陕西省西安市大联考高二年级下册期中英语答案

2022-2023学年第二学期期中检测

高二英语

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

2.回答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

3.回答第n卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

4.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

第I卷（选择题）

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转

涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatcolourwasthewoman'sshirt?

A.Pink.B.White.C.Lightyellow.

2.Whatdoesthemanwant?

A.Aone-dollarbill.B.Somecoins.C.Aparkingplace.

3.Whatistheman?

A.Abusinessman.B.Ateacher.C.Astudent.

4.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Hehasseenthemovie.

B.Heisinterestedinthemovie.

C.Hedoesn'twanttoseethemovie.

5Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Whentogoonahike.

B.Whethertogotothemovie.

C.Whattodointheafternoon.

第二节（共15小题;每小题分，满分分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,

每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthebook?

A.Surprising,B.CreativeC.Encouraging.

7.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Tocallonpeopletoliveahealthylife.

B.Togivepeoplechancetowriteabook.

C.Toencourageteamworkamongstudents.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atatrainstation.B.Atanairport.C.Atabusstation.

9.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayforherticket?

A.£45B.£35C.£27

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

10.Whatdidhewoman?losthandbaglooklike?

A.Itwasmadeofcloth.B.Itwasbrown.C.Itwasnew

11.Whatwasinsidethehandbag?

A.Somemoney.BTheaddressbookC.Thepurse

12.Whatdosthemansuggestthewomande?

A.Gotothehotelagain.

B.Lookforthehandbagherself.

CAskthehotelaboutherhandbag.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

13.Whydoesthewomanwanttobuysomethingforherhusband?

A.It'sChristmas.B.Ifshisbirthday.C.Ifsanapology

14.WhatpresentdidthewomangivetoherhusbandlastChristmas?

A.Acoat.B.Asweater.C.Atie

15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthewallets?

A.TheyhavejustarrivedfromItaly

B.Theyarepopularwithfamouspeople.

C.Theyareespeciallydesignedformen.

16.Whatdoesthewomanfinallydecidetogivetoherhusband?

A.Awallet.B.Ashirt.C.Trousers

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

17.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?

A.Howoneopen-airtheatrewasbuilt

B.Whatit'sliketoworkinanopen-airtheatre.

C.Howtheopen-airtheatersdevelopedinBritain.

18.Whatwilltheactorsdowhenananimalsuddenlyappearsonthestage?

A.snoreit.B.Canceltheplay.C.Includeitintheirplay

19.Whatwilltheaudienceusuallyreacttobadweather?

A.They'llacceptitandcontinuetosit.

B.They'llwanttoreturntheirtickets.

C.They'llthinkitisfun.

20.WhatdoesJohnbarracksayaboutoutdoortheaters?

A.Theyarejustlikeclubs.

B.Theyhaveadvantagedovernormaltheaters.

C.Theycreatedistancebetweenactorsandaudience.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

WhatwouldyouthinkifsomeonesuggestedknockingdownStPauPsCathedraltowidentheroad?Orpulling

downBigBentomakewayforacarpark?Itwouldberidiculous,right?Butwhenitcomestodevastationofthe

naturalworld,wearen'tsoeasilyshocked.Butweshouldbe...orwe'llbeinalotoftrouble.

Natureisshrinkingbytheday.Ancientforestsaredestroyed.Wetlandsarebecomingdry.Woodlandis

disappearing,andallinthenameofprogress.Thisisbadinitselfbutit'sdevastatingfbrbiodiversity.

Biodiversityreferstothevarietyofplants,animalsandotherlivingthingsthatareallinterconnected.The

ecologicalservicesprovidedbybiodiversityarevitaltoeverydaylife.Theairwebreatheisaproductof

photosynthesisbygreenplants.Insects,wormsandbacteriabreakdownwasteandmakesoilsrich.Andtiny

organismscleanthewaterinriversandsea.Infact,alllifeontheearthexiststhankstothebenefitsofbiodiversity.

Morethan90percentofthecaloriesconsumedbypeopleworldwideareproducedfrom80plantspecies.And30

percentofmedicinesaredevelopedfromplantsandanimals.Maintainingawidediversityofspeciesineach

ecosystemisnecessarytopreservealllivingthings.

Thelossofbiodiversitycouldbedevastating."Itiswrongtothinkthatbiodiversitycanbereduced

indefinitelywithoutthreateninghumans,saidHarvardUniversitybiologistEdwardO.Wilson,knownasthe

"fatherofbiodiversity^^.Hewarned,t4Weareabouttoreachacriticalpointbeyondwhichbiodiversitylosswill

becomeirreversible.^^

Butwhatcanwedo?Thepresentproblemisthattheconceptofbiodiversityissovague.Peoplemightcare

aboutgiantpandas,butitismuchhardertoexcitethemaboutthefateoftinyseacreatureswhicharebeingboiled

todeathinthecoolingsystemsofpowerstationsalongcoastlines.TheGuardiannewspaperistryingtohelp.Ithas

launchedtheBiodiversity100campaigntotrytoconvincegovernmentsaroundtheworldtotakeactiontodeal

withthewidespreadconcernsaboutbiodiversity.ThisincludespersuadingtheUKgovernmenttocreateaseriesof

marinereservestoreservethedecreaseinthesea-lifecausedbyindustrialfishing,stoppingfishingsharksbythe

JapanesefishennenandbanningthekillingofdingoesinAustralia,amongmanyotherthings.

Thereisalottodo.Andwe'dbetteractquicklyifwedon'twanttoendupwithaplanetthatcan'tsustainlife!

1.Theunderlinedsentence“Nalurcisshrinkingbytheday."meansthat.

A.natureisbadlypollutedbyhumans

B.speciesarebecomingfewerandfewerdaybyday

C.rainforestsarebeingcutdowneveryday

D.natureisfullofmysteries

2.EdwardO.Wilsonthinksthat.

A.itdoesn'tmattertoreducebiodiversity

B.peoplehavedoneenoughtopreservebiodiversity

C.thesituationofbiodiversityisveryserious

D.biodiversitylosshasbecomeirreversible

3.Whenitcomestobiodiversity,thepresentproblemisthat.

A.peoplemightnotclearlyknowwhatisbiodiversityandwhatshouldbeprotected

B.peoplearenotawarethatgiantpandasareendangered

C.peopledon'trealizethatbiodiversityisvitaltoeverydaylife

D.peoplehuntseacreaturesfbrfood

【答案】1.B2.C3.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过文章向我们描述了生物多样性目前面临的形势非常严峻，不容乐观，

呼吁读者保护生物多样性。

【1题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线句下文uAncientforestsaredestroyed.Wetlandsarebecomingdry.Woodlandis

disappearing,andallinthenameofprogress.Thisisbadinitselfbutit'sdevastatingforbiodiversity.（X自然正在

日益萎缩。古老的森林被摧毁。湿地正在变得干燥。林地正在消失，而这一切都是以进步的名义。这本身

就很糟糕，但对生物多样性来说是毁灭性的）”可知，划线句子的意思是生物多样性在遭受破坏，自然界的

物种每天都在减少。故选B项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hewarned,4tWeareabouttoreachacriticalpointbeyondwhichbiodiversityloss

willbecomeirreversible.”（他警告，“我们即将达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，生物多样性丧失将变得

不可逆转。可知，EdwardO.Wilson认为生物多样性形势十分严峻。故选C项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Butwhatcanwedo?Thepresentproblemisthattheconceptofbiodiversityisso

vague.（但是我们能做什么呢？目前的问题是生物多样性的概念太模糊了）”可知，当涉及到生物多样性，目

前的问题是人们可能不清楚地知道什么是生物多样性和什么应该被保护。故选A项。

B

Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequite

lonely.Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwithclassicBritishreserve,meansthateventhoughyou're

packedintoanenclosedspacewithhundredsofotherpeople,themorningcommute（上下班的路程）canleaveyou

feelingsomewhatdisconnected.

AnAmericanlivinginLondon,however,istryingtochangethis.4tYougetontheTubehereandit's

completelysilentanditfeelsabitstrange,“saysJonathanDunne,42,whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueafter

givingoutbadges（证章；徽章）withthewords“Tubechat?”lastmonth,encouragingcommutersinLondontoget

talkingtooneanother.

“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhoursinacityof8million,expectingmostofthemtobethrownaway,

butafterabout24hoursitcompletelysnowballed,hesays.

Dunneandhis“Tubechat“campaignhavebeencoveredbymediaacrosstheworldsincethen,seeingTV

interviewsinSweden,BrailandtheUK,aswellasalotofwebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances.

AlthoughDunnesayshe'sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhisopinion.Londoner

BrianWilsonstartedacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords"Don'teventhinkaboutit”on

them.can'tstandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywaytowork,^^hetoldtheBBC.

MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees."BeingontheTubeistheonlyplaceandquietnesssome

peoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Personally,Idon'twanttobetroubledbypeoplecomingupand

chattingtoyouJhesays.

WhileLondondoesnotappeartobesocial,noteverywherelacksasenseofcommunity.InMelbourne,

Australia,commutershavesetupaprivateFacebookgroupusedtowarnoneanotherwhenticketinspectors（售票

员）boardthecity'strams（有勃l电车）.MostWesterncities,tramstopshavenobarriers,whichmakesitpossiblefor

sometravelerstoridethemwithoutbuyingtickets.Thoughthegroupcomeswithadisclaimer（免费申明），its

purposeisactuallytowarnfarepayingmembersthatticketsinspectorsareonsothattheycanreadytheirsmiles

andmostimportantly,theirtickets.

DoesDunnehopethatsomeofthiscommunityspiritwillbemirroredintheUKfollowinghiscampaign?

“Peoplebelievedthat1iustwalkupandtalktostrangers、whichIdon't,butit'sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeople

youwouldneverhavenormallyspokentoJhesays."OnMonday,thecurator（馆长）oftheLondonTransport

Museumhadmeoverfortea."SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothe

personnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.ToblamethelonelinessonLondonTube.

B.ToshowtheselfishnessofLondoners.

C.ToexpresstheupsetoftheTuberiders.

D.Tointroducethebackgroundofthecampaign.

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutDunne'scampaign?

A.ItencouragespeopletoavoidchattingontheTube.

BItdoesn'twineveryone'ssupportinLondon.

C.It'sknownonlytoasmallnumberofLondoners.

D.Itgivesoutbadgeswith"Don'teventhinkaboutit.”

6.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentences?

A.TheypreferdrinkingteatochattingontheTube.

B.Dunnedidn'texpectedtomeetthecuratorontheTube.

C.DunneneverwalksupandtalkstostrangersontheTube.

D.ItispossibletomakefriendswithastrangerontheTube.

7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsDunne'scampaign?

A.DoubtfulB.Worried

C.SupportiveD.Amazed

【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。住在伦敦的美国人乔纳森•邓恩发现在伦敦坐地铁的人保持沉默，互相不说话、

不交流，他就想改变这种情况，他向通勤者发放“地铁聊天”的徽章，鼓励他们相互交谈。他的做法收到

的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。本文主要讲的是：住在伦敦的美国人乔纳森•邓恩发现在伦敦坐地铁的人保持沉默，互相不说

话不交流，他就想改变这种情况，他向通勤者发放“地铁聊天”的徽章，鼓励他们相互交谈。他的做法收

到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。而第一段**Despitebeingusedby1.34billion

peopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Anunwrittenruleencouraging

silence,mixedwithclassicBritishreserve,meansthateventhoughyou'repackedintoanenclosedspacewith

hundredsofotherpeople,themorningcommute（上下班的路程）canleaveyoufeelingsomewhatdisconnected.（尽

管每年有亿人乘坐伦敦地铁，但在伦敦乘坐地铁实际上是相当孤独的。英国有一条不成文的规矩，鼓励大

家保持沉默，再加上经典的英式矜持，这意味着即使你和数百人挤在一个封闭的空间里，早晨的通勤也会

让你感到有些疏离）”是介绍在伦敦坐地铁时人们保持沉默、不互相交流这种现象。由此推知，第一段是为

了介绍乔纳森•邓恩发起运动鼓励人们在地铁上交流的背景。故选D项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段的“AlthoughDunnesayshe'sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagrees

withhisopinion.LondonerBrianWilsonstartedacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords

'Don'teventhinkaboutit,onthem.'Ican'tstandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywayto

work,5hetoldtheBBC.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.'BeingontheTubeistheonlyplace

andquietnesssomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Personally,Idon'twanttobetroubledbypeople

comingupandchattingtoyou,'hesays.（虽然邓恩说他收到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的

观点。伦敦人布莱恩•威尔逊也发起了一项运动，他发放了500枚徽章，上面写着‘想都别想‘。他在接

受BBC采访时表示：'我无法忍受在上班的地铁上和陌生人说话。'来自伦敦的24岁学生迈克尔•罗宾

逊对此表示赞同。'地铁是一些人上下班旅途中唯一安静的地方。就我个人而言，我不想被走过来和你聊

天的人打扰，'他说）”可知，在伦敦并不是每个人都支持邓恩发起的运动。故选B项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据戈【J线句子""PeoplebelievedthatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon't,butit'sbeen

agreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento/hesays.'OnMonday,thecurator（馆长）of

theLondonTransportMuseumhadmeoverfortea/（他说：'人们认为我只是走过去和陌生人说话，我不是，

但这是一个很好的方式，可以认识你平时永远不会说过话的人。''星期一，伦敦交通博物馆的馆长请我

去喝茶。'）”推知，邓恩一定是在地铁上结识的伦敦交通博物馆的馆长，所以在地铁上和陌生人交朋友

是可能的。故选D项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句"SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhelloto

thepersonnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.（所以，如果你在西方乘坐公共交通工具，为

什么不向旁边的人打个招呼呢？不过一定要先检查一下对方有没有徽章）”推知，作者对于邓恩发起的运

动是支持的。故选C项。

C

Notonlydoestheuseofplasticwaterbottleshurtyourwallet,butitalsocausespollution,wastesenergy,and

surprisinglywasteswater.Only23%oftheplasticinAmericaendsupinrecyclingbins,meaningover$1billion

worthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear.Recently,SkippingRocksLabhasinventedakindofwaterbottle

calledOoho.

Ifsakindofconvenient,clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit,youcaneithergetrid

ofthemembrane（膜）ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit,

yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.It'scompletelytastelesssoyouneedn'tworryaboutanytaste.

Itaimsforlargeoutdooreventswheretonsofplasticbottlesareusedandfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.Too

muchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment,whichcouldaccountfbrthepurposeofsuchanewinvention.

Theteamhasbeenworkingfbrthepasttwoyearstodevelopthetechnologyandmaterialsthatareneededto

produceOoho.Thepriceforanonlybubble（泡状物）oraunitofbubbleshasn'tbeendecidedyet,butitcostsabout

twocentstocreateaunit,whichischeaperthanplasticbottles.TheteamhasalsobeensellingOohowaterbottles

inLondonforthepastsixmonths.

Oohoiscatchingmanypeople'sattentionandhasraisedoverSImillioninonlythreedays.It'smostlybeing

soldateventsatthemomenttointerestthebuyerswhiletheproductionmachineisgettingupandrunning.It's

quicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutfbrthesebottlesofthefuture.

8.HowismostplasticinAmericadealtwith?

A.Itisthrownawayaslitter.B.Itisreusedasnewenergy.

C.Itisburiedundertheground.D.Itisappliedtonewtechnology.

9.WhatcanweknowabouttheOoho?

A.Itplanstobesoldataverylowprice.

B.Ithassomeadvantagesoverplasticbottles.

C.IthastakentheplaceofplasticbottlesinLondon.

D.PropermaterialsofmakingOohoarehardtofind.

10.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsOoho'sfuture?

A.Doubtful.B.Uninterested.C.Positive.D.Worried.

11.Whomightbetargetreaders?

A.Scientists.B.Experts.C.Environmentalists.D.Thepublic.

【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名叫Ooh。的水瓶，这种水瓶既方便又清澈，既可以喝也

可以吃。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Only23%oftheplasticinAmericaendsupinrecyclingbins,meaningover$1

billionworthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear.（在美国，只有23%的塑料最终进入了回收箱，这意味着每年

有超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理。）”可知，在美国，大多数的塑料都被当作垃圾处理。故选A。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段"It，sakindofconvenient,clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.To

drinkit,youcaneithergetridofthemembrane（膜）ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewater

intoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.It'scompletelytastelesssoyouneedn't

worryaboutanytaste.（这是一种既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃•要喝的话，可以去掉膜，也可以

用牙齿在膜上撕开一个洞，把水倒进嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放进嘴里。它是完全无味的，所以你不

必担心任何味道。）”以及文章第三段"Itaimsforlargeoutdooreventswheretonsofplasticbottlesareusedand

frequentlyleftbehindaslitter.Toomuchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment,whichcouldaccountforthe

purposeofsuchanewinvention.（它的目标是在大型户外活动中使用成吨的塑料瓶，经常被丢弃作为垃圾。过

多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害，这可能是这项新发明的目的。）”可知，Ooh。比塑料瓶的优点多，不仅方

便，而且不会对环境造成危害。故选B。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段"It，sakindofconvenient,clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.To

drinkit,youcaneithergetridofthemembrane（膜）ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewater

intoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.It'scompletelytastelesssoyouneedn't

worryaboutanytaste.（这是一种既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃。要喝的话，可以去掉膜，也可以

用牙齿在膜上撕开一个洞，把水倒进嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放进嘴里。它是完全无味的，所以你不

必担心任何味道。）”可知，作者认为这种水瓶非常好，而根据文章最后一段"Ifsquicklymakingarise,so

keepaneyeoutforthesebottlesofthefuture.（它正在迅速崛起，所以请关注这些未来的瓶子。）”可知，作者

对这个瓶子的未来抱有积极的态度。故选C。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段uOohoiscatchingmanypeople'sattentionandhasraisedover$1millionin

onlythreedays.Ifsmostlybeingsoldateventsatthemomenttointerestthebuyerswhiletheproductionmachine

isgettingupandrunning.It'squicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutforthesebottlesofthefuture.（Ooho吸弓I了

很多人的注意，仅在三天内就筹集了超过100万美元。它主要是在目前的活动中出售，以吸引买家，而生

产机器正在启动和运行。它正在迅速崛起，所以请关注这些未来的瓶子。）”可知，这种瓶子正在崛起中，

目前需要公众的关注。所以这篇文章是写给大众看的，既介绍了瓶子又吸引了公众的关注，渴望有大量人

群购买。故选D。

D

Aspricesdropandtheirfunctionalityexpands,youcanexpecttoseehumanoid（类人的）robotsinmoreplaces,

includingschools,airports,andhospitals.Willtheyinfluencehumanbehavior?

Inastudypublishedrecently,scientistsfoundthatmeanrobotscanhelppeopleconcentrate.Theexperiment,

publishedinScienceRobotics,wasbasedonsomethingcalledtheStroopTask,whichiswidelyusedinpsychology

anddescribedasthe"goldstandard11ofattentionaltests.Itchallengesparticipantstonamethecolorsofwordsand

ignoretheirmeaningswhilecalculatingreactiontime.

Theresearchersputamoderntwistonthetask,though-thistime,therewasarobotintheroom.Thegoalwas

toseeifthepresenceofarobotwouldaffectcognition,andtheresearchersfounditdid,butonlywhentherobot

wasmean.

Howdoyoumakearobotmean?Inthiscase,ameter-talltoyrobotcalledaMeccanoidG15KSwasmadeto

respondtosevenquestions.Thegoodrobotstoldjokes,spokeaboutfriendship,anddescribedtestsubjectsasnice.

Thebadrobotsrepliedtoquestionswithpassiveaggressivecomebacks,suchas"Ienjoydoinganalysisprograms

butyouwouldnotunderstand"andstatementslike“Idonotvaluefriendship."Thentheparticipantsratedthe

robots."Themoreparticipantsthoughttherobotmadethemuncomfortable,thegreatertheimprovementoftheir

Stroopperformancewas/'theresearcherswrote."Notsurprisingly,thebadrobotwasratedaslesswarm,friendly

andpleasantthanthegoodrobot.*'

Thestudyauthorsarguethatrobotsarecrossingthelineinsomesituationsfrommachinestosocialagents.

Thatwillchangehowhumansinteractwithandbehavearoundthem.

"Similartoahuman'spresence,thepresenceofarobotmightnotbeneutral（无倾向性的）insituationslike

schoolorintheofficewhenyouareworking."NicolasSpatola,oneofthestudyauthorssaidinanemail,uSo

beforeyourbossdecidestointroducearobotinyouroffice,itcouldbeagoodideatoevaluatehowyoufeelabout

itandhowitcanpositivelyornegativelyimpactyourwork,howcomfortableyoumayfieelwithitorifyoufeelit

tobeathreat.*'

Just58studentsfromUniversityClermontAuvergneinFranceparticipatedintheexperimentbutthe

researchersfoundanincreaseinthespeedofcorrectanswersamongthoseinthepresenceofameanrobotwhen

comparedtothosewhowerewithanicerobotoralone.

Inthefuture,robotswillalmostcertainlybecomemoreandmorecommoninnursinghomes,hotelcheck-in

desks,behindthewheel,andelsewhere.4€Ifwewanttoimprovetheuseofrobotsinourdailylife,thereseemstobe

aneedtofirstunderstandhowHumanRobotInteractioncanimpacthumanpsychology,Spatolasaid.

12.Whatwasthefindingofthenewstudy?

A.Theuseofrobotsisrising.B.Humanoidrobotscanbemean.

C.Unkindrobotscansharpenourfocus.D.Robotsarebecomingmorefunctional.,.

13.Accordingtothepassage,howdidtheparticipantsjudgetherobots?

A.Bytheirwords.B.Bytheiractions.

C.Bytheirappearance.D.BytheStroopTask.

14.WhichofthefollowingmightNicolasSpatolaagreewith?

A.Becarefulaboutusingrobots.B.Leavetherobotifitpresentsathreat.

C.Robotswillhaveagoodimpactonoffices.D.Robotsmayreplacehumansintheworkplace.

15.Whatwasthedrawbackofthestudy?

A.Theparticipantsweretooyoung.B.Thestudymethodwasn'tscientific.

C.Therewasaslightdifferenceinspeed.D.Thenumberoftheparticipantswastoosmall.

16.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Scientistshavealreadydevelopedhumanoidrobots.

B.Humanoidrobotshavealreadyfounditswayintoourdailylife.

C.Humanoidrobotswillcertainlycomeintoourdailylifesoonerorlater.

D.Thereisnodifficultywe'llmeetwithbeforehumanoidrobotsarewidelyused.

【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.D16.C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着价格的下降和功能的扩展，你可以期待在更多的地方看到类人机器人，包

括学校、机场和医院。它们会影响人类行为吗？在最近发表的一项研究中，科学家发现，刻薄的机器人可

以帮助人们集中精力。文章介绍了研究过程，以及相关人员对此的看法。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中Inastudypublishedrecently,scientistsfoundthatmeanrobotscanhelppeople

concentrate.可知在最近发表的一项研究中，科学家发现，刻薄的机器人可以帮助人们集中精力。由此可知I,

这项新研究的结果是不友善的机器人能使我们集中注意力。故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中Inthiscase,ameter-talltoyrobotcalledaMeccanoidG15KSwasmadetorespondto

sevenquestions.Thegoodrobotstoldjokes,spokeaboutfriendship,anddescribedtestsubjectsasnice.Thebad

robotsrepliedtoquestionswithpassiveaggressivecomebacks,suchas"Ienjoydoinganalysisprogramsbutyou

wouldnotunderstand"andstatementslike"Idonotvaluefriendship."Thentheparticipantsratedtherobots."The

moreparticipantsthoughttherobotmadethemuncomfortable,thegreatertheimprovementoftheirStroop

performancewas,"theresearcherswrote."Notsurprisingly,thebadrobotwasratedaslesswarm,friendlyand

pleasantthanthegoodrobot."可知在这个案例中，一个一米高的名为MeccanoidG15KS的玩具机器人被制造

出来回答七个问题。优秀的机器人会讲笑话，谈论友谊，并将测试对象描述为友好的。“坏机器人”会用

消极主动的回答来回答问题，比如“我喜欢做分析程序，但你不会理解”，或者“我不重视友谊”。然后

让参与者给机器人打分。研究人员写道：“参与者越觉得机器人让他们感到不舒服，他们Stroop表现的改

善就越大。”不出意料，坏机器人被评为不如好机器人热情、友好和令人愉快。”由此可知，参与者是通

过机器人的语言来判断机器人的。故选A。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Similartoahuman'spresence,thepresenceofarobotmightnotbeneutral（无倾向

性的）insituationslikeschoolorintheofficewhenyouareworking."NicolasSpatola,oneofthestudyauthors

saidinanemail,"Sobeforeyourbossdecidestointroducearobotinyouroffice,Itcouldbeagoodideatoevaluate

howyoufeelaboutitandhowitcanpositivelyornegativelyimpactyourwork,howcomfortableyoumayfeel

withitorifyoufeelittobeathreat."可知"类似于人类的存在，机器人的存在在学校或办公室等情况下，当

你在工作时，可能并不中立。”研究作者之一NicolasSpatola在一封电子邮件中说：“所以，在你的老板决

定在你的办公室里引入一个机器人之前，评估你对它的感觉，以及它如何对你的工作产生积极或消极的影

响可能是一个好主意，你可能会觉得它有多舒服，或者你是否觉得它是一种威胁。”由此可推知，Nicolas

Spatola可能会同意A选项“使用机器人时要小心”的观点。故选A。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Just58studentsfromUniversityClermontAuvergneinFranceparticipatedinthe

experimentbuttheresearchersfoundanincreaseinthespeedofcorrectanswersamongthoseinthepresenceofa

meanrobotwhencomparedtothosewhowerewithanicerobotoralone.可知法国克莱蒙特奥弗涅大学只有58

名学生参与了这项实验，但研究人员发现，与那些与优秀机器人在一起或单独在一起的人相比，那些在刻

薄机器人面前的人答对问题的速度更快。由此可推知，这项研究的缺点是参加者的人数太少。故选D。

【16题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中Inthefuture,robotswillalmostcertainlybecomemoreandmorecommonin

nursinghomes,hotelcheck-indesks,behindthewheel,andelsewhere.可知在未来，机器人几乎肯定会越来越普

遍地出现在养老院、酒店登记台、方向盘后面和其他地方。由此可推知，类人机器人肯定迟早会进入我们

的日常生活。故选C。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）

短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whenitcomestohelpingstudentslearnandmature,thereareseveralwaystoincreasetheirwell-being.

Althoughyourchildrenmaybesucceedingintheclassroom,thereareafewthingsthatyoustillcando.

Encouragingphysicalactivityisthefirstthingyoucando.Moreandmorechildrendonotparticipateinsports

afterschool.Ifsimportantforyoutoencouragemobilitywithsportsthatareplayedafterclass.Youshouldfind

sportingequipment,basketballcourtsandplayareaswherekidscanincreasetheirwell-being.

Secondly,youcan