2023年中考英语语法复习专题-第4讲动词被动语态（原稿版）

2023年中考英语语法复习专题第4讲动词被动语态（原稿版）考情分析广东省卷近5年中考考点解读考点题型2022 202120202019 2018一般现在时一般过去时单项填空wereordered语法选择wereaskedwereinvitedwereinvented 短文填空 weregiven一般将来时单项填空willbebuilt含有情态动词 分析广东省卷近10年中考真题可知，语法选择中2年考查了3道被动语态。往年单项填空每年必考1道动词的语态，选项设置大多是两种时态结合两种语态，而对其时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。解答此类试题，考生应做到以下几点：1.观察语境，确定题目所用的时态；2.分析选项，若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项(be+过去分词)，则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态，由此可排除两个主动语态的选项；3.根据时态判断出正确的答案。二．知识导图三．动词语态基本知识1.定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。简单来说，就是判断谓语动作是否是主语发出的，如果是，一般为主动语态，如果不是，通常是被动语态。一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态。如：Sheopenedthewindow.她打开了这扇窗户。(主动语态)Thewindowwasopened.这扇窗被打开了。(被动语态)2.被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成。be动词的变化体现时态的变化，过去分词的形式不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。四．中考主要的四种被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态。构成：主语＋be(am/is/are)＋动词的过去分词＋bysb./todosth．如：Ourhouseiscleanedbymysistereveryday.我们的房子每天由我姐姐打扫。(肯定句)→Ourhouseisn'tcleanedbymysistereveryday.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)→Isourhousecleanedbymysistereveryday?(一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)2.一般过去时的被动语态。构成：主语＋be(was/were)＋动词的过去分词＋bysb./todosth．如：Thepenwasboughtbymyfatheryesterday.这支钢笔是我爸爸昨天买的。→Thepenwasn'tboughtbymyfatheryesterday.(否定句，在was/were后加not)→Wasthepenboughtbymyfatheryesterday?(一般疑问句，把was/were提到句首)3.一般将来时的被动语态。构成：（1）主语＋willbe＋动词的过去分词＋bysb./todosth．（2）主语＋be(am/is/are)＋goingtobe＋动词的过去分词＋bysb./todosth．如：(1)Thesetreeswillbeplantedtomorrow.这些树明天将被种植。→Thesetreeswon'tbeplantedtomorrow.(否定句，在will后加not)→Willthesetreesbeplantedtomorrow?(一般疑问句，把will提到句首)(2)Themeetingisgoingtobeheldnextweek.会议将于下周召开。→Themeetingisn'tgoingtobeheldnextweek.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)→Isthemeetinggoingtobeheldnextweek?(一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)4.含有情态动词的被动语态。构成：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋bysb./todosth．如：Theplanshouldbemadeassoonaspossible.这项计划应该尽早制订出来。→Theplanshouldn'tbemadeassoonaspossible.(否定句，主语＋情态动词＋not＋be＋done)→Shouldtheplanbemadeassoonaspossible?(一般疑问句，情态动词＋主语＋be＋done)→Whatshouldbemadeassoonaspossible?(特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词＋情态动词(＋主语)＋be＋done)被动语态的使用方法1.把主动语态变为被动语态的方法。(1)把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。(2)把动词变为被动形式，即be＋过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。(3)原主动句的主语若需要，则放在by后面并以它的宾格形式出现(代词的宾格)，如不需要则可省略。(4)其他成分(定语、状语)不变。Weboughtsomebooks.（主动语态）somebookswereboughtbyus.（被动语态）六．使用被动语态应注意的几个方面1.使役动词的被动语态。常见的使役动词为make、let、keep、have、get等，see、hear、notice等为感官动词，使役动词的句子在表达主动意义时，动词do前面没有to，但在被动语态中要加to。即：主动：make/see/watch/notice/hearsb.dosth.被动：sb.bemade/seen/watched/noticed/heardtodosth.e.g.:Imadethebabycry.(主动语态)=Thebabywasmadetocrybyme.(被动语态)2.双宾语的被动语态。(1)间接宾语(人)变成被动语态的主语，直接宾语(物)仍保留在原位。e.g.:Shegavemeabookjustnow.=Iwasgivenabookbyherjustnow．(2)间接宾语(物)变成被动语态的主语，间接宾语(人)前加介词to或for。e.g.:Shegavemeabookjustnow.=Abookwasgiventomebyherjustnow．3.感官动词(look、smell、taste、sound、feel)用主动语态表被动。e.g.:Themusicsoundssweet．4.不及物动词(happen、takeplace、cost、breakout、spread、belongto等)没有被动语态。e.g.:NewsspreadsfastonWeChattoday.5.动词短语变成被动语态时不能少掉其中的介词或副词。e.g.:Thenurselooksafterthepatientwell.=Thepatientislookedafterwellbythenurse．6.open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表被动。e.g.:Thiskindofshirtwasheswell.Thepenwritessmoothly．7.动词ing形式表被动的动词①need,require作“需要”讲时，其后常跟动词ing表被动。等同于不定式后的被动语态。Thebikeneedsmending.=Thebikeneedstobemended.②beworthdoingsth.值得做某事Thebookiswellworthreading.七．方法技巧被动语态在语法选择中的运用分析广东省卷近3年中考真题可知，在语法选择中，被动语态考查了3次，均考查一般过去时的被动语态。考生在做题时需注意以下两点：(1)判断主语和谓语之间的关系是主动还是被动；(2)判断被动语态的时态和数的变化：联系上下文，确定被动语态的时态；助动词be要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。例：(2022广东)Studentsintheschool__37__togetupat6：45a．m.topracticetheirbasicskills,butWanggotupat6：00inthemorning.()37.A.askB.askedC.wereasked被动语态在短文填空中的运用分析广东省卷近5年中考真题可知，在短文填空中，被动语态考查了1次，考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。在做题时，需先分析句子所缺成分，再根据主语和谓语之间的关系判断语态。例：(2018广东)Once,WillandhisbrotherHarry__73__givenajobtorebuildabrokenbrick(砖)wallintheyard.Thewallwasfiftyfeetwideandaroundsixteenfeethigh.广东中考真题()1.(2021广东)Somepeopletocheckoutthebridgebeforetheopening.Jerrywasoneofthem.areinviting B.areinvited C.wereinvited D.wereinviting()2.(2020广东)Hetoldthemthatkites______inChinamorethan2，000yearsago．A.inventB.inventedC.areinventedD.wereinvented()3.(2019广东)ItissaidthatoneGreaterBayAreauniversity______inGuangdonginthefuture．A.willbebuiltB.buildC.willbuildD.isbuilt()4.(2018广东)ManyshopsinChina______toshutdownasanewlawagainstivory(象牙)tradecameintoeffectonJanuarylst，2018．A.orderedB.didn’torderC.wereorderedD.weren’tordered()5.(2017广东)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparking______forthehotelguests．A.providesB.providedC.willbeprovidedD.wasprovided提升训练一、语法选择（被动语态专练）Iliveinaveryoldtownwhich1.bybeautifulwoods.It'sascenicspot.OnSundays,hundredsofpeopleefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.Visitorsareaskedtokeepthewoodsclean.Litterbaskets2.underthetrees,butrubbish3.everywherebypeopleasusual.LastWednesday,Iwentforawalkinthewoods.WhatIsawmademeverysad.Ifoundsevenoldcarsandthreeoldrefrigerators.Thelitterbasketswereemptyandtheground4.withpiecesofpaper,cigaretteends,oldtyres,emptybottlesandrustytins...Amongtherubbish,Ifoundasignwhichsaid,Alltherubbish5.intothebaskets.Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoods6..”()B.surroundsC.issurroundedD.willbesurrounded()B.isplacedC.wasplacedD.havebeenplaced()B.isthrownC.threwD.arethrown()B.coveredC.wascoveredD.wascovering()5.A.mustputB.mustbeputC.mustbeputtedD.mustputting()6.A.willbepunishedB.arepunishedC.punishD.punished三、短文填空（被动语态专练）Thereareancient(古代的)storiesthatcanremindusofthepowerofwords.YanZi’sVisittotheStateofChuisoneofthem.YanZiwastheambassador(大使)oftheStateofQi.Once,hewenttovisittheStateofChu.ThekingofChu.1.(plan)toinsult(侮辱)YanZi.YanZiwasshort.Thekingorderedhissoldierstoclosethecitygatebutleaveaholefordogsopen.YanZi2..(ask)toenterthroughthehole.ButYanZiwasnotangry.Hesaid:"