2023年人教版中考英语语法复习讲义定语从句

定语从句定语从句的概念。在主从复合句中，放在名词或代词后面作定语的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系词，又称引导词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why。定语从句的结构。关系代词关系代词Afriendissomeonewhoyouknowwellandlikespendingtimewith.先行词先行词关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。关系代词的用法。关系代词指代对象所作成分that人或物主语或宾语which物主语或宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语关系代词的用法规则。一般情况下，that既可指人又可指物，可以替代who,whom和which，在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语。关系代词作谓语动词的宾语时可以省略。如果紧跟在介词后作介词的宾语，不能用that，只能用whom或which，且不能省略。who在从句中既可以作主语又可以作宾语；whom只能做宾语。whose在从句中作定语。例句如下：HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。（主句Heisnotatrueman.是主系表结构。whodoesnotreachtheGreatWall是定语从句，who是关系代词，指代先行词He，在定语从句中作主语）IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。（先行词theday指时间，关系词在定语从句中作介词on的宾语，应用which）YesterdayIsawafilmwhosenameisMulan.昨天我看了一部名叫《木兰》的电影。（先行词film指物，与后面的名词name为所属关系，应用whose，在定语从句中作定语）先行词指物时，关系词只能用that的情况。先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词，关系词只能用that。例句如下：Allthatglittersisnotgold.发光的并不都是金子。先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，关系词只能用that。例句如下：ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that。例句如下：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.我应该做的第一件事就是复习功课。先行词前面有all,any,no等修饰时，关系词只能用that。例句如下：IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，关系词只能用that。例句如下：Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆？先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词只能用that。例句如下：ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.我总是看到那个男人和他的狗站在门岗处。关系副词的用法。when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句如下：IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，常用于thereasonwhy…。例句如下：Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句如下：ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就读的学校。Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。定语从句随堂训练。DuFuisagreatChinesepoet__________hasbecomepopularwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.A.which B.whom C.who D.whoseThemovie__________IhaveseentwiceisTheWanderingEarth.A.who B.which C.where D.whenWhatareyoulookingfor?I’mlookingforthedictionary__________mybrothergavemelastmonth.A.that B.what C.who D.whomBeingblindissomething__________mostpeoplecan’timagine.A.that B.what C.who D.whichThehouse__________LuXunusedtoliveisnowamuseum.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.whoseWeallmissWuMengchao__________savedthousandsoflivesinhismedicalwork.A.which B.what C.who D.whomAtruefriendisaperson__________reachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.A.whom B.whose C.who D.whichThebook__________coverhasabeautifulpictureisLily’s.A.which B.whose C.that D.whatIndifficulttimes,therearealwaysnationalheroes__________stepupandbringpeoplehope.A.w