Unit 4 History and Traditions 单词详解课件高中英语人教版(2019)必修第二册

Unit4HistoryandTraditionsVocabulary1.Confucius

n.孔子TempleofConfucius

孔庙2.philosophyn.哲学philosopher

n.

哲学家philosophical

adj.哲学的philosophicallyadv.哲学上3.individual

adj.单独的；个别的cn.个人

adj.individualcasecn.

theindividual个

案个

人individually

adv.单独地individuality

n.个性；个性特征4.Achilles’heel希腊神话：阿喀琉斯的脚跟5.puzzle

cn.谜；智力游戏；疑问；难题

vt.

(使)迷惑；(使)困惑puzzleabout/over

sth

冥思苦想；苦苦思索bepuzzledabout

对…迷惑不解cn.inapuzzle

感到困惑；不知如何是好beapuzzletosb

…对某人来说是个谜/难题vt.

puzzled

adj.

感到迷惑的puzzling

adj.

令人迷惑的－ed形容词常说明人；或修饰人的表情、声音等；－ing形容词常说明事物的性质puzzlement

n.迷惑；困惑（状态)withpuzzlement

困惑地[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatest___________(puzzle)inourlife．②

Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzling___________howtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．③

The__________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas_________overthe___________mathsproblem.(puzzle)她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学题。puzzlesabout/overpuzzledpuzzlingpuzzlingbreakup

打碎；分裂；解体；结束；(关系等)破裂breakdown

出故障；分解；损坏；累垮breakinto

破门而入breakin

破门而入；打断；插话breakout

(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发6.breakaway(fromsb

/sth

)脱离；背叛；逃脱[即学即练]——用break的相关短语填空①

Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwill________________soonerorlater.②

Afire______________inthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled.③

Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,afewcountrieswantedto__________________theUnion.④Inmyopinion,marriagebasedonmoneyislikelyto______________.breakdownbrokeoutbreakawayfrombreakupbelongto

属于

（无被动，无进行,其中to为介词）belongings

n.

所有物;财产asenseofbelonging

归属感belonging

n.归

属,属性7.

belongvi.

应在(某处);

适应

[巩固内化]用belong的适当形式填空①Thewoodenhouse

(belong)tomeisbeingdecoratednow.

②Thecat_________tothepeoplewholiveupstairs.③Icollectedmy__________andleft.belongsbelongings

belonging1.Tearswelledupinhereyes,andherheartseemedtobetorn____well.2.Ifyoudonotlikeswimming,you__________gojogging.如果不喜欢游泳,你不妨慢跑。3.Theyareacoupleintherealworld_________inthemovie.他们在电影和现实生活中都是一对夫妇。8.aswellas同，也，还1.Theteacher，aswellashisstudents，_________(go)toplanttreestomorrow.isgoing谓语动词遵循就远原则aswell也;又;还（相当于too，用于句尾）may/mightaswelldosth

倒不如做某事;不妨做某事

asmayaswellaswellas1)indefenceof…

为了保卫…2)insb’sdefence

为某人辩护(indefenceofsb)3)self-defence

自卫，正当防卫9.

defence

n.防御；保卫（同defense）Weshouldn'tforgetthedoctorsandnurseswhodiedindefenceofpeople'shealthandsafety．Nobodyspokeoutinhisdefence.defend

vt.保护；保卫；为…辩护①

defend...from(against)...保护…免受…(=protect...from...）②defendoneself自卫defensiveadj.

防御的,保护的

defendant

n.被告；adj.辩护的defender

n.防卫者；辩护者；①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained_____________(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks.②Manymedicalexpertsareworkinghardin________(defend)ofpeople'shealth.③Whenadogattackedme，Ipickedupasticktodefend_________(I).todefenddefencemyself①surround…with…

用…包围…②besurroundedwith/by

被…包围/环绕10.surround

vt.围绕；包围surrounding

adj.周围的；附近的surroundings

n.环境；周边事物Itiswisetosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewhohaveahighlevelofself⁃discipline.[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

_____________(surround)bytheforest,thevillagelooksverybeautiful.②

Livinginbeautifulandcomfortable______________(surround),wefeelveryhappy.③

Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthe______________(surround)villages.Surroundedsurroundingssurrounding11.evidence

un.证据；证明①inevidence

显眼；显而易见的②Thereis(some/no)evidencethat…

(有/没有)证据证明…evident

adj.明显的；明白的③

Itisevidentthat…

很显然…翻译：很显然，他的观点不对.Itisevidentthathisopinioniswrong.evidently

adv.明显地①asenseofachievement

成就感②makeanachievement(indoingsth)

(在某方面)取得成就12.

achievement

n.成就，成绩;(C)完成，达到(U)；achievevt.

完成；达到achievable

adj.

可达到的；可实现的

achieveone’sdream/success/goal

实现梦想/获得成功/实现目标①Onlythe__________________________willbringlastingpeace.只有达成这些目标才会带来持久的和平。②Reachingthisagreementsoquicklywas___________________．如此快速达成这项协定是一大成绩。③Hehopedto

bypeacefulmeans.他希望通过和平手段实现他的目标。achievementofthesegoals

agreatachievementachievehisgoal13.locationcn．地方；地点；位置locate

v.找出...的位置,定位

belocatedin/on

坐落于/位于.....

①China__________(locate)intheeastofAsiawithanareaof9，600，000squarekilometres.②_________(locate)intheeastofAsia,Chinahasanareaof9，600，000squarekilometres.islocatedLocatedkeepaneyeon

照看，照管，留心注意haveaneyefor

对……有判断力/鉴赏力catchsb’seye

吸引某人的注意【翻译】如果你留心点，你能学到很多。Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youcanlearnagreatdeal.14.keepone’seyesopen睁大眼睛，留心，注意15.

charge

vt.收费；控告；充电

n.费用；指控；主管chargesbforsth

向某人收取....的费用chargesb

with(doing)sth

因某事控告某人

vt.①Wehaveenoughconfidencetochargeyou

abuseofpower.

②Thegenerousownerofthepubchargedus

wineandbeer.with

for

1）freeofcharge

免费=for

free2）takechargeof

负责/掌管…(表动作)inchargeof

控制/管理…(主语通常为人)in

thechargeofsb＝inone’scharge(被动，主语通常为物）

在某人的掌管下；被某人管理Theticketisfreeofcharge.He________________

thiscompany.=Hewas______________

thiscompany=Thiscompanywas_________________him.=Thiscompanywas______________他掌管这个公司。n.费用；指控；主管tookchargeofinchargeofinthechargeof

inhischarge.announcesth

tosb

向某人宣告某事Itisannouncedthat…据宣布…(it形主)16.announce

vt.宣布；通知；声称announcement

n.通告；宣告；声明announcer

n.

播音员；广播员makeanannouncement(that)

下通知；宣布[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

Itiswisetoannouncethenews_________thepublic.②

The_____________madean_______________thatallthedetailsshould________________throughthebroadcast.(announce)③

It_______________(announce)thatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidentsbepermittedtoreturntotheirhomes.toannouncerannouncementbeannouncedisannounced17.

amount

n.金额；数量（1）alargeamountof大量;许多（+不可数n）+谓语用单数；

=

largeamountsof大量;许多（+不可数n）+谓语用复数

作主语时谓语动词的单复数与amount的单复数有关，与of后面的名词无关（2）theamountof......的数量(做主语谓语动词用单数）v.总计；相当于；等于amountto

合计，等于，相当于[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Alargeamountofmoney___________(be)tobespentinbuildinganewbridgeforthevillage.②Atthattime,smallamountsofland___________(use)forkeepinganimals.③Thetotalsalesofthecompanydidn’tamount

morethanamilliondollars.

④Theamountoffuelthatthiscaruses____(be)abigstrikeagainstit.iswereusedto

is

(1)

agreatdealof,

只能修饰不可数名词；(2)

alargenumberof

只能修饰可数名词复数；(3)

alotof,plentyof

,

alargequantityof既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。表示“大量的”的短语还有：alargenumberof,

agreatdealof,

plentyof,

alotof18.approach

n.方法；途径；接近

vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近approachsb./sth.

靠近/接近某人/某物approachtheproblem

处理问题vt.接近；接洽；着手处理

vi.靠近Springisapproaching.春天即将来临。

cn.

方法；途径；接近(~es)①

(an)approachto

(doing)sth.做某事的方法/途径②attheapproachof随着……临近=with...approaching

表达“(做)某事的方法”时：approach,way,means,method(1)theapproachto(doing)sth(2)thewaytodo/of(doing)sth(3)themeansof(doing)sth(4)themethodof(doing)sth[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_____________(approach)tothestudyofmaths.②

Theyhavealaissez-faireapproachto______________theirchildren.他们采用放任自由的方法来养育子女。

approachesbringingup③一句多译:随着这重大日子的临近她心情越来越紧张。Asthegreatday___________

,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.Withthegreatday____________,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.____theapproachofthegreatday

,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.approachedapproachingAt1）begeneroustosb

对某人慷慨2）begenerouswithsth

在…方面很慷慨3）Itisgenerousofsbtodosth

某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方19.generous

adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的generosity

n.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地beeagertodosth

渴望做某事beeagerforsth

渴望得到某物20.eager

adj.热切的；渴望的eagerly

adv.热切地；急切地eagernessn.热切；渴望①(2016.浙江高考)EachweekI

_________(eager)countedmygrowingsavingincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere②(2021.全国I)Asshewasleavingshewaseager_____(say)goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.③Theywereeager______asecondbiteofthecherry.④Icouldn'thidemy__________(eager)togetbackhome.foreagerness

tosay

eagerly

渴望做某事

beeagerfor/todosthbeanxiousfor/todosthbedyingfor/todosthbedesperatefor/todosthbehungry/thirstyfor/todosthhaveadesireforlongfor/todosthbedottedwith

布满；星罗棋布于onthedot

准时21.

dot

n.点；小(圆)点

vt.加点；遍布greetsbwith…

用…来迎接/问候某人22.greet

vt.问候；迎接greeting(s)

n.(常用复数形式)问候；祝贺；贺词Shegreetedmewithasmile.

她以微笑迎接我。exchangegreetings

寒暄[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

She___________(greet)uswithasmilewhenshesawusinthestreet．②

Shesentusacardwithbirthday___________(greet)．greetedgreetingsstrike(struck,struck)v.打;撞击;罢工;(灾难、疾病等)袭击;打动;划(火柴);给某人…以印象；突然想到;(钟)敲响;鸣n.罢工;攻击23.striking

adj.引人注目的；显著的bestruckby