中考形容词副词知识点

形容词&副词学问点考点一、形容词1、概念：形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征，用来修饰名词或不定代词，常作定语、表语、宾补2、分类：〔1〕依据构成，可分为简洁形容词〔kind,boring…〕和复合形容词〔kind-hearted,hard-working〕〔2〕依据及所修饰的名词的关系，分为限定性形容词〔aFrenchdish,aChinesetable〕和描绘性形容词〔adeliciousdish,asmoothtable〕3、形容词的一般用法〔1〕形容词+名词，作定语—agoodgirl〔good作girl的定语〕〔2〕be/系动词+形容词，作表语—Itisgood./Itsoundsgreat.〔good说明it的状态和性质〕〔3〕表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语eg：awake,alone,alive,asleep,afraid,well,ill,frightened〔scared可作定语〕〔4〕动词+形容词(make/keep…adj.)，作宾补—Robotscanmakehumanslazy.〔humans是宾语，lazy作宾补〕〔5〕数量+表示长、宽、高、深、龄等形容词〔形容词后置〕eg：twometerslong,tencentimeterswide,twentyfeetdeep,28yearsold.〔6〕the+形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数—theold/young/rich/poor.〔7〕形似副词的形容词—lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,silly〔8〕以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人eg：exciting-excited,boring-bored,interesting-interested,moving-moved,tiring-tired,relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened,disappointing-disappointed★★特别的：pleasant令人开心的人或物，pleased人感到满足开心的〔9〕一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式eg：beglad/happy/pleasedtodosth.besorry/sad/suretodosth.beready/afraid/abletodosth.beeasy/difficulttodosth.〔10〕只能作定语的形容词eg：little,only,wooden,woolen,elder4、形容词的位置〔1〕形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前，作定语eg：anhonestboy,manybeautifulflowers…〔2〕多个形容词连用——先形态，后颜色，中间夹新旧，最终是材质eg：thisbignewredplasticpen①描绘性形容词：对某事物的总体评价②形态(大小,长短)：oval,square,rectangle,triangle,round…,big,small,long,short③新旧：new(young),old④颜色：red,blue,white,black,purple,pink,yellow,orange,green…⑤材料：woolen,wooden,stone,golden,leather,woolen…描绘性形容词形态〔大小，长短〕新旧颜色材料名词weaksmalloldmanbeautifullittlewhitestonebridgeprettybig,roundnewredwoodendesknicelongbluewoolensweater〔3〕adj./adv.+enough，enough后置eg：old/tall/quicklyenough〔4〕不定代词+形容词，作后置定语—somethingimportant〔5〕表语形容词作定语时，通常放在不定代词的后面，常用的是alive,awake,asleep等eg：Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthatnight./Youarethehappiestchildrenalive.5、形容词的常见句式〔1〕It’sadj.ofsb.todosth.表示“某人做某事…〞用法：这一句型中，用的是描绘行为者的性格、品质的形容词常见的有：nice-kind-good-polite,clever-foolish-lazy,careful-careless,right-wrong〔2〕It’sadj.forsb.todosth.表示“做某事对某人来说…〞常用的形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible考点二、副词1、概念：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词及整个句子的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等2、副词的分类〔1〕时间副词：now,early,then,soon,before,ago等〔2〕地点副词：home,here,there,out,above,below,outside,up,down,downstairs等〔3〕程度副词：very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too等〔4〕疑问副词：how,when,where,why等〔5〕关系副词：when,wherewhy〔放在引导的定语从句句首〕〔6〕连接副词：how,where,why,whether等〔引导宾语从句〕3、副词的一般用法〔1〕用作状语①修饰动词eg：HespeaksEnglishverywell.②修饰形容词eg：Youhaveaverynicewatch.③修饰其它副词eg：Youruntoofast./Youdiditprettywell.④修饰整个句子eg：Luckily,Hepassedtheexamsuccessfully./Suddenly,hefellintoariver.〔2〕用作后置定语eg：Thepeoplehereareveryfriendly./Theweatherabroadisdifferentfromours.〔3〕用作表语，主要限于少数地点或方位副词，时间副词以及其它副词〔in,out,on,off,up,down,over,around〕eg：Iamhome./He’llbebackintwominutes.〔4〕用作宾补eg：Isawhimout.4、副词的位置〔1〕通常放在被修饰的动词后面eg：Hepassedtheexameasily./Wefinishedthistasksuccessfully.〔2〕频度副词always,often,sometimes,usually,never,seldom常放在动词之前，be动词和情态动词之后eg：Hesometimesgotoschoolonfoot./Iseldomeatoutonschooldays.Heisoftenlateforschool.Shecanalwaysgotoschoolinacar.〔3〕程度副词放在被修饰的形容词之前eg：Heisverysadtohearthat./Theboyistooyoung.〔4〕修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps,maybe,first,now,sometimes,finally等常放在句首eg：Perhaps/Maybeyouareright.First,let’sbeginourclasswithasong.Now,letmetellyousomethingimportant.Finally,heappeared.〔5〕adv.+enough，enough后置eg：Ifyouhaveenoughtime,youcangonow.Herunsquicklyenoughtogetthereontime.〔6〕时间副词和地点副词一般在句尾，地点副词在时间副词前，时间副词也可放在句首eg：Theywenthomeyesterday./Yesterdayhewenthome.5、及物动词短语〔后面的物是人称代词you,him,her,it,them时，必需放中间〕away：takeaway,putaway,sendawaydown：takedown,writedown,putdownup：lookup,sendup,putup,dressup,ringup,giveupout：findout,wearout,sellout,tryout,takeouton：puton,tryon,turnonoff：turnoff,takeoff其它的：lookover,lookaround6、几个常用副词的区分〔1〕howlong/soon/often/far①Howlong问时间和物体的长短②Howsoon“多久，多块〞，用于一般将来时，用“in+时间段〞来答复③Howoften问做某事的频率，常用“once,twice,threetimes…〞来答复④Howfar问间隔的长短〔2〕hard/hardly①hard“努力地，仔细地〞，程度副词——workhard②hardly“几乎不〞，否认副词——Hecanhardlyseethewordsontheblackboard.〔3〕muchtoo/toomuch①muchtoo+adj./adv.原级，及toomany相对，中心词是tooeg：muchtoocold/Hefinishedhishomeworkmuchtooquickly.②toomuch+不行数名词，中心词时much——Hehastoomuchtime.toomuch也可作程度副词——Don’teattoomuch,it’sbadforyourhealth.〔4〕too,enough,so①too…to…表示否认的意思，太…而不能eg：Heistooyoungtogotoschool.②adj./adv.原级+enough+todo，足够…去…eg：Heissevennow,heisoldenoughtogotoschool.③so+adj./adv.原级+that+从句，如此…以致于…eg：Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.考点三、形容词和副词的区分1、形容词用法：系动词+形容词，形容词+名词eg：Heiscareful./Heisacarefulboy.2、副词用法：行为动词+副词eg：Thebottlecanbreakeasily.考点四、形容词和副词的三级：原级、比较级和最高级1、adj.&adv.的比较级和最高级的规则改变：〔1〕单音节形容词的比较级和最高级①一般末尾干脆加er和esteg：tall-taller-tallest,strong-stronger-strongest,long-longer-longest,hard-harder-hardest②以不发音的e结尾的形容词，在末尾干脆加r或steg：nice-nicer-nicest,late-later-latest,large-larger-largest③辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，去y加ier和iesteg：happy-happier-happiest,heavy-heavier-heaviest,easy-easier-easiest,healty-healthier-healthiest④以重读闭音节结尾的〔辅-元-辅〕形容词，且只有一个辅音字母，双写最终一个字母，再加er和esteg：fat-fatter-fattest,thin-thinner-thinnest,hot-hotter-hottest,big-bigger-biggest,red-redder-reddest〔2〕多音节形容词的比较级和最高级和以ly结尾的大多数副词：加more和(the)mosteg：handsome-morehandsome-(the)mosthandsome,beautiful-morebeautiful-(the)mostbeautifulslowly-moresolely-(the)mostslowly,friendly-morefriendly-(the)mostfriendly,quickly-morequickly-(the)mostquickly,clearly-moreclearly-(the)mostclearly其它常见词：interesting,difficult,important,popular,comfortable,necessary,successful,wonderful,attractive,dangerous,terrible,humorous,delicious,expensive,excited★特别的：early-earlier-earliest2、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级good,well-better-(the)best,bad,badly,ill-worse-(the)worst,many,much-more-(the)most,old-elder,little-less-(the)least,far-farther-farthest〔驾驭〕或further-furthest〔理解〕3、三级的用法〔1〕原级的用法：①只能修饰原级的有very,as,so,too,enough,quite等eg：Theoldmanistoooldtogoonwalking./Herunssoquicklythatnoonecancatchhim.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.②原级常用的句型构造a)as…〔形容词/副词原级〕as…表示“A和B的程度一样〞eg：Heisastallashisbrother./HerunsasquicklyasJim.b)notas/so…〔形容词/副词原级〕as…表示“A不如B…〞eg：Thatgirlisn’tas/sofatasAmy.Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.c)A…+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B表示“A是B的…倍〞eg：Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigasthisone.HerunstwiceasquicklyasJim.d)half+as+adj./adv.原级+as表示“…是…的一半〞eg：Hisapplesarehalfasmanyashissister’s.HerunshalfasquicklyasJim.e)less+adj./adv.原级+than表示“没有…adj./adv.〞eg：Sheislessbeautifulthanhersister.HerunslessquicklythanJim.〔2〕比较级的用法：①A+v.+比较级+than+B，表示“A比B…〞eg：JimistallerthanTom./Soccerismorepopularthantennis.②A+v.+倍数+比较级+than+B，表示“A比B…〞或“A比B…几倍〞eg：Thisballisthreetimesbiggerthanthatball.Herunstentimesfasterthanhisbrother.③A+v.+比较级+than+anyother+单数名词，或A+v.+比较级+than+theother+复数名词表示“A比同一范围内任何一人/物都…〞eg：Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinourclass.Shejumpshigherthananyotherstudent.=Shejumpshigherthantheotherstudents.④A+v.+the+比较级+ofthetwo，表示“A是两者中较…的〞eg：Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.⑤比较级and比较级，表示“越来越…〞〔moreandmore+多音节adj./adv.原级〕eg：Heisbecomingtallerandtaller.Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.⑥“the比较级，the比较级〞表示“越…,越…〞eg：Themore,thebetter.Theharderyoustudy,thehighergradesyouwillget.Themorewegettogether,thehappierwewillbe.⑦“疑问词+v.+比较级，Aor