高中英语北师大版选择性必修三UNIT 9 Period 3　Topic Talk Lesson 1-Language Points

Period3TopicTalk&Lesson1—LanguagePointsⅠ.单词拼写1．Lifeislikeamarathonwherepersistenceisessentialifyouwanttosucceed.2．Theyoungfellowistryingtoprovehisinnocencebyjustifying(为……辩护)hiscrime.3．Wecaninferfromthepoemthatthepoethasastrongpassionforocean.4．Accordingtowhatthescholarsaid，itisnecessarytoreformforthebetterment(改善)ofpeople’slife.5．Johnhasanaturalcloneofhimself.Inotherwords，hehasatwinbrother.6．Myuncleboughtafakeantiquewhichwasartificially(人为地)madelikeanoldone.7．Heoncetookitforgrantedthathisparentswouldstaywithhimforever.8.Asidefromlanguage，onehastobreakotherbarriers(障碍)toadapttolivinginaforeigncountry.9．Thedetectivetriedtofindmorecluestosolvethecase，butinvain.10．Farmersareabusing(滥用)chemicalpoisonstokillpests，whichleadstoalargenumberofdeathsofbirds.Ⅱ.词形变化填空1．Thoughtheclerkdidn’thaveathletictalents，hesignedupfortheathleticsheldbyhiscompany.(athlete)2．Iaminterestedinphysicsandmydreamistobecomeaphysicistinthefuture.(physical)3．Intheinnovationcompetition，manystudentinnovatorsinventednewproductstomakelifemoreconvenient.(innovate)4．Themanhadaqueerideathathecouldswallowwholejujubes(枣子)toprotecthisteeth，onlytofinditimpossibletoswallowthemwholly.(whole)5．Thepoemprovokedstrongemotionssoastomovemetotears，butmybrothersaidIwastooemotional.(emotion)Ⅲ.完成句子1．当时他能想到的最好办法就是给他一些实用的建议。(动词不定式作表语)Thebestwayhecouldthinkofatthattimewastogivehimsomepracticaladvice.2．尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。(while引导让步状语从句)WhileIamwillingtohelp，Idon’thavemuchtimeavailable.3．我要说的一切都发自内心。我想让你知道这一点。(that引导定语从句)EverythingthatIamabouttosaycomesfromthebottomofmyheart.Iwantyoutoknowit.4．随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。(as引导时间状语从句)Astimewentby，Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.capabilityn．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能(capableadj.有能力的；足以胜任的)·havethecapabilitytodo/ofdoingsth有做某事的能力beyond/withinthecapability在能力范围之外/内·becapableof能够，有能力(1)Theboyhasnocapabilitytounderstand(understand)thefiction.Thatis，itisbeyondhiscapability.(2)(应用文写作之申请信)我英语流利，能和说英语的人自由交流。IamfluentinEnglishandcapableofcommunicatingwithEnglishspeakersfreely.calculatevt.计算，核算；估算；预测(calculationn．计算；预测calculatedadj.精心策划的)·Itiscalculatedthat...据估算……·becalculatedtodosth打算/旨在做某事(1)Accordingtothephysicist’scalculation(calculate)，theplanethasatwinbrotherwhichisnotvisiblemostofthetime.(2)Thisadventuremovieiscalculatedtoattract(attract)children.(3)据估算，这次去历史遗址的旅行要花掉我们1000美元。Itiscalculatedthatthistriptothehistoricsiteswillcostus$1,000.participantn．参加者，参与者(participatevi.参加，参与participationn．参加，参与)·participatein参加·participationin参与(1)Therearemorethan200participants(participate)runningthecross-countryrace.(2)Frommypointofview，itwasnottheprizebutparticipation(participate)thatreallycounted.(3)(应用文写作之活动介绍)许多有天赋的学生和音乐老师都参加了这个音乐节。Manytalentedstudentsaswellasmusicteachersparticipatedinthemusicfestival.(4)(应用文写作之倡议信)期待您支持并积极参与该项目。Lookingforwardtoyoursupportandactiveparticipationintheprogramme.comparisonn．比较，对照(comparev．比较；把……比作)·incomparisonwithsb/sth与……相比bycomparison比较起来·compareAwith/and/toB比较A和BcompareAtoB把A比作B(1)Incomparison(compare)withotherstudents，Mikeismorediligent，soheismorebrilliant.(2)Bycomparison，acloneanimalislikelytohaveamuchshorterlifespanthantheonefromwhichitiscloned.(3)Teachersareoftencomparedtogardenerswhonurturedifferentplantswithpatience.(4)(应用文写作之建议信)不要总是把自己和别人比较，因为每个人都有自己的优势。Don’talwayscompareyourselfwith/and/toothers，becauseeveryonehashisadvantages.accurateadj.准确的，正确的[accuracyn．精确(性)，准确(性)]·beaccuratein/at在……方面准确tobeaccurate准确地说·withaccuracy准确无误地(1)Mymathsteacheralwayssaysthatit’scrucialtobeaccurateincalculation.(2)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)Itossedastoneatthebear，whichhitthebeastontheheadwithgreataccuracy(accurate)．(3)准确地说，有198名来自不同学校的选手前来参加诗歌朗诵比赛。Tobeaccurate，thereare198participantsfromdifferentschoolscomingforthepoetryrecitingcontest.treatmentn．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式(treatvt.招待；对待；治疗n．乐事；款待)·undertreatment在治疗中·treatsbas...把某人看作……treatsbtosth招待；请(客)treatsbwith...以……对待某人(1)Aspirinisasimplebuthighlyeffectivetreatment(treat)．(2)Hesaidhewouldtreatmetoastimulatingdrama，butIdecidedtotreathisremarkasajoke.(3)(应用文写作之建议信)只有你有尊严地对待别人，别人才会尊重你。Onlyifyoutreatotherswithdignitywillothersshowrespecttoyou.anumberof许多；一些·eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agreat/large/smallnumberof,agreat/goodmany,quiteafew))＋可数名词复数·eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof))＋不可数名词·eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(alotof/lotsof,agreat/largequantityof,massesof,plentyof))＋可数名词复数或不可数名词·manya＋可数名词单数(谓语动词用单数)注意：(1)“anumberof＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多……；大量……”。(2)“thenumberof＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“……的数量”。(3)“largequantitiesof＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。(4)“largeamountsof＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。(1)(应用文写作之人物描写)Thegreatpoetwroteagreatnumberofpoemsallhislife.Itiscalculatedthatthenumberofhispoemsreachesuptomorethan30,000，agreatmanyofwhicharequitefamiliartous.(2)Largeamountsofwaterwere(be)pollutedbythefactory，soitwasfinedagreatdealofmoney.(3)(话题作文之节约粮食)由于许多学生点的餐远多于他们的实际所需，大量的食物被浪费掉了。Alargequantityoffoodiswastedbecauselotsofstudentsordermuchmorefoodthantheyactuallyneed.while引导让步状语从句教材原句Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement，othersraisemoralconcerns.尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。(P53)·本句中的while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，不和连词but连用。·作从属连词时还可引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时”。·作并列连词时，表示“然而，而”，表示两者的对比。一词多义(1)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)Whileonlinecoursesbringaboutmuchconvenience，theycauseworriesinparents.虽然，尽管(2)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)Somepeopleareinfavourofonlinecourses，whileothersholddifferentattitudestothem.然而，而(3)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)While(studentsare)havingonlinecourses，theyareeasilydistractedbyotherinformation.在……期间，当……时Ⅰ.一词多义boundA.adj.必定的B.adj.有义务的C.adj.装订好的D.vi.跳跃着跑1．Youarenotlegallyboundtoanswerthesequestions.B2．Pollycameboundingintotheroomholdingaletter.D3．Heboughtaboundvolumeofthemagazine.C4．Heisboundtosucceedinhisenterprise.AⅡ.熟词生义1．Thepeasantlabouredforamereincome.adj.微小的2．Agentlemanshouldalwaysbecivil，eventohisinferiors.n.下属3．Socialworkersdiscoveredthatthechildhadbeenabusedbyherfather.vt.虐待Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itiscalculatedthatthestrikeledtoalossofatleast5milliondollarsforthecompany.2．Aftermuchcalculation(calculate)，theyofferedhimthejobofajournalist.3．Howcanstudentsjustifyspending(spend)somuchtimeonoutdooractivities?4．Myattitudeisidenticalto/withyoursincloninghumanbeings.5．Convincedoftheaccuracy(accurate)ofthedata，thephysicistsstucktotheiropinion.6．Atthattime,132passengersandcrewwereaboardtheplanewhichwasboundforSanFrancisco.7.Wanderinginthevale，Iwasamazedatthebeautyofthegoldendaffodilsdancinginthebreeze.8．Thereasonwhychildrenlikejunkfoodsisthattheyaredelicious.9．JaneGoodalldevotedherlifetodoing(do)researchonchimpanzees.10．Areyouviewedasatrustedadvisorbyyourkeyclients？Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(bedevotedto，becapableof，beboundto，besuitablefor，incomparisonwith)1．QianXuesenwasdevotedtoChina’saerospaceindustry，forwhichhewillberememberedforever.2．Withenoughpreviousexperienceasatourguide，IthinkIamsuitablefortheposition.3．Thereasonwhysheisemployedisthatsheiscapableofdealingwithvariouscomplexsituations.4．Incomparisonwithhersister，sheismoretalentedindrawing.5．Yourdevotiontoyourjobisboundtomakeyoustandoutamongalltheclerks.Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——克隆技术的利与弊)1．最近，我们班就是否应该克隆人类进行了激烈的讨论。(whether...or...)Recentlyourclasshaveaheateddiscussionaboutwhetherweshouldclonehumansornot.2．虽然有些人认为它有利于医学研究，但另一些人认为它是不道德的。(while引导的让步状语从句)Whilesomepeoplebelieveitisbeneficialtomedicalresearch，othersthinkitimmoral.3．那些支持它的人认为，人们已经长期使用克隆技术来繁殖植物和其他动物，这对人类有好处。(havebeendoing...)Thosewhoareinfavorofitarguethatpeoplehavebeenusingcloningtechnologyforlongtoreproduceplantsandotheranimals，whichdoesgoodtohumanbeings.4．其他人坚持认为，如果克隆体仅仅被视为母体的副本，我们就不应该克隆人类。(insistthat...)Otherpeopleinsistthatweshouldn’tclonehumanbeingsiftheclonedonesareseenasmerecopiesoforiginals.5．如何使用它取决于人类，不是吗？(反义疑问句)Itdependsonmankindhowitcanbeused，doesn’tit?Ⅳ.阅读理解Scientistshavetransfused(输血)lab-maderedbloodcellsintoahumanvolunteerinaworld-firsttrialthatexpertssayhasmajorpotentialforpeoplewithhard-to-matchbloodtypesorconditionssuchassicklecelldisease.Theresearchcouldsomedaymeananendtolongsearchesforcompatibledonors(匹配的捐赠者)ordangeroustransfusionreactions.TheexperimentaltransfusionwasdoneatAddenbrooke’sHospitalinCambridge，England，aspartofajointeffortamongtheUKscientiststounderstandhowlab-madebloodtransfusionscouldwork.ThescientiststookwholebloodfromdonorsinaUKdatabaseandseparatedoutthestemcells.Thesearethebody’srawmaterials—thecellsfromwhichallspecializedcells，likearedbloodcell，cangenerate.Researchersgrewredbloodcellsfromthosestemcellsandtransfusedthemintotwohealthyvolunteers.Thetransfusionsinvolvedonlyatinyamountofblood:aboutoneortwoteaspoons.Astandardbloodtransfusionwouldinvolvemanyhundredtimesthatamount.Thisstageofthetrialinvolvestwominitransfusionsatleastfourmonthsapart，onewithastandarddonationofredcellsandtheotherwithlab-madecellsfromthesamedonor.Theresearchersarecloselymonitoringthevolunteerstodeterminewhethertheprocesswassafe.Theysaytherehavebeenwith“nounexpectedsideeffects”sofar.They’realsowatchinghowlongthelab-growncellslastcomparedwithaninfusionofstandardredbloodcells.Redbloodcellstypicallylastabout120days，butatransfusionfromastandarddonationcontainscellsthatareavarietyofagesbecausethebonemarrow(骨髓)continuouslymakesthesecells.Previoustestshaveshownthatmanufacturedcellsfunctionlikenormalcellsandthattheselab-madecellsarelikelytosurvivelongeroverallwhileincirculation.Thisstudywilldetermineforthefirsttimewhetherthat’strue.Furthertrialswillbenecessarytodeterminewhethertherecouldbeaclinicaluseofthislab-grownproduct.Theresearchcouldeventuallymakeadifferenceforpeoplewithsicklecelldisease，thosewhodevelopantibodiesagainstmostdonorbloodtypes，orthosewithgeneticdisordersinwhichtheirbodcan’tmakeredbloodcellsorthebloodcellstheymakedon’tworkwell.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们在世界上首次将实验室制造的红细胞输进一名人类志愿者体内，专家们认为这项试验对患有罕见血液病的人有巨大的潜力。1．Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiment?A．Toseekouthard-to-matchbloodtypes.B．Toenddangeroustransfusionreactions.C．TopromoteclosecooperationamongtheUKscientists.D．Toknowhowtotransfuselab-grownbloodeffectively.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这次实验的目的是了解如何有效地输入实验室培养的血液。故选D。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthelab-madecells?A．Theytypicallylastaboutfourmonths.B．Theyweregrownfromredbloodcells.C．Theydidunexpectedlycausesomesideeffects.D．Theyweretransfusedintoavolunteerinlargeamounts.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第五段中“They’realsowatchinghowlongthelab-growncellslastcomparedwithaninfusionofstandardredbloodcells.Redbloodcellstypicallylastabout120days”可知，实验室制造的细胞通常存活大约4个月。故选A。3．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheresearch?A．Indifferent. B．Disapproving.C．Suspicious. D．Favourable.答案D解析观点态度题。根据第一段中“Theresearchcouldsomedaymeananendtolongsearchesforcompatibledonors(匹配的捐赠者)ordangeroustransfusionreactions.”及最后一段中“Theresearchcouldeventuallymakeadifferenceforpeoplewithsicklecelldisease”可知，作者认为这项研究意义重大，所以持支持态度。故选D。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Lab-madecellsfunctionnormallyandarelikelytosurvivelongerincirculation.B．Lab-grownbloodcouldhaveenormouspotentialforpeoplewithrarebloodconditions.C．Longsearchesforcompatibledonorsanddangeroustransfusionreactionscanbeended.D．AnexperimentaltransfusionwasdoneatAddenbrooke’sHospitalinCambridge，England.答案B解析主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Scientistshavetransfused(输血)lab-maderedbloodcellsintoahumanvolunteerinaworld-firsttrialthatexpertssayhasmajorpotentialforpeoplewithhard-to-matchbloodtypesorconditionssuchassicklecelldisease.”可知，文章主要讲述科学家们在世界上首次将实验室制造的红细胞输进一名人类志愿者体内，专家们认为这项试验对患有罕见血液病的人有巨大的潜力。故选B。Ⅴ.完形填空(2023·江苏连云港高二期末)Onthefinaldayofmysecondyearofhighschool，Iwashitinthefacewithabaseballbat.Afterweeksinhospital，1，Ireturnedhomewithabrokennose.Thefollowingmonthswere2.Itfeltlikeeverythingwasonpause.AndIbecamepainfully3thatmyreturntobaseballwasnotsmooth.Afterayearofself-doubt，I4nottoletmyinjurygetmedown.Ifthingsweregoingtoimprove，IknewIwastheone5formakingithappen.WhenIbegancollege，I6gettingmylifeinorder.Whilemypeersstayeduplateandplayedvideogames，I7goodsleephabits.Inthe8worldofacollegedorm，Ikeptmyroomneatandtidy.These9wereminor，buttheygavemeasenseofcontrolovermylife.Istartedtofeel10again.Iimprovedmy11habitsandmanagedtoearnstraightA’s.Imadeitahabittoliftweights，andmybody12fromafeatherweight170toastrong200pounds.Changesthatseemsmallatfirstwillcontributeto13resultsifyoustickwiththemforyears.Mysleephabits，studyhabits，andstrength-traininghabits14.Sixyearsafterthe15，IwasnamedtotheAcademicAll-AmericaTeam.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在受伤后经历了从意志消沉到决心改变的心理过程，并得到了很好的结果。1．A.positively B．slightlyC．mercifully D．hopefully答案C解析幸运的是，作者在医院住了几个星期后，带着骨折的鼻子回到了家。mercifully幸运地。故选C。2．A.tough B．secureC．peaceful D．easy答案A解析由下文“Itfeltlikeeverythingwasonpause.”可知，作者出院后在家养伤的日子是难熬的。故选A。3．A.suspicious B．eagerC．aware D．resistant答案C解析根据下文“thatmyreturntobaseballwasnotsmooth”可知，作者痛苦地意识到自己不能顺利重返棒球场。故选C。4．A.hesitated B．determinedC．afforded D．failed答案B解析根据下文“nottoletmyinjurygetmedown”可知，作者决定改变自我怀疑、意志消沉的状态。故选B。5．A.admirable B．availableC．suitable D．responsible答案D解析如果情况将要好转，作者认为自己是那个有责任让它发生的人。故选D。6．A.agreedon B．focusedonC．endedup D．drewon答案B解析上文提到作者决定改变，所以作者上大学后专心使自己的大学生活井然有序。故选B。7．A.broke B．quitC．built D．rid答案C解析根据“While”表示对比可知，此处指作者养成了良好的睡眠习惯。故选C。8．A.harmonious B．noisyC．tolerant D．messy答案D解析上一句作者就睡眠问题和同龄人对比；这一句应该也是对比，指作者在脏乱的宿舍里保持自己的空间整洁。故选D。9．A.improvements B．contributionsC．additions D．arguments答案A解析上文讲作者养成好的睡眠习惯，保持自己的房间整洁，这样是在进步。improvement与第五空前的improve呼应。故选A。10．A.discontent B．confidentC．relaxed D．depressed答案B解析根据上文“buttheygavemeasenseofcontrolovermylife”可知，作者重新开始变得自信起来。故选B。11．A.study B．exerciseC．food D．sleep答案A解析根据下文“managedtoearnstraightA’s”可知，作者改进了自己的学习习惯。故选A。12．A.ranged B．preventedC．transformed D．protected答案C解析作者开始坚持举重后，体重从170磅变化到200磅。故选C。13．A.disappointing B．ordinaryC．contradictory D．remarkable答案D解析句意：如果你坚持多年，一开始看起来很小的改变将会带来非凡的效果。remarkable意为“非凡的，卓越的，不容小觑的”，与small对应，符合语境。故选D。14．A.tookoff B．paidoffC．caughtup D．spedup答案B解析根据下文“IwasnamedtotheAcademicAll-AmericaTeam”可知，作者的好习惯取得了成效，付出终有回报。payoff意为“得到回报”，符合语境。故选B。15．A.injury B．victimC．threat D．disability答案A解析文章一开始从受伤说起，叙述了作者受伤后从消沉到崛起的心路历程，此处指作者受伤六年后终于取得的成果。故选A。Ⅵ.语法填空Cloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.Itisawayofmaking1.exactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Cloningplantsisstraightforward