铁道概论 课件6- 车站；7-运输

Station授课内容（英文）：第四章铁路车站

——车站是铁路运输生产的基地。是设有配线的分界点。铁路运输生产，除列车在区间运行一项外，其余均在车站进行。Chapter4Railway

StationThestationisthebaseofrailwaytransportation,anditisthedemarcationpointofthedistributionline.Railwaytransportproduction,inadditiontothetrainrunningintheinterval,andtherestarecarriedoutinthestation.

第一节

车站的基础知识

一、车站与区间1、车站——铁路办理客运、货运业务及运输组织作业的主要场所。设有车站线路、客货运设备等。2、区间——相邻两个车站间的一段铁路线路，一条铁路线路被车站划分为若干个区间4.1BasicknowledgeofstationIStationandintervalStation--themainplaceforthepassengertransportation,freighttransportationandtransportationorganizationwork.Withastationline,passengerandfreightequipmentetc.2IntervalInterval‑‑theintervalbetweenthetwoadjacentstationsofarailwayline,arailwaylineisdividedintoseveralsectionsofthestation.StationtrackMainlineSchematicdiagramoftheintermediatestationlayout3、车站与区间的划分①划分的意义：分清工作责任，保证行车安全。②车站与区间的分界线单线铁路：以进站信号机柱的中心线为界；双线铁路：两端分别以各正线的进站信号机柱和站界标柱的中心线为界。3DivisionofstationandintervalSignificanceofdivision:Workresponsibility,ensuretrafficsafety.Thedividinglineisbetweenstationandinterval.Singlelinerailway:thecentrallineofthestationsignal;Doubletrackrailway:bothendsoneachlinestopsignalcolumnandcolumnstationlandmarkcenterlinetotheworld.

二、车站的作用、分类1、铁路运输生产过程：出发→途中运行→到达2、车站的业务①货运业务：车站对货运人办理的货物运输的受理、承运、装车、卸车、保管、交付等各项作业的总称。②客运业务：车站对旅客办理的旅客运输的售票、候车、进站检票、上车、下车、出站验票、签证、退票等各项作业的总称。IIThefunctionandclassificationofthestation1Railwaytransportproductionprocess:departure→

runontheway→arrival.2Stationbusiness1)Freighttransportationbusiness:Generalacceptance,shipping,loadingandunloading,storage,deliveryandotheroperationsofthefreightstationforthetransportofgoods.

2)Passengertransportbusiness:Thestationforpassengersforpassengertransportticket,stop,waitingforthetrainandgetoff,ticketinspection,visa,refundandotheractivities.

③运转业务：分行车和调车两部分。调车：解体、编组、摘车、挂车、取车、送车、等各项作业的总称。3、车站的作用①对外，是铁路的窗口，与旅客、货主办理各项客货运输业务。②对内，是铁路运输生产基地。办理除列车在区间运行以外的各项运转作业。3)Runningbusiness:Sub-trafficandshuntingThegeneraltermofshunting:Disintegration,grouping,pick,trailer,takethecar,sendthecarandotheroperations.3StationfunctionExternalfunction:thewindowtotheoutside,todealwithtransportationofpassengersandcargotransportbusiness.Internalfunction:istheproductionbaseofrailwaytransport.Todealwithotheroperationsexcepttherunningofthetrainintheinterval.

4、车站的分类①按业务性质分类（对外）客运站——设于铁路枢纽内，专门办理客运业务的车站；货运站——设于铁路枢纽内，专门办理货运业务的车站，包括工业站、港口站、危险货物车站等专业性车站；客货运站——既办理客运业务，又办理货运业务的综合性车站。4Classificationofstations1)Accordingtothebusinessnatureoftheclassification(external)Passengerstation-locatedintherailwayhub,thestationdedicatedtothepassengertransportbusiness;Freightstation-locatedintherailwayhub,dedicatedtohandlingfreightstations,includingindustrialstations,portstations,dangerousgoodsstationsandotherprofessionalstations;Passengerandfreightstation---Notonlyforthepassengerbusiness,butalsoforthecomprehensivefreightbusinessstation.

②按作业性质分类（对内）中间站——设于区段内，主要办理列车的会让、越行、通过作业的车站；区段站——设于区段的分界点，主要办理列车的无调中转作业；（技术站）编组站——设于区段分界点或枢纽内，大量办理列车的中转作业（包括有调和无调）。③按车站担负的任务量、在铁路网中的地位分：特、一、二、三、四、五等站。2）Classificationaccordingtothenatureofoperations(internal):Intermediatestation-locatedinthesection,mainlydealingwiththepassingevents,trainovertaking,andtrainpassing;Sectionstation-thedemarcationpointofthesection,themainprocessingofthetransferofthetrainoperation;(TechnicalStation)Themarshalingstation,whichislocatedinthedemarcationpointorthejunctionofthesector,dealingwithalargenumberoftransferoperationsforthetrain(includingtheadjustmentandadjustment).3）Accordingtotheamountoftasksandthestatusoftherailwaynetwork,stationscanbedividedintoprincipalstation,thefirstclassstation,thesecondclassstation,thethirdstation,thefourthstation,andthefifthstation.

铁路区段：相邻两个技术站之间的铁路线路。铁路枢纽：大城市或大工业区附近，几条铁路线路交汇处，有多个专业性车站及其连接的联络线、线路所、专用线等技术设备组成的办理各项铁路运输业务的中心。Railwaysection:Arailwaylinebetweentwoadjacentstations.Railwayjunction:Nearthebigcityorlargeindustrialzones,severalrailwaylinesinterchange,thereareanumberofprofessionalstationsandtherailwaytransportservicecenterwhichiscomposedofthecontactline,connectinglines,speciallinesandothertechnicalequipment.三、车站股道、道岔编号及股道有效长1、主要股道（即车站线路种类）正线（不属于站线）——直接连通区间线路，与区间线路统称为正线。区间部分称为区间正线，站内部分称为站内正线。到发线——专门办理列车到、发作业的线路；调车线——供车列解体、编组并存放车辆的线路；牵出线——供列车解体、编组及转线等牵出使用的线路；货物线——专门办理货物装、卸车作业的线路；大站设于货场内。IIIStationtrack,turnoutnumber,andtheeffectivelengthofstationtrack1Themaintrack(i.e.stationlinetype)Themainline(donotbelongtothestation)-Directlyconnectsintervallines,Togetherwiththeintervallinereferredtoasthemainline.Intervalpartiscalledtheintervalline;theintra-stationpartiscalledintra-stationline.Arrivalanddeparturelines:lineisspecificallyusedfortrainarrivalanddeparture;Shuntingline:linefortraindisintegration,marshalingandvehiclestorage;Draw-outtrack:linefortraindisintegration,groupingandshunting;Cargoline:lineforcargoloadingandunloadingoperations;largestationislocatedintheyard.

机车走行线、检修线、禁溜线等。以上属站线范围段管线——各段专用并由其管理的线路。岔线——在区间或站内接轨，通向路内外单位的专用线路。特殊用途线——为保证行车安全而设置的安全线和避难线。Therearelocomotiverunningline,maintenanceline,forbiddensliplines.Theabovebelongtotherangeofstationline.Sectionline:eachsectionisinchargeofthededicatedline.Forkline:alineisintheintervalorinthestation,leadingtotheroadinsideandoutsidetheunitdedicatedline.Specialpurposelines:safetylinesandevacuationlinesforsafedriving.

2、股道编号：正线用罗马数字，站线用阿拉伯数字。（1）单线铁路车站股道编号：有靠近站舍的股道开始顺序编号。（2）双线铁路车站股道编号：分别从两条正线依次向外编号，下行正线一侧用单数，上行正线一侧用双数。Tracknumber:TheRomannumeralsareforthemainlineandtheArabicnumeralsareforthestationline.1)Singlerailwaystationtracknumber:tracknearthetrainstation

startssequencenumber.(2)Doublelinerailwaystationtracknumber:setcoderespectivelyfromtwomainlines,downsideusessingular,upwardlineusesdoubleside.ThroughpassengerstationStubendpassengerstationSchematicdiagramofpassengerstation1Stationbuilding2Overlinebridge3Platform4Machineline5leavingpassengertrainserviceyard

3、道岔编号：用阿拉伯数字编号。原则：由外而内，先主后次，依次编号，下行列车到达一端用单数，上行列车到达一端用双数。注意：（1）股道和道岔编号的作用是方便股道、道岔的使用和管理；（2）一个车站的每股道、每个道岔的编号必须是独立的，即不得有相同的编号。3Turnoutnumber:Arabiadigitalcode.Principle:fromoutsidetoinside,thefirstisafterthesecond,followedbynumbers;downtrainusesanoddnumberwhenitreachesoneend,uptrainusesanevennumberwhenitreachesoneend.Notice:1)Theroleoftrackandswitchnumberisforconvenientuseandmanagementoftrackandturnout;(2)Thenumberoftracksandpointsforeachstationmustbeindependent,thatis,thereshallnotbethesamenumber.

ThroatfigureofKstationswitchyardFreightyard

4、股道全长及有效长（1）股道全长——线路一端的道岔基本轨接头到另一端的道岔基本轨接头的长度。如为尽头式线路，则为道岔基本轨接头至车挡的长度。站内正线不另计全长。确定线路全长，主要是为了设计时便于估计造价，比较设计方案。

（2）股道有效长——线路全长范围内可以停留机车车辆，而不妨碍邻线正常行车部分的长度。4Tracklengthandeffectivelength①Tracklength:thelengthwhichisfromturnoutbasicrailjointofthelineendtothatoftheotherendoftheline.Instub-endlineit’sthelengthfromthebasicrailjointtothevehiclegear.Thefulllengthofthelinedoesn’tcountmainline.Confirmingthelinelengthismainlytofacilitatethedesignoftheestimatedcost,comparethedesigns.②

Effectivelengthoftrack:Locomotivevehiclescanstayinthelengthofthewholelinewithouthinderingtothenormalpartofthelengthoftheadjacentline.

股道有效长的确定因素：①警冲标；②出站信号机或调车信号机；③道岔的尖轨尖端（无轨道电路时）或道岔基本轨接头处的钢轨绝缘（有轨道电路时；）④车挡（尽头线路时）；设计线路有效长，主要根据线路作业量、用途及其连接形式而定。Factorsdeterminetheeffectivelengthoftrack:1)Warningmark;2)Theoutboundsignalortheshuntingsignal;3)Thetipoftherailturnout(notrackcircuit)orrailjointinsulationofbasicrailjoint(trackcircuit;)4)Thecarbumper(endline);5)Thedesignedcircuitiseffective,whichismainlybasedonthelineoperationanditsconnectionform.

Confirmationofeffectiveline

length

我国货物列车到发线有1050、850、750、650、550m等几种标准有效长。开行重载列车为主的铁路可采用大于1050m的到发线有效长度。一个车站的每一条到发线的有效长必须大于或等于规定的标准有效长。China'sfreighttrain'sarrivalanddepartureline

includes1050,850,750,650,550mandotherstandardeffectivelength.Railwaylinewithheavyhaultrainsmainlyusesarrivalanddeparturelinewhichismorethan1050m.Theeffectivelengthofeachstation'sarrivalanddeparturelinemustbegreaterthanorequaltothespecifiedstandardeffectivelength.

第二节中间站一、中间站的作用保证行车安全，提高铁路区段通过能力，为沿线城乡的客、货运服务。一个区间一般情况下，只允许运行一个列车。设置中间站即可缩短区间长度，增加区间数量，即增加了运行的列车数量。

二、中间站的主要任务调整列车运行，办理列车的通过、会让、越行和客货运业务。ITheroleofintermediatestationsItistoensuretrafficsafety,improvethecapacityoftherailwaysection,alongtheurbanandruralpassengerandfreightservices.Asectionundernormalcircumstances,onlyallowtheoperationofatrain.Settheintermediatestationtoshortentheintervallength,increasethenumberofintervals,whichincreasedthenumberoftrainsrunning.IIMaintaskoftheintermediatestationAdjustthetrainrunning,dealwithtraintransmitting,overtaking,yielding,andpassengerandfreightbusiness.4.2Intermediatestations

三、中间站的作业1、运转业务：接发列车及放行通过列车作业（主要作业），车辆的摘挂作业和货场、专用线取送车作业。2、客运业务：旅客乘降和行包的承运、保管、交付；3、货运业务：货物的承运、装卸、保管与交付。IIITheintermediatestationoperation

1Transmittingbusiness:receivingtrainsandreleasingthroughtrains(mainoperations),pickupoperationofvehicleanddeliveryvehicleoperationoffreightyardandspecial-purposeline

2Passengertransportbusiness:passengersboardingalightingandcarriage,insurance,deliveryofpackage

3Freightbusiness:thecarriage,handling,storageanddeliveryofgoods.

四、中间站的设备1、运转设备：列车到发线、货物装卸线、牵出线和调车线等；2、客运设备：为旅客服务的站房、站台、站台间的跨越设备（一般为平过道）和雨棚等；3、货运设备：为货运服务的货物站台、仓库、雨棚、堆放场、装卸机械及办公房屋等；4、信号及通信设备等。IVIntermediatestationequipment

1Transmittingequipment:arrivalanddeparturelines,cargoloadingandunloadinglines,pull-outlinesandshuntinglines;

2Passengerequipment:thestation,platform,platformacrossequipment(usuallyflataisle)andcanopyforpassengerservices;

3Freightequipment:cargoplatforms,warehouses,canopy,stackingyards,loadingandunloadingmachineryandofficehousesforfreightservices;

4Signalandcommunicationequipment.

五、会让站和越行站设于偏僻地区，专门用来提高线路通过能力而设置的车站。1、会让站：设于单线铁路上，主要办理列车的到发和会让及越行，也可办理少量的客货运业务。2、越行站：设于双线铁路上，主要办理同方向列车的越行业务。VYieldingstationandovertakingstation

Locatedinremoteareas,theyaredesignedtoimprovethelinethroughcapacity.

1Yieldingstation:locatedinsingle-trackrailway,themainprocessingcontentistodealwiththearrival,departure,yieldingandovertakingofthetrain,anddealwithsmallamountofpassengerandfreightbusinessaswell.

2Overtakingstation:locatedinthetwo-lanerailway,itmainlydealswithovertakingbusinessofthetraininthesamedirection.

第三节区段站——铁路网上牵引区段的分界点。主要任务：为邻接的铁路区段供应机车及更换乘务组；为无改编中转货物列车办理规定的技术作业；办理一定数量的货物列车解、编作业及客货运业务。4.3SectionstationThecut-offpointofrailwaytraction.Mainmissions:

Supplylocomotivesandreplacementofcrewsforadjacentsections

Providetechnicaloperationsfortheunregulatedtransittrainaccordingtotheprovisions;

Handleacertainnumberofgoodstrainsolution,compilationandpassengerandcargobusiness.

铁路主要货物列车种类：始发直达列车技术直达列车直通列车区段列车沿零摘挂列车小运转列车Maintypesofrailwayfreighttrain:ThroughtrainoriginatedfromoneloadingpointTechnologydirecttrainThroughtrainSectiontrainDistrictlocaltrainSmalloperatingtrain

一、区段站的作业1、客运业务：项目与中间站基本相同，作业量较大。2、货运业务：项目与中间站基本相同，作业量较大。3、运转业务（1）客运列车运转业务：旅客列车的接发及管内和市郊旅客列车的始发、终到作业。（2）货运列车运转业务：大量的无调中转列车作业（主要是接发列车作业）；列车的解体、编组作业；向货场、专用线、专用铁道取送车作业。ISectionstationoperations

1Passengerbusiness:theprojectisbasicallythesamewiththeintermediatestationwithalargeramountofwork.

2Freightbusiness:theprojectisbasicallythesamewiththeintermediatestationwithalargeramountofwork.

3Transmittingbusiness

(1)Passengertrainoperations:Passengertrainreceiving,andthedepartureandarrivalofpassengertrainsinandoutofthecity.(2)Freighttrainoperation:alargenumberofunregulatedtransittrainoperations(mainlyarrivalanddepartureoftrainsoperations);traindisintegration,marshalingoperations;deliveryvehicleoperationsofthefreightyard,speciallines,specialrailway

4、机务业务：机车的运用、检修和整备作业和机车挂运与换挂。5、车辆业务：列车中车辆的技术检查和车辆的检修作业。4Maintenanceservice:Theapplicationandmaintenanceoflocomotiveandlocomotiveservicingandtransportationandhanging.5Vehicleoperations:technicalinspectionofvehiclesinthetrainandvehiclemaintenanceoperations.

二、区段站的设备1、客运业务设备：项目与中间站相同，规模较大，跨线设备可设天桥或地道。2、货运业务设备：货场及货场内货物装卸线、货物站台、雨棚、仓库、装卸机械等。3、运转设备：旅客列车到发线、货物列车到发线、驼峰、调车场、牵出线等。4、机务设备：机务段或折返段（属于机务部门设置，为运转服务）；5、车辆设备：站修所和列检所，个别区段站设有车辆段（均属车辆部门设置，为运转服务）。6、工务、电务、给水及建筑设备等IISectionstationequipment

1Passengerbusinessequipment:theprojectisthesamewithintermediatestationwithalargerscale;cross-lineequipmentcanbelocatedoverpassortunnel.

2Freightbusinessequipment:freightyardhandlinglines,cargoplatform,canopy,storage,handlingmachinery.

3Transmittingequipment:departureandarrivallineofpassengerandfreighttrain,hump,shuntingyard,pull-outlineandsoon.

4Maintenanceequipment:Locomotivedepotorreentrantdepot(belongingtothemaintenancedepartmentsetuptransmittingservices);

5Vehicleequipment:stationrepairandinspectionInstitute,somesectionsaresetwiththedepot(thevehiclesectorsetsfortransmittingservices).

6Publicworks,electricity,watersupplyandconstructionequipment

upstreamCargoyardStationcircuitdiagramKstation134-departureandarrivallineII-Mainline5678-shuntingline910-repairtrackinstation1113-leadtrack12–cargoline机1–Locomotiverunningline机2、机3–servicingsiding机4–Oilunloadingline

三、区段站布置图（一）设备配置的基本原则（方便业务、减少干扰、缩短行程、增加平行作业进路）1、客运站舍及基本站台应设于城镇一侧；旅客列车到发线应尽量靠近站舍和正线。以便于客流组织和旅客列车的到发。2、货物列车到发场紧靠旅客列车到发线。3、调车场应紧靠到发场，以缩短车列转线的行程，减少与其他作业的干扰。IIISectionstationlayout1Thebasicprinciplesofequipmentconfiguration(tofacilitatebusiness,reduceinterference,shortentheitinerary,increasetheparalleloperationsapproach)

1)Passengerstationandthebasicplatformshouldbelocatedinthetownside;thedepartureandarrivallineofpassengertrainshouldbeclosetothestationhouseandthemainlineinordertofacilitatethearrivalofpassengerfloworganizationandpassengertrain.

2)Thedepartureandarrivallineoffreighttraintothehairfieldshouldbeclosetothedepartureandarrivallineofpassengertrain3)Shuntingyardshouldbeclosetothedepartureandarrivalfieldinordertoshortenthetrainlinetriptoreducetheinterferencewithotheroperations.

4、机务段设于到发场的某一端，以缩短机车出入段的行程。5、货场应尽量设于城镇的同侧，并靠近调车场，以利于货主搬运货物，并尽量方便货物作业车的取送。6、站修所或车辆段设于调车场附近，以缩短检修车的行程。4)Thelocomotivedepotislocatedinoneendofthefieldtoshortenthelocomotivetrip.

5)Theyardshouldbelocatedinthesamesideofthetown,andclosetotheyardinordertofacilitatetheownertocarrythegoods,andtofacilitatethedeliveryofgoods.

6)Stationrepairordepotshouldbelocatedclosetotheshuntingyardtoshortenthemaintenancetrip.

（二）区段站的基本布置图按各车场位置关系归纳为：横列式：上下行货物列车到发场为横向排列。纵列式：上下两个到发场分设在正线两侧并纵向完全错开。客货纵列式：将旅客运转设备与货物运转设备沿正线顺列布置。IIBasiclayoutofsection

stationAccordingtothelocationrelationshipbetweenthedepots:Horizontaltype:upanddowngoodstraintothedepartureandarrivalfieldinthehorizontalarrangement.Longitudinaltype:upanddowndepartureandarrivalfieldsarelocatedonbothsidesofthemainlineandverticallycompletelystaggered.Passengerandfreightlongitudinaltype:thepassengerandcargotransmittingequipmentarearrangedinsequencealongthemainline.

第四节编组站编组站是指在铁路网上办理大量货物列车解体、编组作业，并为此设有比较完善的调车设备的车站。一、编组站的主要任务1、解体和编组各种类型的货物列车（主要任务，编组站有货物列车制造工厂之称）；2、开行小运转列车，组织和取送本地区的车流；3、客货运业务；4、向各连接的区段供应列车动力；5、车辆的检修。Themarshalingstationistohandlealargenumberofgoodsinrailwaynetworktraindisintegration,marshalingoperation,whichhasrelativelyperfectshuntingequipment.I.MaintasksofMarshalingStation1Disintegrationandmarshalingofvarioustypesofcargotrains(Maintask:themarshalingstationcanalsobecalledasthegoodstrainmanufacturingplant)2Theoperationofasmalloperationofthetrain,theorganizationandaccesstotheareaoftraffic.3Passengerandfreightbusiness4Supplytraindynamicstoallconnectedsegments5Vehiclemaintenance5.4MarshallingStation

downShuntingfieldDeparturefieldArrivalfieldLocomotivedepotArrivalanddeparturefield

二、编组站的主要作业1、运转业务①列车到达作业；②列车解体作业；③列车编组作业；④列车出发作业；⑤向货场、专用线、专用铁道取送车辆。（主要作业）2、客货运业务（专业性编组站不办理该项业务）3、机务业务4、车辆业务II.MainoperationofMarshalingStation1Runningbusiness1)Trainarrivaloperation2)Traindisintegrationoperation3)Trainformationoperation4)TrainStartingoperation2Deliveryvehiclestotheyard,specialline,specialrailway3Passengerandfreightbusiness(Professionalmarshalingstationdoesnot

handlethebusiness)

4Maintenanceservice

5Vehiclebusiness

三、编组站的主要设备1、运转设备（1）调车设备：调车驼峰、编组场、牵出线，这是编组站的核心设备；（2）行车设备：货物列车出发场、到达场、到发场；2、客货运设备3、机务设备：一般在编组站均设有大型机务段；4、车辆设备：一般均设有车辆段及其派出的列检所、站修所。III.MainequipmentofMarshalingStation

1OperatingequipmentShuntingequipment:shuntinghump,marshalingyard,holdoutlet,thisisthecoreequipmentofmarshalingstationDrivingequipment:freighttraindeparture,arrivalfield,departureandarrivalline2Passengerandfreighttransportequipment3Maintenanceequipment:Generallythereisalargedepotinmarshalingstation4Vehicleequipment:ingeneral,itisprovidedwithavehiclesectionandalistofinspectionstations.

四、编组站布置图及分类1、编组站分类方法（1）按改编系统数分为：单向编组站、双向编组站；（2）按各车场间的排列方式分为：

横列式：上下行到发场与调车场横向排列；

混合式：主要车场（D、B）纵向排列，部分车场横向排列；

纵列式：D、B、F为顺向排列。“几级几场”：“级”指车场排列形式，“场”指车场。IVLayoutandclassificationofmarshalingstation1Classificationmethodsofmarshalingstation①Accordingtothenumberofadaptationsystem,itisdividedintotwotypes:one-waymarshalingstation,two-waymarshalingstation.②Accordingtothearrangementofpointsfortheyard,therearethreetypes.Rowtype:HorizontalarrangementofShuntingyardandup-downarrivalanddepartureyardMixedtype:themaindepot(D,B)isarrangedvertically,partsofdepotarehorizontallyarrangedTandem:D,B,Ffortheconsequentarrangement"xxxstagesandxxxfield":“stage”referstotheyardarrangement,"field"referstotheyard

2、编组站布置图基本类型六种：即单向横列式、单向纵列式、单向混合式双向横列式、双向纵列式、双向混合式3、车流在“三级三场”式的编组站的作业流程（1）有调车流：到达技检、驼峰解体、编组集结、尾部编组、出发技检。（2）无调车流：出发技检。2. BasictypesofmarshalingyardlayoutSixtypes:singlerowtype,one-waytandem,one-waymixedtypedoublerowtype,two-waytandem,bidirectionalhybrid3. Operationflowofwagonsin"threestageandthreefield"marshalingstation1)Regulatedtrafficflow:Arrivaloftechnicalinspection,dismantlinghump,marshalingassembly,tailmarshaling,startingtechnicalinspection.2)Non-regulatedtrafficflow:Startingoftechnicalinspection

Unidirectionalthreestageandthreefieldlongitudinalmarshalingstationdiagram

Unidirectionallongitudinalmarshalingstationdiagram1Arrivalfield2Marshalingfield3Departureandthroughfield5cardepot4Locomotivedepotconfigurationschemearranged

jointlywithcardepot6Locomotivedepot7Hump8Conditioningequipment

五、调车设备（一）调车工作1、调车：在车站内，除列车运行外机车车辆一切有目的的移动。2、调车的种类（1）按调车设备的不同分：牵出线调车、驼峰调车。（2）按调车的目的分：取送调车、摘挂调车、解体调车、编组调车、转场调车。（3）按调车作业方式分：推送调车法、溜放调车法。

VMarshalingfacilitiesShuntingworkShunting:Alllocomotivevehicles’purposefulmovesinthestationarecalledshuntingexceptfortrainrunning.2.Typesofshuntingwork①

Accordingtodifferentshuntingequipment,theyaredividedintotwotypes:Pull-outshunting,humpshunting②

Accordingtothepurposeofshunting,theyaredividedintofivetypes:taking-outandplacing-inshunting,detachingandattachingofcars,disintegrationshunting,marshalingshunting,shuntingtransition③Accordingtotheshuntingoperationmode,theyaredividedintotwotypes:push-pullshunting,flyshuntingmethod授课内容（英文）：第一章铁路运输组织第一篇铁路客流组织与货运组织第一章铁路客流组织第二章铁路货流组织Part3RailwayTransportWorkingGroupRailwaypassengerorganizationandfreightorganizationChapter1

RailwaypassengerorganizationChapter2Railwayfreightorganization

第一章铁路运输组织第一节铁路旅客运输的意义和特点第二节客流和旅客列车的分类第三节铁路旅客运输的组织机构第四节客流调查与旅客运输计划

Chapter1Railwaypassengerorganization1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganization1.2Classificationofpassengerandpassengertrains1.3Organizationofrailwaypassengertransport1.4Passengerflowsurveyandpassengertransport

plan

第一节铁路旅客运输的意义和特点

旅客运输是整个铁路运输工作的重要组成部分，它的基本任务是：1、满足广大人民的旅行需要；2、安全、迅速、准确、便利地运送旅客和行李、包裹、邮件；3、保证旅客在旅行途中舒适愉快并获得文化生活上的良好服务。

1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganizationPassengertransport

Passengertransportisanimportantpartofthewholerailwaytransportation,anditsbasictaskistoMeettheneedsofthepeople'stravel;Safe,rapid,accurateandconvenienttransportationforpassengers,luggage,parcels,andmail;Ensurethepassengerstohaveacomfortandpleasurejourneyandobtainthegoodserviceinculturallife.

第一节铁路旅客运输的意义和特点“八五”期间，我国铁路客运量和客运周转量分别增长了8.5％和35.7％，而同期铁路货运量和货运周转量分别增长8.9％和21.1％；客运列车密度增长16.4％，而同期货运列车密度增长10.0％；繁忙区段旅客列车占用的通过能力已超过货物列车，如京沪线的沪常段，客货列车占用的通过能力之比为56.8:43.2；全路客运和货运收入之比从1:2.45上升到1:1.77，部分铁路局出现运输收入客大于货或客货基本持平。这些情况表明，旅客运输在铁路运输中的重要性正在增强，预计未来铁路客运量和客运周转量的增长幅度将大于货运。因此，大力发展铁路客运，是我国铁路发展的客观要求。

DuringtheperiodoftheEighthFive-YearPlan,railwaypassengervolumeandpassengerturnoverincreasedby8.5%and35.7%respectively,whilerailwayfreightvolumeandfreightturnoverincreasedby8.9%and21.1%respectively;passengertraindensityincreasedby16.4%,atthesameperiodfreighttraindensityincreased10.0%;busysection’spassengertrainoccupancycapacityhasexceededthegoodstrains,suchasHuchangsectionofBeijing-Shanghailine,passengerandfreighttrainoccupancycapacityratiowas56.8:43.2;thewholepassengerandfreightrevenueincreasedfrom1:2.45to1:1.77,passengertrains’transportrevenueofsomeRailwayBureausisgreaterthanthatofcargo.Theseindicatethattheimportanceofpassengertransportinrailtransportisincreasingandthatthegrowthinpassengertrafficisexpectedtooutpacefreightmovementsinthefuture.Therefore,thedevelopmentofrailwaypassengertransportisanobjectiverequirementforthedevelopmentofrailwaysinChina.1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganization

第一节铁路旅客运输的意义和特点

铁路旅客运输工作性质和组织原则与货物运输的区别：1、旅客运输的主要服务对象是广大旅客，其次是行李、包裹和邮件。2、旅客运输需求的时空不均衡性。3、旅客列车的编组一般是固定的，其始发、终到站以及到、发和途中运行的时刻也是固定的。4、旅客车辆（包括餐车、行李车）一般都是按铁路局固定配属于各客运车辆段。

1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganizationThenatureandorganizationprincipleoftherailwaypassengertransportandthedifferencebetweenpassengerandfreighttransportation.①Themainserviceobjectofpassengertransportisthevastnumberofvisitors,followedbyluggage,parcelsandmail②Timeandspaceimbalanceofpassengertransportdemand③Thecompositionofthepassengertrainisgenerallyfixed,itsorigin,theendofthestation,thearrival,thedeparture,andtheruntimeisfixed.④

Passengervehicles(includingdiningcar,luggage)generallybelongtothepassengervehiclesegmentaccordingtotheRailwayBureau.

第一节铁路旅客运输的意义和特点5、旅客运输计划只有年度的客运量计划和客运机车和客车车底的运用计划，平时只依据节、假日客流调查资料所编制的重点节、假日计划，来调整年度的客运量计划和机车车辆运用计划，6、客运站的位置要求紧靠城市，并且要与市内运输及其他各种交通工具有密切的配合。7、选择旅客列车的重量标准、速度和密度时，要进行综合比较。

⑤Passengertransportplanonlyincludestheannualpassengertrafficplansandtheuseofpassengerlocomotivesandpassengercarplans.Atusualtime,itisonlyonthebasisoffestival,holidaytrafficsurveydatatoadjusttheannualpassengervolumeplanandlocomotiveandrollingstockutilizationplan.⑥Thelocationofthepassengerstationisclosetothecity,anditiscloselycombinedwiththecity'stransportationandotherkindsoftransportation.⑦Whenselectingtheweightstandard,speedanddensityofthepassengertrain,acomprehensivecomparisonismade.1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganization

第一节铁路旅客运输的意义和特点铁路旅客运输必须遵循的几项原则：1、从国家整体利益出发，认真执行党和国家的各种方针政策。2、保证旅客运输安全。3、不断提高旅客运输服务质量。4、发挥铁路的整体优势，贯彻“保证重点，照顾一般”和“客货兼顾”的方针。5、发展铁路与各种交通工具的联合运输。1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganizationSeveralprinciplesmustbefollowedinrailwaypassengertransport:Startingfromtheoverallinterestsofthecountry,weshouldconscientiouslyimplementthepartyandthecountry'svariouspolicies.Ensurethesafetyofpassengertransport.ContinuouslyimprovethequalityofpassengertransportserviceToplaytheoveralladvantagesoftherailway,wemustcarryout"toensurethekey,takecareofgeneral"and"