高中英语外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Period 4　Developing ideas-Reading comprehension

Period4Developingideas—ReadingcomprehensionⅠ.匹配单词(请把单词和其对应的英语解释连线)1．link A．averyoldandpopularstorythatmayormaynotbetrue2．legend B．chemicalsthatfarmersputontheircropstokillharmfulinsects3．detect C．thepartofaplantthatgrowsundertheground4．pesticide D．tomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople5．root E．todiscoverornoticesth,especiallysththatisnoteasytosee,hear,etc.答案1.D2.A3.E4.B5.CⅡ.选词填空eq\x(benativeto，adaptto，avarietyof，tinyamountsof，drive...away)1．Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.2．Thereareavarietyofethnicgroupsshowingtheiruniquedancesandsongstotheaudience.3．Tinyamountsofmoneyarespentonadvertisementseveryyeartopromotetheproduction.4．Forsafety，thepolicearetryingtodriveawaythecrowdinthestreet.5．Muchtooursurprise，herelivesakindofstrangeinsectsnativetoXinjiang.Ⅰ.Fast-readingformainideasMatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1A．Plantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.Para.2B．Plantsusesoundtocommunicate.Para.3C．Talkingplantshavelongbeenathingofmythsandlegends.Para.4D．Newresearchhasshownthatplantscancommunicate.Para.5E．Maybeonedaywe’llbeableto“talk”withplants.Para.6F．Plantsusethe“woodwideweb”tocommunicate.答案Para.1CPara.2DPara.3APara.4BPara.5FPara.6EⅡ.Careful-readingfordetailsActivity1细节把握1．Whatisthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．MarcoPolospentmostofhistimestudyingplants.B．Therearesomelegendsabouttalkingtrees.C．InthemovieAvatar，treescansavepeople.D．Newresearchhasrevealedthatplantsappeartocommunicate.答案D2．Plantscanreleasechemicalstodothefollowingthingsexcept.A．warningorcallingforhelpB．drivinginsectsawayC．poisoninginsectsD．attractingcertaininsects答案C3．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A．Peoplecan’thearthenoisecreatedbyplantsbecausetheycan’tusesoundtocommunicatewiththem.B．Alltheplantscanmakenoiseswiththeirroots.C．Onlychilliplantscantellifaneighbouringplantishelpfulorunfriendly.D．Whensomeplantsmakeclickingnoises，perhapstheysuggestdroughtiscoming.答案D4．Whatcanplantsdothroughthe“woodwideweb”？A．Theycanbuilda“firewall”tohelppreventattacks.B．Theycanstealfoodfromeachother.C．Smallplantscansendfoodtobiggerones.D．Theycanusepoisonstoattacktheinsects.答案BActivity2深层理解1．Thetextislikelytoappearin.A．anewspaperadvertisementB．ahistorytextbookC．asciencemagazineD．aguidebook答案C2．Thewritingstyleofthepassageis.A．NarrationB．ArgumentationC．ExpositionD．Description答案C3．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．Plantscanreleasechemicalsfromtheroots.B．Plantscanreleasechemicalswhenattacked.C．Chemicalsfromsomeplantsdestroytheotherplants.D．Scientistsfindthemethodofgrowingcropswithoutpesticides.答案B4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?①＝paragraph1②＝paragraph2③＝paragraph3④＝paragraph4⑤＝paragraph5⑥＝paragraph6A．①/②/③④⑤/⑥B．①②/③④⑤/⑥C．①②③/④⑤/⑥D．①/②③④⑤/⑥答案BActivity1课文语法填空Scientistsarelearningthesecretwaysinwhichplants“talk”toeachother.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicals1.tocommunicate(communicate)witheachother.When2.attacked(attack)byinsects，theplantreleaseschemicalsfromtheleavesthat3.arebeingeaten(eat)．Thisislike4.awarning.Whenanotherplantdetectsthechemicals，itstartstorelease5.its(it)own，differentchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.6．Surprisingly(surprising)，plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater,7.indicating(indicate)droughtisarriving.Mostsurprisinglyofall，plantshavean8.amazing(amaze)systemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Itiscalledthe“woodwideweb”，9.whichisinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.Usingthe“woodwideweb”，plantscanshareinformationandevenfood10.witheachother.Activity2长难句理解1．Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy，newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing：itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.[句式分析]此句是一个复合句，with复合结构(with＋代词＋doing)作状语，believing作宾语补足语，that引导的从句为宾语从句；itappearsthat句型中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。[自主翻译]我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。2．Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.[句式分析]此句是一个复合句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。[自主翻译]人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。3．Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater，indicatingdroughtisarriving.[句式分析]此句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句，indicating...作伴随状语。[自主翻译]还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。Ⅰ.阅读理解AWoulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat，likeanimals，treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?ProfessorSimardformUniversityofBritishColumbiaexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest，Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.AsfarasSimardisconcerned，actuallytheoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheircooperation，passingaroundnecessarynutrition(营养)“dependingonwhoneedsit”．Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfunginetworks，makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains，andwhenonetreeisdestroyed，itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”，usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshow“mothertrees”passonthewealthtothenextgeneration，transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed，wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit，”Simardsayssadly.“Treesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforetheydie，butwenevergivethemchance.Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry，wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西玛德教授发现树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，它们之间是相互依存的。1．WhichstatementwouldSimardagreewith?A．Treessupporteachother.B．Treescompetefornutrition.C．Treesprotecttheirownwealth.D．Treescooperatewiththefittest.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“treessurvivethroughtheircooperation，passingaroundnecessarynutrition(营养)‘dependingonwhoneedsit’”可知，西玛德认为树木之间会互相支持。故选A项。2．Whyarethenetworksofneuronsinbrainsmentionedinparagraph3?A．Toexplaintheimportanceoffunginetworks.B．Tointroducethefunctionofneuronnetworks.C．ToillustratehowNitrogenandcarbonareshared.D．Toshowhowtheforestecologicalsystemworks.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，本段提到大脑中的神经元网络是为了展示森林生态系统是如何运作的。故选D项。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Howyoungtreessurvive.B．Howtreesgrowold.C．How“treesocieties”work.D．Howforestryindustrydevelops.答案C解析代词指代题。根据画线词上文的“withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex‘treesocieties’orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed”可知，it指的是“treesocieties”的运作方式。故选C项。4．WhatdoesSimardcallonpeopletodo?A．Protecttreesocieties.B．Cutdownoldesttrees.C．Getnutritionfromnature.D．Improveourenvironment.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，西玛德号召人们保护树木之间的社会关系。故选A项。BManybirdshaveshrunkinsizeasthetemperatureshaveincreasedduringthepast40years.Andthereductioninbodysizeissocommonthatscientistshavesuggesteditmaybeauniversalresponsetowarmingconditions.However，anewstudy，publishedinEcologyLetters，indicatesthatnotallbirdsareequallyaffectedwhenitcomestoreductionsinbodysize.Birdswithbiggerbrainsrelativetobodysizehavenotshrunkasmuchasthosewithsmallerbrains.StudyleadauthorJustinBaldwinsaid，“Astemperatureswarm，bodysizesareshrinking.Butlarger-brainedspeciesareshrinkinglessstronglythansmall-brainedspecies.”Theresearchersanalyzedinformationonsome70,000birdsthatdiedwhentheycollided(碰撞)withbuildingsinChicagobetween1978and2016.Theyfoundthatbirdswithverybigbrainsrelativetobodysizehaveshownonlyaboutone-thirdofthereductioninbodysize.“Relativebrainsizeisrelatedtoincreasedlearningability，increasedmemory，longerlifespansandmorestablepopulationdynamics，”saidBaldwin.“Inthiscase，abigger-brainedspeciesofbirdmightbeabletoreducetheinfluenceofclimatechangebyseekingouthabitatswithcoolertemperatures，forexample.”“Oneofthefirstthingsthatjumpouttomefromthesefindingsisthatwecanalreadyseethatclimatechangeishavingamuchstrongereffectonspeciesthathavepoorerabilitytodealwithenvironmentalchangethroughtheirbehavior，”saidProfessorBoteroatWashingtonUniversity.NorthAmericahaslostnearlyone-thirdofitsbirdlifeinthelasthalf-century.Thefindingsofthisrecentstudy，therefore，areveryimportanttobirdmanagementandprotection.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，大脑较大的鸟类能更好地应对气候变化。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrunk”meaninparagraph1?A．Increased. B．Indicated.C．Decreased. D．Affected.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线单词后句“Andthereductioninbodysizeissocommon...”可知，本段内容阐述的是鸟类的体型缩小可能是对气候变暖做出的反应，由此可知，画线单词表示许多鸟类的体型都缩小了，“decrease”意为“(使大小、数量等)减少，减小”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。6．WhichstatementdoesJustinBaldwinagreewith?A．Climatechangehasthesameeffectonbirdsindifferentbrainsizes.B．Allbirdsarenotequallyaffectedwhenitcomestoreductionsinbodysize.C．Birdswithsmallbrainsareshrinkinglessstronglythanoneswithlargeones.D．Relativebrainsizeisonlyconnectedwithenhancedlearningabilityandmemory.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，贾斯汀·鲍德温认为当涉及体型的缩小时，并非所有鸟类都受到同样的影响。故选B项。7．Whatarethefindingsoftherecentstudyvitalfor?A．Findingcoolerhabitats.B．Conservingandsavingbirds.C．Reducingtheimpactofclimatechange.D．Ensuringmorestablepopulationdynamics.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Thefindingsofthisrecentstudy，therefore，areveryimportanttobirdmanagementandprotection.”可知，这项最新研究的发现对鸟类管理和保护非常重要。故选B项。8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Climatechangemakesbirdsfewer.B．Brainsizeincreasesmakelifespanslonger.C．Humanscanprotectbirdsbetterinthefuture.D．Bigbrainshelpbirdscopewithclimatechangebetter.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第五段关键句“Inthiscase，abigger-brainedspeciesofbirdmightbeabletoreducetheinfluenceofclimatechangebyseekingouthabitatswithcoolertemperatures，forexample.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究发现，大脑较大的鸟类能更好地应对气候变化，它们能够通过寻找温度更低的栖息地来减少气候变化的影响，故选D项。CEndangeredpolarbearsarebreeding(繁殖)withgrizzlybears(灰熊)，creating“pizzly”bears，whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange，scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins，starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth，wheretheymeetgrizzlies，whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids(杂交种)．Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats，somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay.“Usually，hybridsaren’tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents，butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources，”LarisaDeSantis，anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity，toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly”bearsappearswithpolarbears’decline:theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears’ranges，wheretheyoutcompetethem，butalsotopolarbears’highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod，apreviousperiodofrapidwarming，”DeSantissaid，referringtofatmealssuchasseals.“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources，likeseabirdeggs，itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”Actually，thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover，leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“We’rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies，”DeSantissaid.“Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense，‘pizzly’bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarmingtrends.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。9．Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A．Tocreatehybrids.B．Toexpandterritory.C．Torelievehunger.D．Tocontactgrizzlies.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins，starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth”可知，北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C项。10．Whatmakes“pizzly”bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A．Broaderhabitats.B．Morefoodoptions.C．Climatepreference.D．Improvedbreedingability.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources”可知，更多的食物选择让“小灰熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B项。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inparagraph5referto?A．Acriticalstage.B．Ararechance.C．Apositivefactor.D．Aconstantchange.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，事实上，它们从这些食物中获得的热量并不能抵消它们在寻找这些食物时消耗的热量。这可能导致一个栖息地被“小灰熊”接管，结合画线部分所在句，atippingpoint应理解为“转折点”，相当于acriticalstage(关键阶段)。故选A项。12．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.B．Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.C．“Pizzly”bearshavereplacedpolarbearsforglobalwarming.D．“Pizzly”bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据前两段内容和倒数第二段最后一句可知，由于全球变暖，“小灰熊”的数量正在上升。故选D项。Ⅱ.七选五OvercomeCultureShockintheClassroomCultureshockoccursinaclassroomwhenstudentsareexposedtoanewsituation.1However，itcanalsohappentostudentsmovingfromasmalltowntoalargecity，tohome-schooledstudentsstartingformalschooleducationortostudentsprogressingfromonelevelofeducationtoanother.Thereareseveralstrategiesthatteacherscanusetohelpstudentsovercomecultureshock.Makegrouprules.Brainstorm(集体讨论)groupruleswiththeclassasawholetocreateasafespaceandgoodlearningenvironment.2Rulescouldincluderespectingdifferences，listeningwhensomeoneisspeakingandnotteasing，forexample.Provideapartner.Findapartnerforthenewstudentintheadjustmentperiod.3Agoodpartnerissomeonewhoisfriendly，outgoingandpatient.Thepartnershouldshowthenew