高中英语北师大版选择性必修一UNIT 3 Period 2　Lesson 1　The Sixth Extinction-Reading Comprehension

Period2Lesson1

TheSixthExtinction—Reading

ComprehensionCONSERVATIONUNIT3读前清障精读课文读前清障Ⅰ.匹配单词(请把单词和其对应的英语解释连线)1.species

A.tobecomesmallerinsizeornumber2.mass

B.tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore3.varied C.atriskofnolongerexisting4.decrease D.asetofanimalsorplantsthathavethesame

characteristics5.endangered

E.ofmanydifferenttypes6.restore F.alargeamountorquantityofsth1.Whodoyouthink

forthecaraccidentlastnight?2.Aswecansee，manyspeciesarequickly

becauseoftheextremeclimate.3.Thefashionablegirlwill

ofafatalheartattackifshedoesn’tputonweight.4.Formostparents，children’ssmilecan

allthetiredfeelingsafteraday’swork.5.

，agoodandharmoniousfamilyatmosphereisbeneficialtothehealthygrowthofchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally.Ⅱ.选词填空dieout，betoblame，beatrisk，wipeout，inshortaretoblamedyingoutbeatriskwipeoutInshort返回精读课文1.Toreadandtalkaboutconservation;2.Toreadforgeneralunderstanding;3.Toreadforspecificinformationandunderstandingwordsinthecontext;4.Toexpresssolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.Pre-reading1.Whatdoestheword“Extinction”mean?Extinctionisasituationinwhichsomethingnolongerexistsonourplanet.1.HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?A.Once.B.Fivetimes.C.Morethan10times.2.AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemassextinctionknownasthe“GreatDying”?Lessthan10%.B.Nearly50%.C.Morethan90%.3.Whatdoscientistthinkwillcausethenextmassextinction?A.Humanactivity.B.Naturalcauses.C.Unknownreasons.2.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutextinction?Choosetheoptionbasedonyourknowledge.Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1A.Humanactivitycausesspeciestodieoutfaster.Para.2B.Howdoweavoidasixthmassextinction?Para.3C.Extinctionsinhistoryandthereasons.Para.4D.Thepossibleconsequencesofthesixthmassextinction.While-reading___________arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.Butwehumanscan_________tostopdestroyingtheplanetweliveontoavoid___________________.2.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

Extinctionstakeactionasixthextinction3.Whatisthetypeofthisarticle?A.Narration(记叙文).B.ArgumentativeEssay(议论文).C.ExpositoryWriting(说明文).D.NewsReport(新闻报道).√1.HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?A.Once.B.Fivetimes.C.Morethan10times.2.AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemassextinctionknownasthe“GreatDying”?Lessthan10%.B.Nearly50%.C.Morethan90%.3.Whatdoscientistthinkwillcausethenextmassextinction?A.Humanactivity.B.Naturalcauses.C.Unknownreasons.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutextinction?Choosetheoptionbasedonyourknowledge.4.CheckyouranswerstotheactivityinPre-reading.√√√(3)Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconsequences

__________________________________________(2)Thenumberofextinctionsthathaveoccurredsofar__________(4)Mainreasonsthatcauseextinctions___________________________________(1)Meaningofextinction__________________________________________1.Readthefirstparagraphandcompletethenotes.Para.1(1)MeaningofextinctionExtinctionsare________entirespeciesarewipedout,______arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.wherewhich(2)ThenumberofextinctionsthathaveoccurredsofarInthepast500millionyears,therehavebeen__________extinctions,inwhich___________________thateverlivedarenowextinct.fivetimesover90%ofallspecies(3)Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconsequences:•The_______massextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,whichkilled_____________ofallspecies.•The______event,whichoccurred66millionyearsago,causedthedeathofthe___________.third90%to96%fifthdinosaurs(4)Mainreasonsthatcauseextinctions•________________.•AsteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace•Changesinsealevels.•Thedecreaseoftheoxygencontentofthesea.•________________.GlobalwarmingVolcaniceruptions2.WhichwritingmethodisNOTusedinthisparagraph?A.Givingdata.B.Analyzingcauseandeffect.C.Makingcomparison.D.Arranginginthetimeorder.√3.Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistime,humanactivitywillbetoblame.Manyscientistsholdtheideathatweareabouttogothroughthesixthextinctionwhichhumanactivityshouldberesponsiblefor.1.

Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.2.Whatarethereasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout?Para.2

Thereasonsarevaried,suchasairandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.3.Whichsentenceinthisparagraphcanreplacethefollowingone?WhatisobviousisthatourhumanactivityhashadanegativeinfluenceonallotherspeciesonEarth,suchasanimalsandplants.ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.1.Whatwouldhappenifasixthmassextinctionoccurs?▲Upto_____________ofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.▲Humanswouldalsobe_________dyingout,becauseourworldandlivesdependon___________innature.threequartersatriskofthebalancePara.3

3.Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.Withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreathe,andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.Iftherewerenoforests,wewouldnotbreathe；iftherewerenocleanwater,wewoulddie.1.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.CallonpeopletoprotecttheEarth.B.Blamepeoplefordestroyingtheenvironment.C.Urgethegovernmenttotakeaction.D.Warnthepublictoreducetheirdestructivebehaviour.Para.4

√2.Whatshouldwedotoprotecttheearth?▲takestepstosave(1)___________________;▲changetheway(2)__________________byusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy▲improvefarmingmethodsto(3)

_________water,airandlandpollutionendangeredspeciesweworkandtravelreduce3.Whatrhetoricaldevices(修辞手法)doestheauthoruseinthisparagraph?A.Metaphor(暗喻)．B.Personification(拟人)．C.Overstatement(夸张)．D.Parallelconstruction(排比)．√CaseStudyReadtheCaseStudyanddothefollowingexercises.1.Whatdidpeopledotoprotectblackrobins?▲Wildlifeworkersbegan(1)____________forraisingblackrobinchicks.▲They(2)_________OldBlue’seggs,helpedthemto(3)______andtookcareoftheir(4)________.▲They(5)_________theirhabitatsand(6)__________smallanimalsthathuntthemfromtheislandswheretheylive.aprogrammeprotectedhatchchicksrestored

removed2.Whatistheeffectoftheirefforts?In1980NowTherewereonly5blackrobinsleftintheworld,onlyoneofwhichwasabletolayeggs.Therearemorethan250blackrobinsandthepopulationisstillspreading.3.WhichclaimdidtheCaseStudysupportinthetext?A.Humanscandowhatevertheywant.B.Theblackrobinsaresuccessfullysavedfromextinction.C.Itishumanactivitythathasaffectedthespeciesnegatively.D.It’snevertoolatetotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.√1.Usedifferentcolouredpenstohighlightatleastoneexampleforeachofthefollowingelementslistedbelow.Thenfindoutwhattypicallanguageisused?(Criticalthinking）•Facts:•Reasons:•Opinions/predictions:•Solutions:Post-readingSuggestedanswer：

Facts:over90percentofallspeciesthateverlivedarenowextinct;...thethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.Andthefifthevent...causedthedeathofthedinosaurs;humanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.

Reasons:

airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing

arecausingspeciestodieout;Withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreathe,andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.

Opinions/predictions:ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction;scientistsbelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.

Solutions:Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies;weneedtochangehowweworkandtravel...;wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethodstoreducewater,airandlandpollution;Inshort...weneedtostopdestroyingtheplanetthatweliveonandstarttoprotectit.2.Whatshouldwedoasstudentstoavoidthesixthextinctionandprotecttheenvironment?(Creativethinking)Suggestedanswer:Firstly,weshouldraiseawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,knowingthatwhateverwedowillhavesomeeffectsontheenvironment.Secondly,weshouldpayattentiontoourdailybehaviorandtryourbesttosaveenvironmentandreducetheharmtoit,forexample,wecanstopusingplasticbags,savewaterandelectricityandlearntorecycleandreduceindailylife.Conservationisastateofharmonybetweenmenandnature.

—WalterChryslerEnvironmentalpollutionisanincurabledisease.Itcanonlybeprevented.

—BarryCommonerReflectionTakewithrestraintanduseinmoderation;thiswayoneshallalwaysknowcontentment.

(ZizhiTongjian)取之有道，用之有节，则长足。

Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.Infact,over90percentofallspecies1.____

everlivedarenowextinct.Inthelast500millionyears，there

2.________(be)fivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended,3._________(include)thethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”．Thereasonsforextinctionsare4.____________(vary)．ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistime,humanactivitywillbe5.________(blame)．thathavebeenincludingvaried/varioustoblameA2015studybyscientistsfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000times6._____(fast)thannormal.7.______isclearisthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.Ifasixthmassextinction8.______(occur),scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieoutandwewouldalsobe9.___

riskofdyingout.Inshort,ifwewanttosurvive,weneedtostop10.____________(destroy)theplanetthatweliveonandstarttoprotectit.fasterWhat

occursatdestroyingPara.1

Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.Infact,over90percentofallspeciesthateverlivedarenowextinct.Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended.Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”，whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.Andthefifthevent,whichoccurred66millionyearsago,causedthedeathofthedinosaurs.Thereasonsforextinctionsarevaried.Accordingtoscientists,theyincludevolcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseoftheoxygencontentoftheseaandglobalwarming.ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistime,humanactivitywillbetoblame.“彻底毁灭”引导定语从句，先行词是extinctionthat引导的定语从句，先行词是specieswhen引导的定语从句，先行词是times过去分词短语作后置定语引导非限制性定语从句引导定语从句，先行词是thefifthevent“各种各样的，形形色色的”省略that的宾语从句，作say的宾语“把……归咎于”AnalyzethekeypointsofthetextPara.2

Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses,thatis,the“backgroundextinctionrate”.Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.

Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.although引导让步状语从句“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，其先行词是rate引导定语从句，先行词是scientists作插入语，“也就是说”引导宾语从句，作found的宾语引导定语从句，先行词是reasonsItisadj.+that...句式，其中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句“灭绝”Para.3

Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.Ofcourse,aswehumansdependonsomanyspeciesforoursurvival,wewouldalsobeatriskofdyingout.Ourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnaturebetweenanimalsandplants.Withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreathe,andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.引导条件状语从句who引导定语从句，先行词是scientiststhat引导宾语从句,作believe的宾语引导原因状语从句，意思是“因为，由于”“处境危险，受到威胁”Without“（如果）没有……”,后跟虚拟条件句Para.4

Canasixthextinctionbeavoided?Expertssaythatitisnotyettoolate,ifwetakeactionnow.Thiswouldmeanwehavetosignificantlychangethewaywelive.Forexample,weneedtotakestepstosavee