2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元加餐练习题含解析新人教版选修8

Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元加餐练Ⅰ.完形填空NolanBarry,8,andThomasMacKeen,9,wereontheirwayhomefromschoolinAtkinson,N．H.,withthreeotherstudentsTuesdaywhentheirridetooka__1__turn.Thedriversufferedamedicalemergencyand__2__，butthebuswasstillmoving.Nolanusuallysitsatthefrontofthebus,wherehecanseethedriver.BecauseofNolan's__3__，hewassomewhatfamiliarwiththebus__4__.Althoughheforgotwhichbuttontopress,hefigureditoutintime.Fortunately,Nolan__5__theemergencybraking(刹车)systemwhichalsoturnsontheflashingredlights,puttingthe__6__signandsafetybarout.Buttheyweren'toutofthewoodsyet;andtheycouldn'tfigureouthowtoopenthedoors.Thomaswastheoldeststudentonthebus(inthefourthgrade)andhewasableto__7__theotherstudentsdownandgetthembackintotheirseats.Anotherstudent,8­year­oldDavidSilva,wasalsoonthebus.Luckily,David'sfather,JesseSilva,wasjustdowntheroad__8__fortheschoolbustodeliverhischild,andhenoticedthekids__9__thewindshield(挡风玻璃)andsaying“help”．Thefatherranovertothebusand__10__togetin.Hesawthedriveronthefloorandthestudentswereallshakenup.Hetriedunsuccessfullyto__11__thedriver—hereyesopenedbutshewasn'tcommunicating.Butthat's__12__theparamedics(护理人员)arrived.Thebusdriverwas__13__，butthecauseofthecollapseisstillunclear.Whatisclearisthatshewasvery__14__tohaveNolanandThomasonthebuswhenallthishappened.Andtheydofeellike__15__，“Kindof，”Nolansaidwheninterviewed.Butthey'renotlettingitgettotheirheads.“NotlikeSuperman.Notlikethat.”这是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述的是几个小学生凭借他们的机灵英勇胜利限制失控的校车，避开了一起交通事故的故事。1．A.exciting B．pleasantC．splendid D．scary答案：D解析：由下文可知，司机因急病昏倒了，但公共汽车还在行驶，所以车子失控发生了可怕的转弯。故选D。2．A.passedout B．losttemperC．wentmad D．brokedown答案：A解析：由下文中的“collapse”可知，passedout(昏厥)切题。故选A。3．A.talent B．interactionsC．observations D．anxiety答案：C解析：由“Nolanusuallysitsatthefrontofthebus,wherehecanseethedriver”可知，observations(视察)切题。Nolan通常坐在车的前面，所以能够视察到司机是如何驾驶车辆的。故选C。4．A.structures B．functionsC．controls D．routes答案：C解析：由下文可知，Nolan启动了紧急刹车系统，所以Nolan熟识校车的操作装置。故选C。5．A.destroyed B．fixedC．checked D．started答案：D解析：依据上文fortunately可知，一切很幸运，Nolan启动了紧急刹车系统。6．A.danger B．stopC．road D．position答案：B解析：依据语境此处应当是停车标记，故选B。7．A.pull B．letC．put D．clam答案：D解析：依据语境应当是Thomas使其他学生安静(calmdown)下来坐回他们的座位。8．A.looking B．answeringC．longing D．waiting答案：D解析：依据生活常识，家长接孩子，都要提前等待，以免错过。所以waitfor“等待”符合句意。故选D。9．A.beating B．wipingC．painting D．watching答案：A解析：由上文车辆出现了紧急状况可知，此处表达：他留意到孩子们不停地敲打挡风玻璃，嘴里喊着“救命”。10．A.refused B．hesitatedC．failed D．managed答案：D解析：由下文“Hesawthedriveronthefloor”可知，这位父亲是胜利地进入了车内。managetodo“设法做某事(强调胜利了)”。11．A.wake B．informC．feed D．comfort答案：A解析：依据常识可推断出，因为司机已经昏厥，所以进入车内的第一件事就是救人。所以要叫醒司机。12．A.how B．whyC．when D．where答案：C解析：此处为表语从句，表示救援人员到达的时间，所以用连接副词when，故选C。13．A.arrested B．interviewedC．treated D．accused答案：C解析：由“theparamedics(护理人员)arrived”可知，护理人员到了，所以要对病人进行救治。故选C。14．A.sorry B．confusedC．clever D．lucky答案：D解析：依据全文内容可知是Nolan和Thomas使孩子们和司机得以脱险，所以此处表达的是她是幸运的。15．A.fools B．heroesC．experts D．drivers答案：B解析：上文讲他们凭借自己的机灵英勇避开了一起事故的发生，挽救了许多人，所以Nolan在接受采访时说，他们的确觉得自己有些像英雄。Ⅱ.阅读理解Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear，halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈)．Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools，appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately，it'stoolittle，toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable，scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture，it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference，acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman­soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname，andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans，forexample，thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller's，trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress，mother'sname，andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney，socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone，andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages，showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby，orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata­basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp，whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose，andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.本文是一篇争论文。介绍了骚扰电话给人们的生活带来的影响。文章引导我们辩证地思索问题，运用辩证思维模式，坚持两点论，避开走极端。这种思维模式能帮助我们意识到新兴科技成果对人们生活的影响有好有坏。1．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused.C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据第一段的内容特殊是“Bythetimethese‘solutions’(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable，scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可推知，作者对骚扰电话的解决方案感到悲观(disappointed)，故选D项。panicked惊惶的；confused迷惑的；embarrassed尴尬的。2．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies，scammerscan________.A．aimatvictimsprecisely B．damagedatabaseseasilyC．startcampaignsrapidly D．spreadinformationwidely答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段的内容特殊是“Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.”以及“Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.”可知，技术的发展好像会使骚扰电话问题变得更糟，骚扰电话之所以让人头疼，主要在于诈骗者能精确地瞄准受害者，故选A项。3．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Technologiescanbedouble­edged.C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.答案：B解析：推理推断题。技术的进步给人们的生活带来便利的同时，也给居心不良之人供应了可乘之机——诈骗者拨打骚扰电话进行诈骗。所以说技术是把双刃剑，故选B项。4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB．WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC．WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD．HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology答案：C解析：标题归纳题。文章介绍了随着技术的发展，骚扰电话问题变得更加糟糕，而骚扰电话之所以让人头疼，主要在于诈骗者能精确地瞄准受害者。骚扰电话影响了人们的生活，正变得越来越危急，文章介绍了这种状况发生的缘由，故选C项。Ⅲ.读后续写Tocelebratehisgirlfriend'sbirthday,LukeFortunedrovefromasmalltowninCentralOregontoPortland,whereheparkedhiscarinapaidgarageovernight.Thenextmorning,hediscoveredthatthecar'swindowhadbeensmashed,alongwithhisdreamsforthefuture：Hisbackpackandcomputerweregone.“Everythingimportanttomewasonthatcomputer，”saidFortune,21,whoisstudyingtobecomeaparamedic(护理人员)．“Myclasswork,everypaperI'dwritten,andalltheprogramsIneededformyparamedictests.EveryletterIwasworkingonforjobapplications.Ifeltsick.”Twodaysafterthetheft,anotheryoungmanwasstandingoutsidehisapartment,alsoinPortland.MasoudAlmazrouei,29,isanexchangestudentfromtheUnitedArabEmirates.Hehadbeenapproachedbyamanwhosaidhehadacomputerforsale.Only$200.Almazrouei,whohadbeenintheUnitedStatesforonlyayear,admitsnowthathewasnaive(天真)．Butheneededacomputer,soheboughtit,tookithome,andturnediton.Withinseconds,hesawfilesandphotographs.“Iwonderedwhowouldsellacomputerwithallofthisonit，”hesaid.“Irealizeditcouldbestolen.”Almazroueifoundwhatappearedtobetheowner'scellphonenumberandcalledit.“Thisguywithathickaccenttoldmehehadmycomputer，”Fortunesaid.“Hetoldmethestoryandsaiditwashisfault.Ithoughtitwasascam(骗局)．Itoldhimifhereallyhadthecomputer,heshouldtakeittothepolice.”Soonafter,apoliceofficercalledFortunetosaythatamanhaddroppedthecomputeroffandhadsaidhewassorry.Hepassedalongtheman'snumber.留意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。答案Paragraph1：FortunecalledandthankedAlmazroueiandinsisted