新视野大学英语（第三版）读写教程3（思政智慧版）课件 B3U3 Text B 课文详解

DetailedStudyoftheTextTextReadingSectionBLanguageFocusAlifeinfilmTextReadingSectionBStevenhadtofacerejectionsandobstaclesinhisfilm-creating

efforts,buthispersistenceanddedicationtransformedthe

obstaclesintoanalternativeroutetosuccess.AlifeinfilmSectionB1At12yearsold,StevenSpielbergwasalreadyvisiting

filmshootingsatUniversalStudiosinhisofficesuit,a

packedlunchtuckedintohisbriefcase.Theyoungboy

triedtoimmersehimselfinfilminanywaypossible.

HehadbeengivenanadministrativejobatUniversal

Studiosfromafriendofhisfather’s,andeveryday,

eventhoughhedidn’thavealegitimate

securitypass,

hewouldtrytomanipulatehiswaypasttheguards

andintohispersonalparadise.AlifeinfilmSectionBSuchpersistenceis

hardlysurprisingfromaboywhoselifelongconviction

wasto“Makesureyouarerightandgoon!”(adopted

froma1954Disneyfilm).AlifeinfilmSectionB2

WhenStevenwaseightyearsold,hisfathergavehimaBrownie8mmfilmcameraas

hisbirthdaypresent.Stevenimmediatelybegancollectingfootageoffamilyevents,

andhesimulatedactionsceneswithhisminiaturetoyspacecraft,populatinghis

filmswithhisneighborhoodfriendsasactors.AlifeinfilmSectionBPeoplequicklybegantorecognizehis

terrifictalent,andhewonaprizeforcinematographyforhisearlywesternTheLast

Gunfight;yearslater,hewonanationalcontestforhisfilmEscapetoNowhere.Hisfilm

Firelightwastwiceanalyzedbyanationalnewspaperandwaspresentedinthecity

theaterasifitwerea

Hollywoodpremiere.Bythetimehewas17yearsold,Stevenhad

establishedhimselfasadirectorwiththeartisticintuitionofamantwicehisage.AlifeinfilmSectionB3Hisachievementsarecertainlyrelatedtothepersonalobstaclesandsetbackshefaced

fromanearlyage.Steven’sfamilymovedoften,sothathewasconstantlytryingtofind

hisplaceinaturbulentenvironmentwithnewpeople.Despitehisnaturalintelligence,

Stevenhadacarefreeattitudeandputlittleeffortintoschool.Heconsistently

earnedonlyaCaverage,orlower.AlifeinfilmSectionBSocially,hewasn’tathleticorpopular,andsincehisconspicuousinterestinfilmmadehimseemeccentric,classmatesshunnedand

mockedhim.

AlifeinfilmSectionB4Hishomelifewasnotidealeither,ashisfather’srigidengineeringtemperament

couldnot

understandhisorhismother’sartistic

personalities.Stevenwouldmisshis

fatherwhenhewasgoneforlongworktrips,andthen

revertedtofuriouslyarguing

withhimassoonashereturned.Finally,whenhewasinhighschool,hisparents

endedtheirunhappymarriagewithadivorce.ThethemeofthelackofafatherfigureconsistentlyinfectedSteven’sfilms.AlifeinfilmSectionB5UnfriendlysurroundingsathomeandschoolmadeStevenstriveevenharderto

achieveinthefilmworld.Heappliedtotwoofthebestfilmschoolsinthecountry:

theUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.

Butevenwithaformidable10yearsofexperiencesinfilmmakingandhisfriendsat

UniversalStudiosendorsinghim,hisgradesweretoopoor,andhewasflatlyturned

downatbothinstitutions.AlifeinfilmSectionB6

Unwillingtogiveup,StevenenteredtheCaliforniaStateUniversity,wherehehopedtheprograminTVandradiomightopenhiswaytoHollywood.Unfortunately,theuniversitywasnotsuitedtohisexperience,andoneacademicianrecalled,“Stevenknewmoreaboutcameras,mounts,andlensesthananyoneelseinthedepartment.Hecouldteachthere.”Despitehismanifesttalent,hislowgradessabotagedtransferattempts,forcingrealfilmschoolstowithholdacceptance.AlifeinfilmSectionB7Stevencontrivedtorectifythesituationonhisownbydivertinghisattentionaway

from

academics.HecleanedhisoldsuitandbriefcaseandreturnedtovisitingUniversal

Studioswherehehadworkedasaboy.Hediscreetlysneakedintoanydepartment

hecould,suchasshootingrooms,editingandsound-mixingstudios,andhequietly

watcheduntilhewasdiscoveredandorderedtoleave.AlifeinfilmSectionBIntroducinghimselfunderthe

pretextofbeingeitheranactor,director,orproducer,hewouldinvitepeopletodinnertomakeconnectionsandlearnasmuchashecould.Eventhoughhewascaughtandexpelledatleastonceaday,healwaysreturnedtosmugglehimselfbackinagain.AlifeinfilmSectionB8StevenrepeatedlytriedtoprovehimselftotheUniversalexecutives,whileworkinginacafeteriatosaveupmoneyforequipment.Hewoulddiscretelycreatescenesandthenshootandre-shoothismovies.Hekeptupgradingfrom8to16andfinally35mmfilmbeforehewasallowedascreening.Finally,hisfilmAmblinwasgivenachanceinfrontoftheexecutives.AlifeinfilmSectionBItwasashort,silentfilmandtheplotdifferedgreatlyfromthesci-fi

andcombatfilmsthatwouldlaterpredominateSteven’scareer.Still,theshortfilmwasawesomeenoughtowinSteven,only21yearsold,aseven-yearcontractwithUniversalStudios.AlifeinfilmSectionB9

AfterdirectingsmallerTVdramasandlow-budgetprojects,StevenearnedthechancetodirecthisbigHollywooddebut:athrillerfilmstarringashark!Jawswasaboxoffice

hitanditmadeStevenfamous.HecontinuedhisrelationshipwithUniversalStudiostoproducethenotablemoviesE.T.,JurassicPark,andSchindler’sList.AlifeinfilmSectionB10

Ashisfirstproducersaid,“ItisnotbyanycoincidencethatStevenisinhispresentposition.”Instead,itisSteven’scommittedspiritthathasstrengthenedhiminstandingfastagainstallrejections,prejudiceandskepticismanddrivenhimtokeepmovingonward.

AlifeinfilmSectionBDetailedStudyoftheTexttuck:vt.putsth.intoasmallspace,esp.inordertoprotect,hide,carry,orholdit把…藏起来词汇应用AlifeinfilmShetuckedherhairunderhercap.她把头发拢起来塞进帽子里。SectionBimmerse:vt.(~oneselfinsth.)becomecompletelyinvolvedinanactivity潜心于某事；专心于某事词汇应用Alifeinfilm离婚以后，我一直一个人生活，全身心投入我的事业当中。Sincedivorce,I’velivedaloneandimmersedmyselfinmycareer.SectionBimmerse:vt.putsb.orsth.deepintoaliquidsothattheyarecompletelycovered使浸没（于液体中）词汇应用Alifeinfilm他可以把头埋在水中超过一分钟不呼吸。

Hecanimmersehisheadinthewaterwithoutbreathingmorethanoneminute.SectionBlegitimate:a.

acceptableorallowedbylaw合法的；法律许可的；依法的词汇应用Alifeinfilm选择营养师时应当慎重，因为不是所有的营养师都是合法的。Oneshouldbecarefulinchoosingadietitianbecausenotallofthemarelegitimate.SectionBlegitimate:a.

公正的；正当的；合理的词汇应用Alifeinfilm晚起不是迟到的正当理由。Gettinguplateisnotalegitimatereasonforbeinglate.SectionBfootage:

n.[U]cinemafilmshowingaparticularevent（展示某一事件的）影片，影片片段词汇应用Alifeinfilm你平时拍摄的时候用什么样的照相机，然后用什么软件编辑视频呢？Whatcameradoyouuseforyourfootage,andwhataboutthesoftwareforyourediting?SectionBsimulate:vt.makeorproducesth.thatisnotrealbuthastheappearanceorfeelingofbeingreal模拟；模仿词汇应用Alifeinfilm科学家研制了一个模型来模拟地球全年的气候。Thescientistdevelopedonemodeltosimulateafullyearoftheglobe’sclimate.SectionBminiature:

a.(onlybeforenoun)muchsmallerthannormal很小的；微型的词汇应用Alifeinfilm这个铁路模型包括了所有建筑物、桥梁和树木的缩微景观。Themodelrailwayhasallthebuildings,bridges,andtreesinminiature.SectionBpopulate:vt.thepeopleorcharacterswhopopulateanareaofpubliclifeorapieceofentertainmentarethepeopleorcharactersinit在…中占有位置；占据词汇应用Alifeinfilm占据法国政权上层的是勤勉、审慎的技术官僚。ItisdiligentanddiscreettechnocratwhopopulatetheupperreachesofFrenchpower.SectionBpopulate:vt.formthepopulationof(atown,area,orcountry)构成（某地）的人口词汇应用Alifeinfilm这个城市到处都是蓝领工人，他们总是投票支持民主党。Thecityispopulatedwithblue-collarunionworkerswhoalwaysvoteforDemocrats.SectionBterrific:a.verylargeinsizeordegree（尺寸或程度）极其巨大的，大得惊人的词汇应用Alifeinfilm我们以极快的速度驱车行驶。Wedrovealongataterrificspeed.SectionBterrific:a.(infml.)

verygood,esp.inawaythatmakesyoufeelhappyandexcited极好的；极棒的；非常愉快的词汇应用Alifeinfilm他是个出色的运动员，弹跳力非常好。Heisaterrificathleteandabrilliantjumper.SectionBpremiere:n.[C]thefirstpublicperformanceofafilm,play,orpieceofmusic（电影的）首映；（戏剧、乐曲等的）首演词汇应用Alifeinfilm她选择在小石城市区的一个旧舞厅进行首演，而不是在传统的大礼堂里。ShechoseanoldballroomindowntownLittleRockforthepremiereratherthanaformalauditorium.SectionBestablishoneself(as/in):makepeopleacceptthatyoucandosth.orthatyouhaveaparticularquality使被接受；使得到承认短语应用Alifeinfilm他已经确立了竞选中主要候选人的地位。Hehasestablishedhimselfastheleadingcandidateintheelection.SectionBintuition:n.[U]theabilitytounderstandorknowsth.becauseofafeelingratherthanbyconsideringthefacts直觉力词汇应用Alifeinfilm菲尔，你不能凭直觉来作出解释。Youcan’tmakeacaseonyourintuitions,Phil.SectionBberelatedtosth./sb.:beconnectedwithsth.orsb.insomeway与…相关；与…有联系词汇应用Alifeinfilm这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。Thisheartattackmayberelatedtohisoverwork.SectionBsetback:n.[C]aproblemthatdelaysorpreventsprogress,ormakesthingsworsethantheywere阻碍；挫折词汇应用Alifeinfilm他们搬进了一个公寓，这是他们唯一能负担得起的地方，尽管遇到了一些严重的挫折，他们还是开始过上幸福的生活。Theymoveintoatenement,theonlyplacetheycanafford,andsetaboutmakingagoodlifedespitesomeserioussetbacks.SectionBturbulent:a.aturbulentsituation,place,orperiodisoneinwhichthereisalotofuncontrolledchanges骚乱的；动荡的；混乱的词汇应用Alifeinfilm当前中东局势依然紧张动荡，人们生活在战争与恐慌中。ThepresentsituationinMiddleEastremainstenseandturbulentwithpeoplelivinginwarandpanic.SectionBcarefree:a.havingnoworriesorproblems无忧无虑的；无牵挂的词汇应用Alifeinfilm这将是一个无忧无虑的生活，充满笑声和幸福。Itwillbeacarefreelifefulloflaughterandhappiness.SectionBputeffortinto(doing)sth.:tryhardtodosth.努力做…短语应用Alifeinfilm爸爸希望我多花些心力在课业上。Dadwantsmetoputmoreeffortintomyschoolwork.SectionBconspicuous:

a.veryeasytonotice显著的；显眼的；引人注目的词汇应用Alifeinfilm玛丽的红头发在学校里总是很显眼。Mary’sredhairalwaysmadeherconspicuousatschool.SectionBeccentric:

a.behavinginawaythatisunusualanddifferentfrommostpeople（行为）怪异的，古怪的词汇应用Alifeinfilm如果你穿着拖鞋出席舞会的话，人们会认为你有些古怪。Ifyougotothepartyinslippers,youwillbeconsideredrathereccentric.SectionBshun:vt.deliberatelyavoidsb.orsth.（故意）避开，躲开（某人或某物）词汇应用Alifeinfilm她再婚后家里人都躲着她。Shewasshunnedbyherfamilywhensheremarried.SectionBmock:

v.(fml.)laughatsb.orsth.andtrytomakethemlookstupidbysaying

unkindthingsaboutthemorbycopyingthem嘲笑；讥笑；嘲弄；（模仿）取笑词汇应用Alifeinfilm他总是嘲笑我的法国口音。

He’salwaysmockingmyFrenchaccent.SectionBtemperament:

n.[C,U]theemotionalpartofsb.’scharacter,esp.howlikelytheyaretobe

happy,angry,etc.气质；性情；性格；禀性词汇应用Alifeinfilm他性格冲动，经常因此惹麻烦。

Hisimpulsivetemperamentregularlygothimintodifficulties.SectionBrevert:v.(~to)changebacktoasituationthatexistedinthepast恢复；回复词汇应用Alifeinfilm如果你恢复原来的饮食习惯，你又会长胖。Ifyoureverttoyouroldeatinghabits,you’llgainweightagain.SectionBfurious:

a.veryangry狂怒的；暴怒的词汇应用Alifeinfilm一位愤怒的球员将他的球拍踢向了看台。Afuriousplayerkickedhisracketintothegrandstand.SectionBfuriously:

a.veryangry狂怒的；暴怒的词汇应用Alifeinfilm等待了3个小时，他失去了信心，愤怒地离开了。Beingkeptwaitingfor3hours,helosthistemperandleftfuriously.SectionBend(sth.)withsth:haveoraddsth.asthefinalpart以…作为结束短语应用Alifeinfilm我只记得这个单词是以A开头，以son结尾的。I

canonlyrecallthatthewordbeginswith“A”andendwith“son”.SectionBinfect:vt.makeotherpeoplehavethefeelingorideathatyouhave（在感情或思想上）感染，影响（他人）词汇应用Alifeinfilm她的乐观情绪似乎感染了周围所有的人。Heroptimismseemedtoinfectallthosearoundher.SectionBinfect:vt.makesb.getadisease,thatcanbespreadfromonepersontoanother

使传染；使感染词汇应用Alifeinfilm这种病毒在短短几天内感染了数千台计算机。Thisvirusinfectedthousandsofcomputerswithindays.SectionBstrive:vi.(strove,striven)(fml.)makeagreatefforttoachievesth.努力；奋斗词汇应用Alifeinfilm他努力地保持身体健康。Hestriveshardtokeephimselfveryfit.SectionBformidable:a.verypowerfulorimpressive,andoftenfrightening令人敬畏的；可怕词汇应用Alifeinfilm在辩论中，他是位难应付的对手。Indebate,hewasaformidableopponent.SectionBendorse:vt.expressformalsupportorapprovalforsb.orsth.（正式）赞同，认可，支持词汇应用Alifeinfilm我赞同他，并尽我所能在背后支持他。Iendorsehim,andthrowmyfullsupportbehindhim.SectionBflatlyrefuse/deny/oppose,etc.sth.:vt.expressformalsupportorapprovalforsb.orsth.（正式）赞同，认可，支持短语应用Alifeinfilm如果直接拒绝回答这个问题，你可能给面试官留下一个糟糕的印象。Ifyouflatlyrefusetoanswerthequestion,youmightgiveyourinterviewerabadimpression.SectionBUsageNote

flatlyrefuse/deny/oppose,etc.sth.表示“断然拒绝/否认/反对某事”。例如：Alexandercouldseenopointatallindoingthisandflatlyrefusedtheproposal.亚历山大认为这样做毫无道理，就断然拒绝了这项提议。AlifeinfilmSectionBmount:n.[C]abaseonwhichsth.suchasalargeheavygunisfixed底座；底架；炮架词汇应用Alifeinfilm这个盒子由一个餐具底座和一个透明盒盖组成。Theboxiscomposedofatablewaremountandatransparentboxcover.SectionBmount:vt.plan,organize,andbeginaneventoracourseofaction准备；安排；组织；开展词汇应用Alifeinfilm画廊举办了一场爱尔兰女画家的作品展。ThegalleryhasmountedanexhibitionofartbyIrishwomenpainters.SectionBmanifest:

a.(fml.)plainandeasytosee显而易见的；明显的vt.(fml.)showafeeling,attitude,etc.显示，表明，表露（感情、态度等词汇应用Alifeinfilm尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。Despitemanymanifestadvantagesofbicycle,itisnotwithoutitsproblem.SectionBsabotage:vt.deliberatelyspoilsb.’splansbecauseyoudonotwantthemtosucceed

故意破坏（某人的计划）词汇应用Alifeinfilm我前妻蓄意阻挠我见孩子们。Myex-wifedeliberatelysabotagesmyaccesstothechildren.SectionBsabotage:vt.secretlydamageordestroyequipment,vehicles,etc.thatbelongtoan

enemyoropponent,sothattheycannotbeused暗中破坏（敌人或对手的设备、车辆等）词汇应用Alifeinfilm你做了手脚破坏了供电系统。Youdidsomethingtosabotagetheelectricalsystem.SectionBwithhold:vt.(withheld,withheld)refusetogivesb.sth.拒绝给予；扣留词汇应用Alifeinfilm雇主将在你拿到工资之前从中扣除税金。Theemployerswillwithholdthetaxfromyourpaybeforeyoureceiveit.SectionBcontrive:vt.(~todosth.)succeedindoingsth.,esp.sth.difficult设法做到（尤其是困难的事）词汇应用Alifeinfilm尽管家里很穷，这位母亲还是设法每天让孩子都吃一个鸡蛋。Despitethepoorsituation,themothercontrivestofeedherchildrenaneggeveryday.SectionBcontrive:vt.arrangeaneventorsituationsecretlyorbydeceivingpeople谋划词汇应用Alifeinfilm他们精心策划要欺诈那家公司。Theycontrivedaplantodefraudthecompany.SectionBrectify:vt.(fml.)correctsth.thatiswrong纠正；矫正词汇应用Alifeinfilm那个错误原本可以在28天内得以纠正。Thatmistakecouldhavebeenrectifiedwithin28days.SectionB(all)onone’sown:withoutanyone’shelp无援地；独立地短语应用Alifeinfilm他从不和我们在一起，他总是自己单独玩。Heneverjoinswithus;andhealwaysplaysonhisown.SectionBdivert:vt.dosth.totakepeople’sattentionawayfromsth.thatyoudonotwantthemtoconcentrateonornotice转移…的注意力词汇应用Alifeinfilm他们想把人民的注意力从真正的问题上转移开。Theywanttodiverttheattentionofthepeoplefromtherealissues.SectionBdivert:vt.makesth.moveortravelinadifferentdirection使转向词汇应用Alifeinfilm卡车被迫改道而行。Thetruckswereforcedtodiverttoanotherroad.SectionBdiscreet:a.unlikelytoattractattention不引人注意的；觉察不出的词汇应用Alifeinfilm她戴着素净的首饰。Sheworediscreetjewelry.SectionBdiscreet:a.carefulnottosayanythingthatissecretorthatcouldupsetsb.谨慎的；慎重的词汇应用Alifeinfilm你应该审慎地询问清楚再签字。Yououghttomakeafewdiscreetenquiriesbeforeyousignanything.SectionBdiscreetly:ad.不引人注意地；觉察不出地词汇应用Alifeinfilm他悄悄地跟着那个人进了旅馆。Hefollowedthemandiscreetlyintothehotel.SectionBpretext:n.[C]afalsereasongivenforanaction,inordertohidetherealreason借口词汇应用Alifeinfilm他借口有事要处理，早早离开了聚会。Heleftthepartyearlyonthepretextofhavingworktodo.SectionBsmuggle:vt.(infml.)takesth.orsb.secretlytoaplacewheretheyarenotallowedtobe偷偷携带；夹带词汇应用Alifeinfilm真的找不到一个能把信偷偷地带出去的人吗？Haditreallybeenimpossibletofindsomeonewhocouldsmuggleoutaletter?SectionBsmuggle:vt.takesth.orsb.illegallyfromonecountrytoanother走私；偷运词汇应用Alifeinfilm相比之下，那些走私假冒药品的人，则常常面对宽松执法和从轻处罚。Thosewhosmugglecounterfeitmedicines,bycontrast,haveoftenfacedlaxenforcementandlightpunishment.SectionBdiscrete:a.clearlyseparate分开的；分离的；离散的词汇应用Alifeinfilm这幅画由许多不相连的色点组成。Thepictureconsistsofalotofdiscretespotsofcolor.SectionBdiscretely:ad.分开地；分离地；离散地词汇应用Alifeinfilm我们要把网络的优缺点分开来看。WeshouldlookattheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternetdiscretely.SectionBUsageNote

shoot:v.takephotographsormakeafilmofsth.拍摄（电影、照片等）；摄制IfIhadHollywoodmoney,I’dshootafilmthatwouldgotoHollywoodortotheCannesFilmFestivalandwin.如果我有好莱坞那么多投资，我也会拍出能到好莱坞或戛纳电影节去获大奖的电影。AlifeinfilmSectionBupgrade:v.makeacomputer,machine,orpieceofsoftwarebetterandabletodomorethings（使）（计算机、机器或软件）升级词汇应用Alifeinfilm直升机已经更新换代，装配了现代化设备。Helicoptershavebeenupgradedandmodernized.SectionB

UsageNoteGenerally,a35mmfilmcanhavemoredetailthanan8mmor16mmframesizesinceitisbigger,andthusbetterresolution.Itisthefilmgaugemostcommonlyusedformotionpictures.AlifeinfilmSectionBplot:n.[C]theeventsthatformthemainstoryofabook,film,orplay（书、电影、戏剧的）情节词汇应用Alifeinfilm对许多人来说，传奇必须是一个有人物有情节的故事。Tomany,alegendmustbeastory,withcharactersandsomesortofplot.SectionBplot:n.[C]asecretplanbyagroupofpeopletodosth.harmfulorillegal密谋；阴谋；秘密计划词汇应用Alifeinfilm政府否认曾有人密谋暗杀总统。Thegovernmenthasdeniedthattherewasaplottoassassinatethepresident.SectionBUsageNote

sci-fi:

n.[U](infml.)sciencefiction科幻小说...atwo-and-a-halfhoursci-fifilm一部两个半小时的科幻片AlifeinfilmSectionBawesome:a.extremelyimpressive,serious,ordifficultsothatyoufeelgreatrespect,worry,orfear令人赞叹的；令人畏惧的；可怕的词汇应用Alifeinfilm摆在他们面前的是一项艰巨的任务。Anawesometaskliesaheadofthem.SectionBdebut:n.[C]thefirstpublicappearanceofanentertainer,sportsplayer,etc.orofsth.newandimportant（演员或运动员等的）首次登台，初次亮相；（新事物的）问世词汇应用Alifeinfilm首次出镜时，她刚满18岁。Shewasscarcely18whenshemadeherdebut.SectionBUsageNoteboxoffice:n.1)[sing.]usedtodescribehowsuccessfulafilm,play,oractoris,bythenumberofpeoplewhopaytoseethem票房（指电影、戏剧、演员等能吸引多少人来观看）ThePhantomoftheOpera,anovelpublishedin1911,laterbecameanenormousboxofficesuccessasamusicalplay.《歌剧魅影》是1911年出版的一本小说，后来其音乐剧票房获得了巨大成功。2)[C]theplaceinatheater,cinema,etc.whereticketsaresold（戏院、电影院等的）售票处Let’smeetattheboxoffice,andthenwecangointothetheatertogether.我们在售票处见面吧，然后一起进电影院。AlifeinfilmSectionBUsageNote

hit:n.[C]sth.suchasamovie,song,play,etc.thatisextremelypopularorsuccessful风行一时（热门）的事物（如电影、歌曲、戏剧等）Therewasnowayofknowingwhichfilmwouldbeasuccess,whichsongwouldbeahit.很难预料哪部电影将大获成功，哪首歌曲将风行一时。AlifeinfilmSectionBnotable:a.(usu.beforenoun)important,interesting,excellent,orunusualenoughtobenoticedormentioned显要的；显著的；值得注意的词汇应用Alifeinfilm给我们印象最深的，不是他所取得的显著成就，而是他的创业精神。Whathasimpressedmemostisnotthenotablesuccesshehasachievedbuthispioneeringspirit.SectionBcoincidence:n.[C,U]whentwothingshappenatthesametime,inthesameplace,ortothesamepeopleinawaythatseemssurprisingorunusual巧合；巧事；同时发生词汇应用Alifeinfilm真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。Whatacoincidence!Iwasn’texpectingtoseeyouhere.SectionBstandfast:refusetochangeyouropinions,intentions,orbehavior坚持立场；拒不让步短语应用Alifeinfilm他终于醒悟，不再命令他的部队死守待俘。Hehadlearnedatlastnottoorderhistroopstostandfastandbecaptured.SectionBskeptical:a.(BrEsceptical)tendingtodisagreewithwhatotherpeopletellyou持怀疑态度的；不相信的词汇应用Alifeinfilm想想几百年前当被告知地球是圆的而不是平的时,多少人对此表示过怀疑。Thinkhowskepticalmanypeoplewerewhenbeingtoldtheworldisround,notflathundredsofyearsago.SectionBskepticism:n.[U](BrEscepticism)anattitudeofdoubtingthatparticularclaimsorstatementsaretrueorthatsth.willhappen怀疑态度；怀疑论词汇应用Alifeinfilm我们应该有科学的怀疑态度。Weshouldhavethescientificskepticism.SectionBdrivesb.todosth.:stronglyinfluencesb.todosth.迫使，促使（某人做某事）短语应用Alifeinfilm失败并没使他绝望。Failuredidn’tdrivehimtodespair.SectionBonward:ad.(AmE)(fml.)forward往前；向前词汇应用Alifeinfilm小船轻捷地在水面向前滑行着。Theboatglidedswiftlyonwardovertheriver.SectionBonward:a.(onlybeforenoun)movingforwardorcontinuing向前的；前进的；继续的词汇应用Alifeinfilm如果你要转机继续飞行，你的行李也会自动转机。Ifyouarecontinuingonanonwardflight,yourbagswillbetransferredautomatically.SectionBUsageNote

平行结构是指在一个句子或段落中重复相同的单词或短语模式，以强调所说的要点同等重要。此处使用“itisnot…that…;itis…that…”这样的平行结构可以起到连接相邻句子的作用，有助于更好地组织要点，促进对课文的理解，同时也产生一种语言上的韵律美。例如：ItisnotbecauseIamstrivingtocult