture.InGermanyeverythingwasdifferentbutIsoongotsettled.ThefamilyIwaswithwasgreatandIreallyfeelasthoughIhaveasecondfamily.”Name:TomJenningsAge:21Place:Conflans,France,1995.Cost:$7,000Organization:SouthernCrossCulturalExchangeExperience:“ThereweretimeswhenitwasdifficultbutIlikedit,experiencingadifferentculture.”Youjusthavetoadapttoeachsituationasitcomes.Ifthereisonethingyoulearnwhenyouareonastudent-exchangeprogramitishowtotakecareofyourself.”Name:LindaMarksAge:19Place:ChonburiProvince,Thailand,1994.Cost:$3,500Organization:RotaryInternationalExperience:“Therearelotsofupsanddowns,butyoualwayscomebackformore.Ihadafewproblemsbuttherewasalwayssomeonetoturntoandthatwasgreat.”1．Accordingtotheinformation,takingpartinaforeignexchangeprogramcancost________.A．from$4,500to$8,000 B．from$3,500to$8,000C．anythingfrom$3,500 D．nomorethan$7,0002．Thestudentswhorefertoboththegoodandbadtimesasanexchangestudentinclude________.A．SusanLaneandSaraSmallB．LindaMarksandDavidLinksC．TomJenningsandLindaMarksD．SusanLaneandTomJennings3．Ifastudentwantedtotakepartinaforeignexchangeprogram,buthadnotenoughmoney,thenthebestplacewouldbe________.A．IcelandandAmerica B．ThailandandFranceC．GermanyandIceland D．GermanyandThailandB（2021·北京市第四十四中学高三）Regardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddespitethestartreatmenttheyreceive,manycelebritiesmakeitapointtogivebacktocharities.Somehaveevensetuptheirownprivatefoundations.Theirwidelypublicisedvisitstotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawarenessofissuessuchasfamineandpoverty.AccordingtoJaneCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnototherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.Butinspiteofthesesuccessesthereisevidencetosuggestthatcelebrityendorsement(代言)maybeoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementwouldencouragepeopletodonate,researchersfoundthattheimpactwasnotasgreataspreviouslythought.Whenshownalistofwell-knownorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchthecelebritywiththecause.What’smore,threequartersclaimedthattheydidn’trespondtocelebrityendorsementinanyway.Thesurveyalsoshowedthatafewnamesdidstandoutasbeingassociatedwithparticularcharities.Butthepresenceofacelebrityinacampaign,wasnotasignificantfactorwhenitcametoadecisiontodonatetimeormoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.Inanotherstudyaimedatyoungpeople,mostparticipantscitedacompelling(无法抗拒的)missionastheirmainmotivationtogive.Thesecondmostimportantincentivewasifafriendorpeerrecommendedsupportingaparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthereisageneralfatigue(疲倦)withcelebrityculture.Thereisalsoasuspicionthatthestarsaretheonewhobenefitmostwhentheyoffertodocharitywork.Somecriticshaveaccusedthatcelebritiesmightactuallytakeattentionawayfromissuesbyattractingmoreattentionthanthecausestheyrepresent.Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeopportunitiesformoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloprelationshipswithcelebritiestomaximisetheirpotential.Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraphIprobablymean?A．Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.5．Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplecontributetocharitiesbecause________.A．theygainbenefitfromthecharitiesB．theyareforcedtofinishanecessarytaskC．theybelieveinthefamouspeopletheylikeD．theyareinspiredbythepeoplearoundthem6．Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout________.A．whatcelebritiesachieveindoingcharitiesB．HowyoungpeoplereacttocelebritycultureC．whyyoungpeoplearehardlyinfluencedbycelebritiesD．whoistoblamefortakingattentionawayfromcharities7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscelebritydoingcharities?A．Objective. B．Positive.C．Negative. D．Unclear.C（2021·江苏高一期中）I’mMay.highschoolseniorsallaroundtheU.S.scramble(争抢)togetreadyforprom.Prom.shortforpromenade,isaformaldanceheldbyahighschoolbeforegraduation.It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.Promentails(牵涉)countlesstraditions.Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪华轿车)todinnerandtothedance.Severalreportsstatethatparentscanspendupwardof$2,000togivetheirkidstheperfectpromexperience.Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.Later,highschoolstookoverthepromtradition.Inthe1950s,highschoolsbeganmovingthedancefromtheirgymstobeautifulhotelsorcountryclubstomaketheeventevenmorespecial.Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.8．Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplainaboutprom?A．Itsunusualatmosphere.B．Itspresentandfuture.C．Itseducationalbenefits.D．Itscustomsandroots.9．Accordingtothisarticle,whatdotheparticipantsinprommainlypayattentionto?A．Theirappearance.B．Theirpossessions.C．Theirtransportation.D．Theirsupervisors.10．Whatwerepeoplesupposedtolearnfrompromatonetime?A．Whatmarketingplantouse.B．Howtobehavearoundothers.C．Whichfoodwasbesttoeat.D．Whentoearnagreatdegree.11．Accordingtothisarticle,wherewasaspecialeventheldmorethanfourdecadesago?A．Inanofficialresidence.B．Inaninternationalcourt.C．Inamotionpicturestudio.D．Inamoderngallery.D（2021·北京昌平·）FutureCityCompetitionFutureCitystartswithaquestion—howcanwemaketheworldabetterplace?Toanswerit,10th,11th,and12thgradestudentsimagine,research,design,andbuildcitiesofthefuturethatshowcasetheirsolutiontoacitywidesustainabilityissue.PasttopicsincludeUrbanAgriculture,Publicspaces,andGreenenergywhilethetopicofthisyearisLivingontheMoon.TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.Participantscompletefivedeliverables:a1,500-wordcityessay:ascalemodel;aprojectplan;apresentationvideo;andavirtual/onlineQ&Asessionwith/judges.RegionalwinnersrepresenttheirregionattheinternationalFinals.AftercompletingFutureCity,studentparticipantsarenotonlypreparedtobecitizensoftoday’scomplexandtechnicalworld,butalsoreadytobecomethedriversoftomorrow.WhatyoucanlearnThisflexible,cross-curricular(跨课程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.StudentsparticipatinginFutureCityalsolearnhowtheircommunitiesworkandbecomebettercitizensanddevelopstrongtimemanagementandprojectmanagementskills.WhatyouneedFutureCitycostsjust$25perorganization—andyoucanregisterIteamor100.Thepricealwaysstaysthesame.Wekeepthepriceaffordablesoeveryonecanparticipate.Notonlythat,welimitthebudgetformaterialsfortheCityModelandCityPresentationto$100andencourageteamstouserecycledmaterials.Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttoexcel.Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.Pleasenote:SomeregionslimitthenumberofteamsanorganizationcanbringtotheRegionalCompetition.PleasecheckwithyourRegionalCoordinatortofindouttheguidelinesinyourregion.12．InFutureCityCompetition2021,studentsneedto________.A．completemorethanfivetaskesB．designacitywithgreenenergyC．addressproblemsonthemoonD．makeuseoflunarresources13．WhatliesatthecoreofFutureCityCompetition?A．Designingcities.B．Identifyingproblems.C．TrainingbettercitizensD．Engineeringdesignprocess14．Ifyouwanttosucceedinthecompetition,youneed________.A．tobecreativeanddevoted.B．tousetherecycledmaterials.C．tobuysomeexpensiveequipment.D．toaskmorepeopletojoininyourteam.E（2021·福建南平·高三）Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafallorotherhealth-threateningincidentscanchangeeverythingrapidly.Thewearable“panicbuttons”introducedinthelate1980swereagreatadvance.Buttheyonlyworkifpeopleactuallywearthemandcanreachthebuttoninanemergency.Todaytherearepassivewearablesthatautomaticallydetectfalls,andcamera-basedsystemstomonitoreldersafety.Comingfroma40-yearcareerinthesemiconductorandwirelesscommunicationfield,RafiZackdecidedtofindabetteralternative.“Peoplearen’tdevotedtowearingsmalldevices24/7,andcamera-basedsystemsareaninvasion（侵犯）ofprivacy,”hepointsout,“Themostchallengingaspectisafall.Howfastwecandetectafallmattersbecausethemedicalsituationworsensquickly.Sometimespeoplestayonthefloorforalongtime.Wehavetofindouthowtosolvethatproblem.”Zackisaco-founder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO(ElderlyCareHomeObserver),acloud-connectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.Becauseradarseesthroughwalls,oneECHOunitfixedontheceilingorwallcanmonitoroneperson(ortwopersons,inafutureversion)inastandard-sizedapartmentinaseniorlivingfacility.Thedevicedetectsfalls,breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtubandotherdangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealthworseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoringandanalyzingtheperson’slocation,posture（姿势）,motionandbreath.EchoCaretestedthedeviceintheUnitedStates,Japan,AustraliaandIsrael.ECHOwascertified（认证）in2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationintheworld.“Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadlyaccidentshappenannually.”saidSMKDirectorandExecutiveVicePresidentTetsuoHara.“Bathroommakers,homesecurityserviceprovidersandnursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare’ssolution.”Zacknoted,“Asmoreandmoreelderpeoplelivealoneasaresultofsocialdistancing,thereisanincreasedneedtomonitorthemwithouttheburdenofwearablesorprivacy-invadingcameras.”15．What’stheadvantageofECHOover“panicbuttons”?A．Ithascamera-basedsystems. B．Ithasbeenwidelyaccepted.C．Itcanfunctionwithoutcameras. D．Itsbuttonscanbeeasilyreached.16．WhatcanweknowaboutECHOfromparagraph5?A．Itisdesignedtosendoutwarningsregularly.B．Itmonitorsdangeroushealth-relatedevents.C．Itwascertifiedinmanydevelopedcountries.D．Itdetectsmorethanonepersonatthesametime.17．WhatcanweinferaboutthefutureofECHO?A．It’llbecomemorepopularwiththeelderly.B．It’llstop17,000deathshappeningannually.C．It’llbeusedinnursinghomesandhospitals.D．It’llhelpelderlypeopletoliveanactivelife.18．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AnAdvancedMedicalInstrumentB．AHigh-techMonitorfortheElderlyC．TheInventionofaHealthcareDeviceD．TheImprovementofaMedicalFacilityF（2021·江苏盐城·高三）DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,Juliabeganhersecondyearasafirstgradeteacherinanonlineclassroom.OneSeptemberafternoon,shereceivedacallfromandCynthia,whowashavingtechnicaldifficultieswithhergranddaughter'stoolsforonlinelearning.JuliaimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrongwithCynthia.Thetwowomenhadspokenmanytimesbefore,butJuliahadneverheardshesoundedlikethis.HerwordsweresojumbledthatJuliacouldbarelyunderstandher.Juliacalledherheadmaster,Charlie,whoconvincedherthathewouldcallandcheckonCynthiahimself.JustlikeJulia,CharliecouldbarelyunderstandCynthia.Hesuspectedshemightbehavingastroke(中风)—herecognizedthesignsfromwhenhisownfatherhadsufferedone.CharlieimmediatelybecameconcernedthatCynthia'stwograndchildren,agessixandeight,wereprobablyhomealonewithherandscared.Charlieaskedhisofficemanagertosendanambulancetothegrandmother'shome.ThequickresponsefromJuliaandCharliesavedCynthia'slife.Shearrivedatthehospitalintimetogettreatmentbeforelong-termdamageoccurred.Thankstoanextendedstayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostofthemovementthroughoutherbodyexceptforonehandandaregionofhermouth.“I'mproudofthepeopleIworkwith,thattheyrespondedsoquicklyandthatitdidmakeadifferencetoCynthia,”saysJulia.“Iamsopleasedtobepartofsuchacaringcommunity.”Buttheschool'scrisisresponseisonlyonepieceofthecommunity'sextraordinaryeffortstohelpCynthiaandhergranddaughters.Anotherfamilywithyoungchildrentookinthetwogirls.Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butit'sfairtosaythatithashelpedthecommunitygrowcloser.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneededextrahelp.Inthiscase,theexchangewasliterallylife-altering.19．CynthiacalledJuliainorderto.A．complainaboutthepoorcontentsofonlinelearningB．consultabouthergranddaughter'sacademicperformanceC．seeksomehelpforlackofcertaintechnicalknowledgeD．volunteerherservicesasateacherinanonlineclassroom20．Theunderlinedword“jumbled”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A．briefB．unclearC．gentleD．impolite21．HowdidCharliedecidethatCynthiamighthavesufferedastroke?A．Byrecallinghisownprevioussufferingsfromthedisease.B．Byusinghisprofessionalknowledgetoformthejudgment.C．BycombiningJulia'scallwiththegranddaughters'description.D．Byidentifyingthesymptomsthatastrokepatientmayhave.22．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvirtualleaning?A．Ithascausedmuchinconveniencetoparents.B．Itwillbringaboutunavoidableleakofprivacy.C．Ithasprovidedmorebenefitsthanchallenges.D．Itneedstechnicalguidancetobehighlyeffective.G（2021·大名县第一中学高二开学考试）TheuseofAI(artificialintelligence)isbecomingmorecommoninmanybranchesofindustryandonlineshopping.Traditionallinesofwork,suchasgoodstransportanddriving,aredevelopinginasimilardirectionalthoughmainlyoutofpublicview.ScientistsattheUniversityofGöttingenhavenowinvestigatedhowefficient(高效的)theuseofAIcanbeinthecommercialmanagementoftrucks.“Digitalapplications—aswellasmachineleaning,akindofAI—areincreasinglyappliedtooperationsandcoursesinthetransportarea,”explainsProfessorMatthiasKlumppfromtheFacultyofEconomics.“Thequestioninthecommercialarea,however,iswhetherornotthiscontributestoachievinggoals.”Toanswerthisquestion,theresearcherscomparedtheworkefficiencyoftruckdriverswiththeirmainuseofAIapplications.Lookingattradedeliverybytruck,theystudiedthreegroups:thefirstdrovecompletelyfollowinghumandecision-makingmodels;thesecondusedacombinationofhumanandmachine;andthethirddependedcompletelyonfullyautomateddecisions.Theresearchersfoundthatanintelligentcombinationofhumanworkanddecision-makingabilitieswithAIapplicationspromisesthehighesttransportanddrivingefficiency.“Onaverage,thesecondgroupachievedthemostefficienttransporttrips,withthefewestinterventions(干预)andoff-coursefromthebestpath.”oneresearchersaid,“Clearly,neitheracompletelyhumandecision-makingstructurenorafullyautomateddrivingsystemcanpromisetomeetcurrentgoodstransportrequirements.”ThescientiststhereforesummarizedthatdespitetheprogressofAIinthefieldoftransportationbytruck,humanexperienceanddecision-makingabilitieswillstillbenecessaryinthelongerterm.However,thechallengeisthatawiderangeoftrainingandqualification(资格)needswillcomealongbyworkingwithAlapplications,especiallyforsimplegoodstransportactivities.23．WhatdoesMatthiasKlumppfocuson?A．TheefficiencyofAI.B．TheadvantagesofAI.C．TheproblemscausedbyAI.D．ThewideapplicationsofAI.24．Howdidtheresearchersgetthefinding?A．Byprovidingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byusingdifferenttrucks.D．Bylistingthreeexperiments.25．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Alisbetteratmakingdecisions.B．AbalanceisneededbetweenhumanandAI.C．HumanwillsoonbereplacedbyAIindriving.D．Alapplicationsmeetthecurrentrequirements.26．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Thefutureoftransport.B．Artificialintelligenceasaco-driver.C．Artificialintelligence-abetterchoiceindriving.D．Thestrengthsofartificialintelligenceintransport.H（2021·福建宁德·）Justasahungrybraincraves(渴望)food,alonelybraincravespeople.Anewbrainstudydemonstratesthis.Afterbeingleftalone,itshowspeople'sbrainswouldbeactivatedatthesightofotherpeople.Theactionwasinthesamebrainregionthatspeedsupwhenahungrypersonseesfood.LiviaTomova,aneuroscientist,whostudieshowthebrainproducesmentalactivities,andhercolleaguesbeganthisstudy.Theyrecruited(招募)40people.Ononeday,theparticipantshadtofast—noteatanythingatall—for10hours.Onanotherday,thesamepeoplewereplacedinaroomfor10hours.Theycouldn'tseeanyone.Nofriends,nofamilyandnosocialmedia.Theyweren'tevenallowedtochecktheiremail.Afterbothdays,TomovaandhercolleaguesputthepeopleinaMRImachine.Itshowsactivityinthebrainbytrackinghowmuchbloodisflowingtoeachregion.Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.Themidbrainplaysanimportantpartinpeople'smotivationtoseekfoodorfriends.Infact,itrespondstofoodandsocialsignalsevenwhenpeoplearen'thungryorlonely.Buthungerandlonelinessincreasedthereactionsandmadepeople'sresponsesspecifictothethingtheyweremissing.Andthemorehungerorisolationthevolunteerssaidtheywereexperiencing,thestrongertheactivityinthispartofthebrain.TomovaandhercolleaguespublishedtheirresultsNovember23inNatureNeuroscience.27．HowdoesTomovatestouttheresultofthestudy?A．Bystimulatingdesire. B．Bycontrollingbloodflow.C．Bymonitoringbrainactivity. D．Byexaminingmentalactivities.28．Whatdoweknowaboutmidbrain?A．Itconsistsoftwoareas. B．Ithelpsmotivatedesireforfood.C．Itstopsworkingwhenpeoplearefull. D．Itdecreasesresponsestolostfriends.29．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea. B．Asocialactivity. C．Avolunteer. D．Ahamburger.30．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Dopamine—aSureSignofAge B．Midbrain—aNestfortheThoughtsC．HungerMakesMentalHealthStruggle D．LonelinessMakesOurBrainsNeedPeople参考答案A篇：BCD【大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过图表介绍了四个交换生的交换地点以及其相关的信息对比。1．细节理解题。根据上文几个表格中的花费大意可知，参加一个对外交流项目的费用在3500美元到8000美元之间。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据文中最后两张表格中的“ThereweretimeswhenitwasdifficultbutIlikedit,experiencingadifferentculture.(有时会遇到困难，但我喜欢，体验不同的文化)”和“Therearelotsofupsanddowns,butyoualwayscomebackformore.Ihadafewproblemsbuttherewasalwayssomeonetoturntoandthatwasgreat.(有很多的起起落落，但你总是会回来要更多。我有一些问题，但总有人可以求助，这很好)”可知，TomJennings和LindaMarks都认为作为交换生，既有过好时光、也有过坏时光。故选C。3．细节理解题。如果一个学生没有足够的钱，可以去价格最便宜的地方。根据文中表格中的花费大意可知，最便宜的两个国家是Germany和Thailand。故选D。B篇：ADCA【大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要大意了名人做慈善的利与弊。4．词句猜测题。第一段划线词所在句“Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.(她指出，名人近年来在筹集资金方面发挥了重要作用，他们的精力产生了切实的成果，比如让贫困国家的数百万儿童上学)”中的“suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。A.Definite.确切的；B.Complicated.复杂的；C.Limited.有限的；D.Temporary.暂时的。所以A选项和划线词词义最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故选A项。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.(相反，大多数人捐款是因为他们生活和家庭中的私人关系，这使得慈善对他们很重要)”可知，大多数人向慈善机构捐款是因为他们受到周围人的鼓舞。故选D项。6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.(只有2%的受访者说他们受到名人代言的激励。这似乎与一般的假设相矛盾，即青少年特别容易受到名人的影响)”可知，与一般的假设相反的是，青年人几乎不会受到名人的影响，余下内容“Onepossibleexplanationisthat…Thereisalsoasuspicionthat…Somecriticshaveaccusedthat…”则主要讲述了原因，所以第三段主要讲述青少年几乎不受名人影响的原因。故选C项。7．推理判断题。文章前面主要讲述了名人做慈善带来的切实的成果以及被夸大的现象，最后一段“Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?...Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.(因此，考虑到所有这些问题，慈善机构是否应该重新考虑他们的竞选策略，寻找其他途径来接触新的受众？……这反过来又会促进更多的参与和更有针对性的运动——这只会让真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和动物)”提出慈善机构应该多方考虑，最终目的是使得真正需要的人或动物受益。所以作者是以客观的态度来大意名人做慈善这件事。A.Objective.客观的；B.Positive.积极的；C.Negative.消极的；D.Unclear.不清楚的。故选A项。C篇：DABA【大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述毕业舞会的文化和起源。8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.”（这是美国学校文化的一个重要方面，因为这是高年级学生最后一次参加高中舞会。）第二段“Promentails(牵涉)countlesstraditions.”（舞会需要无数的传统。）和第三段“Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.”（毕业舞会的历史可以追溯到19世纪后半叶。）可知这篇文章主要讲述了舞会的文化和起源，故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪华轿车)todinnerandtothedance.”（首先，男生必须邀请女生和他一起去毕业舞会。大多数男生会选择做一些特别的舞会求婚，希望用他们的创造力赢得女孩的心。然后他会租一件燕尾服，女孩会经常让专业人员做头发、指甲和化妆。那天晚上，情侣们会拍照，然后他们通常会乘坐豪华轿车去吃饭和参加舞会。）可知，参加舞会的人员都很注重外表，故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.”（当时，美国的大学和学院每年都为他们的毕业生组织舞会。其目的不仅是为了使学生快乐，而且通过教导他们正确的礼仪，使他们为更广阔的世界做准备。）可知当时的毕业生舞会为不仅是为了使学生快乐，还要教导他们正确的礼仪，也就是如何在他人面前表现，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.”（最令人惊叹的毕业舞会可能发生在1975年，当时美国总统的女儿苏珊·福特(SusanFord)获准在白宫举办她的高中毕业舞会。到目前为止，还没有其他毕业舞会能超越这一水平。）根据常识可知白宫是美国政府所在地，所以40多年前曾在官方府邸举行了一场特别的舞会，故选A。D篇：DDA【大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“未来城市竞赛”这一活动的相关内容和参加这一项目需要注意的事项。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.（团队将设计一个未来的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球资源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在2021年未来城市竞赛中，学生需要利用到月球资源。故选D项。13．细节理解题。根据Whatyoucanlearn部分的“Thisflexible,cross-curricular(跨课程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.（这种灵活的、跨课程的教育计划让学生有机会做工程师所做的事情——发现问题：头脑风暴；设计解决方案；测试、再测试和构建；并分享他们的成果。以这为中心，未来城市是培