Unit 2 Grammar 构词法-高中英语教学资料

B1U2ExploringEnglishGrammar:wordformation(构词法)Matchthewordsinboldtothetypesofwordformation.(A1,P22)aNeitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.b

…sculptasculpture…cWhenwe…seerain…,wecansay“it’sraining”…d

WHOabbreviatingchangingthepartofspeechaddingaprefixorsuffixcombiningtwoormorewordsdcbaabbreviatingchangingthepartofspeechaddingaprefixorsuffixcombiningtwoormorewordsLookformoreexamplesofeachtypeinthereadingpassage.IT,US“it’ssnowing”sculpture,painting,hardly,softly,harmless/harmful,shameless/shameful,invisible,medical,madness,creativitypineapple,hamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework,five-year-old,sunshinecommonmethodsofwordformation(常见构词法)1.Abbreviating缩写定义：用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。(1)joiningthefirstlettersofeachword(首字母缩写)ASAP=RIP=WTO=PRC=(2)makingawordshorter(单词截短)ad=lab=phone=assoonaspossiblerestinpeaceWorldTradeOrganizationPeople’sRepublicofChinaadvertisementlaboratorytelephone

Canyouthinkofmoreexamplesofeachtype?2.Conversion转类法定义：把一种词性转化为另一种词性，词形不变。Let’stalkaboutit.

Ithinkwe’dbetterfinishthetalknow.Shegavemeaglassofwater.

Youshouldwatertheflowersonceaweek.Sheiswearingablackdress.

Thegirlinblackisverybeautiful.Tomisabraveman.

Healwaysbravesthedifficultiesinlife.v.→n.n.→v.adj.

→

n.adj.→

v.Themeaningcanbeinferred(推断)!(1)prefixation

前缀法PrefixesMeaningExamplesdis-不disagree,dislike,disableim-,in-不impossible,inexpensiveinter-在……之间；相互international,interpersonalmis-错误的mislead,misunderstandpre-在……之前preschool,previewre-再，重新retell,rewrite定义：在词根(root/base)的基础上添加前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)。前缀常改变意义，后缀常改变词性。3.Affixation派生法(2)suffixation后缀法SuffixesMeaningExamples-er,-or（做某事）的人

dancer,actor,inventor-ment表示动作、状态、结果arrangement,development-ship表示技能、地位、性质、状态leadership,friendship-tion表示结果relation,reflection-able表示可……的

washable,comfortable-ful表示有……性质的;充满……的useful,mouthful-ous表示有……特性的dangerous,nervous3.Affixation派生法4.Compounding复合法定义：把两个或多个不同的单词结合（有时由连词符“-”连接）。CompoundNouns:

newspaper,haircut,raincoat,bookstore,…CompoundAdjectives:breath-taking,well-known,ice-cold,kind-hearted,cold-blooded,…CompoundVerbs:

overlook,babysit,kickstart(启动)

,…OtherCompounds:everyone,throughout,…5.Blending拼缀法定义：合并两个词的某些部分来构成新词。autocidesitcomtelecastmedicare=automobile+suicide=situation+comedy=television+broadcast=medical+careWordformation:SummaryWordformationAffixation(prefixation&suffixation)CompoundingConversionBlendingAbbreviationthemostproductivemeansofwordformationpenfriendwell-knownincorrectunhappyimprovementcalmpresentingWTOASAPCompletethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Fillintheblank.Ifsomethingis_________(familiar)toyou,youknowlittleaboutit.Ienjoythe_________(formal)andrelaxedatmospherethere.Educationshouldvaluethe___________(unique)oftheindividual.Readingcan________(rich)yourspirituallife.Sheis_________(physical)strongand_________(mental)sharp.Doctorsandnurseswore__________(protect)clothingduringthepandemic.Havingagedrelativestostayinyourhousecanbe_______(stress).Noamountof_____________(encourage)wouldmakehimjumpintothepool.unfamiliarinformal

uniqueness

enrich

physically

mentally

protective

stressful

encouragement

Figureoutthemeaningbasedonwordformation.YouniverseCellfishNonversationErroristOnlineness

=you+universe极端的自我中心

=cellphone+selfish不顾他人感受一直打电话的自私行为=non-+conversation毫无意义的谈话=error+terrorist不停犯错的人=online+loneliness网络孤独症airport,transport,portable,import,export,...bookcover,discover,discovery,uncover,recover,coverage,…courageous,encourage,encouraging,encouragement,discourage,discouraging,discouragement,...kindness,kind-hearted,kindly,mankind,unkind,unkindly,unkindness,…nationwide,national,nationality,nationalize,nationalism,