高中英语北师大版选择性必修一UNIT 3 培优提能限时练(四)

培优提能限时练(四)(限时：60分钟满分：75分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，满分20分)AWhenJohnwasgrowingup，otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden，carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood，hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction，abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall，hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetenceandcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety，”saidGeorgeVaillant，thepsychologistwhomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves，othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant，theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs，housework，effortinschool，andabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople，fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility，independence，confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinningsofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid，“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove，toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子并结合一个研究说明童年时期劳动的孩子长大后会更快乐、更成功。1．WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A．Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.B．Hehadafewchildhoodplaymates.C．Hereceivedalittlelovefromhisfamily.D．Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段最后三句“Hehadmorejobsatisfaction，abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall，hewashappier.Farhappier.”可知选A。2．Vaillant’swordsinparagraph2serveas.A．ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetenceB．adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesC．anexampleforparents’expectationsoftheirchildrenD．anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen答案D解析推理判断题。由第二段第三、四句可知，孩子们通过工作获得能力并感受到社会价值，因而对自我满意，也获得了他人对自己的满意，因而Vaillant的话是对为何孩子成长为快乐的人的解释。3．Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby.A．evaluatingthemen’smentalhealthB．recordingtheboys’effortsinschoolC．comparingdifferentsetsofscoresD．measuringthemen’sproblem-solvingability答案C解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“UnderVaillant，theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.”可知选C。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Competentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B．Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C．Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D．Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，孩提时代的劳动能够培养一个人多方面的能力，这些能力正是情感健康的基础，同时也能帮助他们过上更快乐的生活。由此可推断出情感健康对享受精彩的成年生活十分重要。故选B。BOnegroupofresearchersfoundthata14-minutevideoofnegativeTVnewscanrapidlyincreaseanxietyandsadness.What’sparticularlynoteworthyisthatbeyondcausinganxietyandsadness，participantsofthestudywhosawnegativenewsexpressedgreateranxietyrelatedtotheirownpersonalissues.Sodepressingandfear-causingnewscanmakepeoplefeelsadderandmoreanxious，which，inturn，canmagnifytheirownproblems.Howabout“positive”newsorstories?Thefewstudiesthatexistsuggestthatinspiring，positivemediasourceshavetheoppositeeffectsofnegativemedia.TheseresearchersfoundthatviewingashortvideoofayoungmanwhoestablishedahomelessshelterinPhiladelphiawasspecificallyabletoinducegratitudeandlove.Anothergroupofscientistsshowedsomevolunteersavideoinwhichamusicianpaystribute(高度赞扬)tohisformermusicteacherforsavinghimfromalifeofviolence.Seeingthatvideosignificantlyincreasedthewillingnessoftheparticipantstovolunteer.Allofthisresearchledmetoinventingthephrase:“Justasyouarewhatyoueat，youarewhatyousee.”Infact，Ionlyrecentlylearnedthattheword“diet”doesnotjustrefertowhatfoodweeat—itcomesfromtheGreekmeaningfor“wayoflife”orhowoneliveshisorherlife.Withthatbroadeneddefinition，theword“diet”hasagreater，moreall-encompassingmeaninginrelationtothethingsthatweabsorb—food，stories，images，sounds(music)—andhowtheyimpactus.Thisdoesnotmeanwehavetoignorenegativenews.Thereareimportantthingsthatwecanlearn，whichcanhelpusunderstandwhatotherpeoplearegoingthroughandhowwecanhelptofixtheirproblems.Thisalljustmeansthatweneedabalancedvisualdiet—onethatnourishesthesoulandmotivatesustotakeactionandmakethingsbetter.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者陈述了“负面新闻”和“积极新闻”对人的影响。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnify”meaninparagraph1?A．Replace. B．Cause.C．Worsen. D．Express.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“What’sparticularlynoteworthy...expressedgreateranxietyrelatedtotheirownpersonalissues.”可知，负面新闻会让观看者对于自己的问题更焦虑，使自己的问题恶化，因此推知“magnify”表示“扩大；加重”。故选C。6．Whatcanwelearnabout“positive”newsaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Ithasthesameeffectasnegativenews.B．Itcanbringaboutgratitudeandlove.C．Itcansavepeoplefromalifeofviolence.D．Itcanmakevolunteeractivitiesrewarding.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thefewstudiesthatexistsuggestthatinspiring，positivemediasources....inducegratitudeandlove.”可知，“积极”新闻可以带来感激和爱。故选B。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinventedbytheauthormean?A．Goodeatinghabitsareimportant.B．Whatweeatreflectsourculture.C．People’swayoflifeiscomplex.D．Whatweabsorbcaninfluenceus.答案D解析句意理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Withthatbroadeneddefinition...thethingsthatweabsorb—food，stories，images，sounds(music)—andhowtheyimpactus.”可知，这句话表明我们吸收的东西会影响我们。故选D。8．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A．TocriticizenegativeTVnews.B．Toprovethebenefitofpositivenews.C．Toexplainaphrasethatheinvented.D．Toshowhisopiniononavisualdiet.答案D解析写作意图题。根据最后一段中“Thisalljustmeansthatweneedabalancedvisualdiet—onethatnourishesthesoulandmotivatesustotakeactionandmakethingsbetter.”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了表达他对“视觉饮食”的看法。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Haveyouseenpeoplewhotakepicturesoffoodformorethan10minutesbeforeeating？MyfriendStellaissuchanexample.Everytimewewenttoarestaurant，shewouldnottakeabiteuntilallthedisheswe1wereonthetable.Thenshewouldspendfiveminutesin2thedishesinaseeminglyrandombutinfact3order.Thenthemostimportantpart：takingpictures.Afterthat，shewouldchooseoneofthe4andclickinthefilter(滤镜)app.Thefoodeventuallylooked10timesmoredeliciousthanitreallywas，butwehadno5toreallyenjoyit—itallwentcold.ActuallyStella’sreallifeismuchlesselegant.Forexample，shehatestowashthedishes，sosheleavestheminthesinkfordays.Manypeoplecaretoomuchaboutothers’opinionsandtrytoohardto6others.Theyfindithardtobe7andtoacceptthemselves，andthustheyareafraidtoshowtheir8lifeonsocialmedia.Whattheyaretryingtoproveis9whattheylackinreality.Butthiswillnotbringany10toreality，astheystill11thesameoldpatternoflife.Iftheyreallywantanelegantlife，theyshouldputmore12intoachievingit13fabricating(伪造)it.Beingmoreconfident，14themselvesandtryingtheirbesttobebetteraremuchmoremeaningfulthan15theirlifeonsocialmedia.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化自己的生活，作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果他们想要优雅的生活，他们应该更加努力，而不是制造假象。1．A.ordered B．servedC．offered D．prepared答案A解析句意：每次我们去饭馆，直到我们点的菜都上桌了她才会开始吃。order点菜；serve服务；offer提供；prepare准备。根据句意可知，此处是指作者他们点的菜被端上桌。故选A项。2．A.cooking B．washingC．setting D．collecting答案C解析句意：然后她会用五分钟以一种看起来随意实际是布置好的顺序来摆菜品。cook烹饪；wash清洗；set摆，放，置；collect收集。根据下文的“Thenthemostimportantpart：takingpictures.”可推测，她要把菜品摆好来拍照。故选C项。3．A.messy B．arrangedC．casual D．missed答案B解析参考上题句意解析。messy杂乱的；arranged布置好的；casual随意的；missed错过的。根据句意可知，此处应选择一个和random意思相反的词。故选B项。4．A.dishes B．restaurantsC．tables D．pictures答案D解析句意：之后，她会选择一张照片，然后放进滤镜应用程序。dish菜；restaurant饭馆；table桌子；picture照片。根据上文的takingpictures可知，此处用“照片”符合语境，picture是原词复现。故选D项。5．A.chance B．choiceC．excuse D．reason答案A解析句意：最后，食物看起来比实际上的美味十倍，但是我们没有享用的机会，因为食物已经凉了。chance机会；choice选择；excuse借口；reason原因。结合上下文可知，此处是指因为有人拍照，导致食物变凉，大家错过了享受美食的机会。故选A项。6．A.comfort B．pleaseC．inspire D．discourage答案B解析句意：很多人过于在乎别人的观点，并且尽全力去取悦别人。comfort安慰；please使……高兴；inspire启发；discourage使丧气。根据上文的“Manypeoplecaretoomuchaboutothers’opinions”可知，此处用“取悦别人”符合语境。故选B项。7．A.independent B．generousC．responsible D．confident答案D解析句意：他们认为自信很困难、很难接受自己，因此他们害怕把自己真实的一面展现在社交媒体上。independent独立的；generous慷慨的；responsible负责的；confident自信的。故选D项。8．A.real B．secretC．peaceful D．healthy答案A解析参考上题句意解析。real真正的；secret秘密的；peaceful和平的；healthy健康的。根据下文的“whattheylackinreality”可知，此处用“真实的”符合语境，real和reality是同根词。故选A项。9．A.rarely B．hardlyC．exactly D．nearly答案C解析句意：他们尽力想要证明的，恰好是他们在现实生活中缺乏的。rarely稀少地；hardly几乎不；exactly确切地，恰好；nearly几乎。故选C项。10．A.difficulty B．changeC．guidance D．harm答案B解析句意：但这不会给现实生活带来任何改变，因为他们依然遵循旧的生活模式。difficulty困难；change改变；guidance向导；harm伤害。故选B项。11．A.question B．dislikeC．doubt D．follow答案D解析参考上题句意解析。question质问；dislike不喜欢；doubt怀疑；follow遵循。根据still和下文thesame可推断，此处是指他们依然按原来的方式来生活，用“遵循”符合语境。故选D项。12．A.effort B．ambitionsC．feelings D．money答案A解析句意：如果他们真的想要优雅的生活，他们应该付出更多的努力来实现它而不是伪造它。effort努力；ambition抱负；feeling感情；money金钱。根据常识可知，想要美好的生活，就必须付出努力。故选A项。13．A.otherthan B．morethanC．ratherthan D．lessthan答案C解析参考上题句意解析。otherthan除了；morethan超过；ratherthan而非；lessthan少于。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系。故选C项。14．A.identifying B．acceptingC．persuading D．amusing答案B解析identify识别；accept接受；persuade说服；amuse使高兴。根据上文的“Theyfindithardtobeandtoacceptthemselves”可知，此处用“接受”符合语境，accept是原词复现。故选B项。15．A.simplifying B．ruiningC．beautifying D．worsening答案C解析simplify简化；ruin摧毁；beautify美化；worsen恶化。根据第一段中的“Afterthat，shewouldchooseoneoftheandclickinthefilter(滤镜)app.”可知，作者的朋友是在美化自己的生活，故此处用“美化”符合语境。故选C项。Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)ARussianfashionbrand,99Recycle，istryingtotackleSt.Petersburg’smountainsofgarbagebycreatinganentiresupplychainoutofthem.Sustainabilityinfashionisbecoming1.largerandlargerconcernasthe21stcenturyrollson，astheindustryisoneofthemostproblematic2.(polluter)inoursocietybecauseoftheamountandtypesofwaste3.(produce)byit.99Recycle’scurrentgoodsincludepencilandlaptopcases，backpacks，bags，skateboardsandabicycle.99Recycleusesalarge3Dprinter，whichusesrecycledplasticasarawmaterial.They4._________(collect)over70tonsofplasticsofarbyworkingwithlocalrecyclingnonprofits.“Theprocessofpreparingthematerialsis5.(complicated)thanpreparingordinarymaterials.Mostofourtimeistakenupbythe6.(prepare)，becauseweneedtocleanit，tomakeiteven，toselectit，torejectsomematerials，”OlesyaKulik，designerat99RecycletoldEuronews.Insidethefactory，the3Dprintercreatesshapesandtextiles(纺织品)7.aresewntogetherbyhand,8.(mean)thateachpieceisunique.Along9.makingproductsforpurchase,99Recyclehostsclassesandlecturesaboutsustainabilityanddifferentways10.(recycle)，hopingtocoachpeopleoutoftheirthrow-awayhabits.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。俄罗斯的一个时尚品牌用回收的旧塑料作原料，制造各式各样的产品。1．答案a解析考查冠词。concern在句中意为“令人担心的事”，是抽象名词具体化，且表泛指，应用不定冠词，且larger是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。2．答案polluters解析考查名词复数。polluter在此意为“污染源”，为可数名词，根据oneof可知，此处需填名词的复数形式。故填polluters。3．答案produced解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，produce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且produce与waste之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填produced。4．答案havecollected解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据后面的sofar可知此处为现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填havecollected。5．答案morecomplicated解析考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知complicated应用比较级形式，在其前面加more。故填morecomplicated。6．答案preparation解析考查名词。介词by后应用名词preparation，作宾语，不可数。故填preparation。7．答案that/which解析考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词shapesandtextiles，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。8．答案meaning解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，mean在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作伴随状语，且表示情理之中的结果，故用现在分词。故填meaning。9．答案with解析考查介词。alongwith为固定短语，表示“除了……之外还……”。故填with。10．答案torecycle解析考查非谓语动词。短语thewaytodosth表示“做某事的方式/方法”，后跟不定式作定语。故填torecycle。Ⅳ.读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onemorningonmywaytoschool，Inoticedanelderlywomandressedinayellowvest(马甲)carryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具)．“What’sthatladydoing？”IaskedMum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun，”Mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickinguprubbishlookinglikeaconstructionworkerisfun？”Ipuzzled.ForseveralyearsI’dwitnessthismysteriousVestLady—rainorshine—onmywaytoschool.Ihadthoughtshewascrazyforpickinguprubbish.EventuallyIsmiledandwavedathereachtimeIsawher.Later，Imovedtohighschool.ThetimeIsawrubbishhereandthereIfeltreallyannoyed.ThenI’dthink，“Whyisn’tanyonepickingupthisrubbish?Peoplearesoinconsiderate！”However，shortlyafter，Irealizedpickinguptherubbishwasnotsomeoneelse’sproblem.NowIcouldn’twalkpastlitterwithoutfeelingguilty.Ivolunteeredtocleanuprubbisharoundourschool.Strangeasitmightsound，pickinguplitterwaskindofathrillforme!Infact，Iwassodeterminedthatformy17thbirthdayIboughtmyselfarubbishclaw，reusableglovesandareflectivesafetyyellowvestwithmyownnameonit.Duringmyfirstattemptinmystylishequipment，ImetwithunfriendlylooksfromothersasifIwereacriminaldoingcommunityservice.Oneday，Ihadanep