Unit4第3课时Grammar（知识精讲分层练习）（教师版）八年级上学期英语讲义（牛津译林版）

Unit4Doityourself第3课时Grammar目标导航目标导航重点词汇vt.剪下，切下，割下2.n.句子3..葡萄4.n.草莓5.n.匙，调羹6.n.沙拉；色拉7.n.奶油；乳脂；霜8.vt.&vi.混合9.vt.&vi.增加，补充10.n.指示，指点重点词组1.不阅读说明就开始你的工作2.加入DIY俱乐部以了解更多重点句型1.请为我修理这个书架。2.请不要触碰湿油漆。3.用一把剪刀剪出一张张卡片。4.在每张卡片上写一些话或一句句子。5.在卡片的另一面画一张关于这些话或句子的图片。6.请不要放弃。7.坚持尝试，你将发现你能更好地记住东西。8.你应该了解一些关于DIY（的知识）。9.你的手表坏了。你最好买一个新的。10.你最好上学不要迟到。11.有时候做DIY的活要花很长时间。【答案】一1.cut2.sentence3.grape4.strawberry5.spoon6.salad7.cream8.mix9.add10.tip二．1.beginyourworkwithoutreadinginstructions 2.joinaDIYclubtolearnmoreaboutit三．1.Pleasefix/repairtheshelfforme.2.Don’ttouchthewetpaint,please.3.Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.4.Writesomewordsorasentenceoneachcard.5.Drawapictureaboutthewordsorsentenceontheothersideofthecard.6.Pleasedon’tgiveup.7.Keeptryingandyouwillfindyoucanrememberthingsbetter.8.YoushouldknowalittleaboutDIY.9.Yourwatchisbroken.Youhadbetterbuyanewone.10.Youhadbetternotbelateforschool.11.Sometimesit’lltaketimetodoaDIYjob.知识点睛知识点睛一．祈使句【精讲】当我们向他人发出命令，提出要求或建议时，常使用祈使句。祈使句的祝愿时you（听话人），通常不明确表示出来。句式结构例句肯定句Do型：动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分。Haveaseathere.这边坐。Be型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。Beagoodchild!要做一个好孩子！Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。否定句Do型和Be型均在句首加Don’t构成。Don’tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到！Let型的否定形式有两种：Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分。Don’tlethimgo.=Lethimnotgo.反义疑问句祈使句+willyou/won’tyou?Openthewindow,willyou?Letus不包括听话者在内，指示对听话者说，反义疑问句的主语仍然为youLetusplaywithsnow,willyou?让我们玩雪，好吗？Letusplaywithsnow,shallwe?咱们玩雪吧，好吗？Let’s是表示第一人称的祈使句，包含说话者，所以反义疑问句的主语为we.※（1）有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.有些祈使句可用No开头，用来表示禁止。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟！为了使祈使句听来比较客气，委婉，除了用please外，句末还可用willyou。Readthetext,willyou?读一下这篇文章，好吗？在祈使句的前面加上do可以加强语气，有makesure(一定，务必)的意思。Doremembertocallme.祈使句的答句常用一般将来时。Don’tsmokehere.Sorry,Iwon’t.练一练练一练1．Obeythetrafficrules,______you’llbepunished.A．but B．while C．till D．or【答案】D【解析】句意：遵守交通规则，否则你会受到惩罚。考查连词辨析。but但是，表转折；while当……时候；till直到……；or或者/否则；根据“Obeythetrafficrules”和“you’llbepunished”提示可知，本句是“祈使句+or+陈述句”句式，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”；故选D。2．—Don’tforgettowearschooluniformsonMondaymorning.—______A．OK,Iwill. B．No,Iwill. C．OK,Iwon’t. D．Yes,Iwon’t.【答案】C【解析】句意：—不要忘记礼拜一早上穿校服。—好的，我不会忘记的。考查情景交际。根据“Don’tforgettowearschooluniformsonMondaymorning.”可知，此句是否定祈使句，回答祈使句应该用将来时态will的正确形式来回答。结合语境可知，不会忘记穿校服，因此用will的否定形式回答。而“Yes,Iwon’t”这种格式本身就是错误。故选C。3．It’stimeforsupper.Let’s______it.A．stophaving B．stoptohaveC．tostoptohave D．tostophaving【答案】B【解析】句意：该吃晚饭了。让我们停下来享用吧。考查祈使句和非谓语动词的用法。letsbdosth“让某人做某事”，排除CD。stopdoingsth“停止正在做的事”，stoptodosth“停止一件事去做另一件事”，根据“It’stimeforsupper.”可知，是停下来去吃饭，故选B。4．______awayfromthelake,boys.Itisdeep.A．Stays B．Stay C．Staying D．Tostay【答案】B【解析】句意：离湖远点，孩子们。它是深。考查祈使句。根据“...awayfromthelake,boys.”可知句子省略主语，用动词原形开头构成祈使句。故选B。5．______playwithfire.______withfireisdangerous.A．Don’t;Playing B．Not;Playing C．Don’t;Play D．Notto;Toplay【答案】A【解析】句意：不要玩火。玩火是危险的。考查祈使句和动名词作主语。第一个空是否定祈使句，其构成是：Don’t+动词原形；第二个空是主语的位置，因此应该用动名词形式，首字母大写。故选A。6．______wakeupyoursister,Ben.Sheneedsagoodsleep.A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Aren’t D．Can’t【答案】A【解析】句意：别吵醒你妹妹，本。她需要好好睡觉。考查祈使句。根据“...wakeupyoursister,Ben.”可知此处用“don’t+动词原形”构成祈使句的否定形式。故选A。7．—Hisfriendwantstogoswimming______it’sveryhot.—It’sOK.But______allowhimtodothatalone!A．so;not B．so;don’t C．because;not D．because;don’t【答案】D【解析】句意：—他的朋友想去游泳，因为天气很热。没关系。但不要让他一个人去游泳！考查连词辨析及祈使句。so因此；because因为。想去游泳是因为天热，用because引导原因状语从句；答句中缺少主语，用“don’t+动词原形”构成祈使句的否定形式。故选D。8．—Topreparefortheschooltriptomorrow,whatshouldIdo,mum?—______anumbrellawithyouanditwillbeusefulwhenitrains.A．Taking B．Totake C．Take D．Took【答案】C【解析】句意：—为了准备明天的学校旅行，我该怎么办，妈妈？—带把伞，当下雨的时候它就会派上用场。考查固定句型。本句是“祈使句+and+一般将来时的陈述句”结构，该句型中and表示前后句是顺接关系，意思是“那么”，祈使句表示条件。故选C。9．______lateagain,Bill!Oryouwillmissthewonderfulfanmeeting.A．Don'ttobe B．Don'tbe C．Notbe D．Benot【答案】B【解析】句意：不要再迟到了，Bill！否则你会错过精彩的粉丝见面会。考查祈使句。这是一个祈使句的否定形式，开头用Don’t，后跟动词原形；belate“迟到”，是固定短语。故选B。10．Whynotfillourlifewith______?Behappyand______everyday!A．happy;smile B．cheer;smiling C．cheerful;smiling D．joy;smile【答案】D【解析】句意：为什么不让我们的生活充满欢乐呢？要快乐，每天微笑！考查名词及祈使句的用法。happy快乐的，形容词；smile微笑，名词或动词；cheer欢呼，名词或动词；smiling微笑，动词现在分词形式；cheerful高兴的，形容词；joy愉快，名词。根据“Whynotfillourlifewith”可知，fillsth.withsth.表示“用……装满……”，第一空需填入一个名词，排除AC选项；根据“Behappyand...everyday!”可知，此处为动词原形开头的祈使句，and连接并列成分，前后语法一致，所以第二空填动词原形，排除B选项。故选D。11．______ontheicon,andyou______visitAsiaandAfricainonlytwohours!A．Click;will B．Toclick;can C．Clicking;/ D．Toclick;/【答案】A【解析】句意：点击图标，您将在两小时内游览亚洲和非洲！考查祈使句及一般将来时。第一空前缺少主语，此处用“祈使句，and+陈述句”结构，祈使句以动词原形开头，可直接排除BCD；结合“inonlytwohours”可知and后分句用一般将来时，其结构为willdo。故选A。12．Smileattheworld,______theworldwillsmilebackatyou.A．but B．and C．as D．or【答案】B【解析】句意：对世界微笑，世界也会对你微笑。考查连词辨析。but但是；and和；as由于；or或者。此句是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的结构，前后句是并列递进的关系，用连词and连接，故选B。13．—Pleasedon’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.—______.A．No,Iwon’t B．No,Iwill C．Yes,Iwon’t D．Yes,Iwill【答案】A【解析】句意：—离开房间时，请别忘了关门。—好的，我不会忘的。考查祈使句的回答。祈使句一般用将来时态进行回应，根据“Pleasedon’tforget…”可知，此处应据实回答，“好的，我不会忘的”，故选A。14．“Putonyourcoat,______youwillcatchacold!”Thisiswhatmymotheroftensaystome.A．and B．but C．or D．so【答案】C【解析】句意：“穿上你的外套，否则你会感冒！”这是我妈妈经常跟我说的。考查连词辨析。and和；but但是；or否则；so所以。根据“Putonyourcoat,…youwillcatchacold”可知，此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的结构，穿上外套否则就会感冒，故选C。15．—Mike,______offthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.—OK,Mr.White.A．turn B．turns C．toturn D．turning【答案】A【解析】句意：—迈克，当你离开教室的时候请关灯。—好的，白先生。考查动词时态。turn旋转。根据语境可知，本题考查祈使句，用动词原形，turnoff表示关灯，故选A。16．—Remember______theclassroomafterschool.—OK.I______.A．cleaning;do B．toclean;do C．cleaning;will D．toclean;will【答案】D【解析】句意：—记得放学后打扫教室。—好的。我会的。考查非谓语动词。短语remembertodosth.记得（去）做某事（这件事还没有做），rememberdoingsth.记得做了某事（这件事已经做了）。根据“afterschool.”以及回答“OK….”可知这件事没有做，第一个空格处应用toclean；第二空所在句子是个省略句，表示将会做，用一般将来时。故选D。17．—I'mleavingnow.—______youturnoffthelightsandtheputer.A．Makesure B．Tomakesure C．Findout D．Tofindout【答案】A【解析】句意：—我现在要走了。—确保你关掉了灯和电脑。考查动词短语和祈使句。makesure确保；findout查明。根据“youturnoffthelightsandtheputer”可知，离开时要确保电器都是关闭状态，此句是祈使句，用动词原形开头，故选A。二.Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.【精讲】①向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时可用祈使句。祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头,否定形式在前面加上donot/don't/neverEg.Bequiet,please.请安静。 Don'tmakeanynoise.不要发出噪音。祈使句的反义疑问句用willyouEg.Pleasebequiet,willyou?Don'tmakeanynoise,willyou?祈使句的回答Yes/OK,Iwill.或No/OK,Iwon't.Eg.—Pleasebequiet,willyou?—Yes,Iwill(bequiet).—Don'tmakeanynoise,willyou?—No,Iwon't(makeanynoise).No+doing/n.! Eg.Nosmoking!/Nophotos!②cutvt.剪下,切下,割下(cutcutcut/cutting) cutout剪出带有cut的常见短语:cutdown砍倒 cutin(onsb/sth)打断(谈话) cut...short缩短三.Pleasedon'tgiveup.Keeptryingandyouwillfindyoucanrememberthingsbetter.【精讲】①giveup放弃giveupsth/doingsth放弃某物，放弃做某事(giveitup)Eg.giveupsmoking戒烟②keepdoingsth.一直不断做某事③句式结构:祈使句+and/or+陈述句(多用将来时).和if条件状语从句可以同义转换。Eg.Hurryup,oryouwillmissthetrain.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,youwillmissthetrain.Hurryup,andyouwillcatchthetrain.=Ifyouhurryup,youwillcatchthetrain.三.Youhadbetternot/shouldn’tbeginyourworkwithoutreadingthem.【精讲】①beginvt.&vi.开始,着手(beginbeganbegun)begintodo/doingsth=starttodo/doingbeginningn.开始,起初 Eg.inthebeginning一开始②withoutprep.没有 withoutsb./sth./doing Eg.ahousewithoutagarden没有花园的房子withouttrouble轻松地、轻易地 withoutgettingfat没有发胖 withoutstopping不停歇withoutsb.不带某人/没有某人 Eg.Let'sgowithouthim.不带他,我们走吧。③patientadj.耐心的 Eg.bepatientwithchildren对孩子们有耐心n.病人 Eg.cancerpatients癌症病人分层练习分层练习【基础练习】一一、根据句子意思和所给提示，用合适的单词填空1.He’dliketop________hisbedroomblue.2.Icanrememberwords________(well)thanbefore.3.Don’t________(触摸)thedog.Itmaybiteyou.4.There

is

a

straight

line

under

the

________(句子).

5.I

need

two

_________(张)

of

papertofinishmyhomework.6.This

knife

is

sharp(锋利的).

Don’t

_________(切到)

yourself!【答案】1.paint2.better3.touch4.sentence5.pieces6.cut二、根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.Please__________(bring)mesomethingtoeat.2.Let’s__________(watch)thesportsgamestogether.

3.__________(notbe)afraid,Millie.ewithme.4.__________(eat)toomuchisbadforyourhealth.5.___________(hurry)up,boysandgirls,orwe’llbelate.6.Mr.Blacktoldus__________(nottouch)thewetpaint.7.__________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.【答案】1.bring2.watch3.Don’tbe4.Eating/Toeat5.Hurry6.nottotouch7.Give三、按要求句型转换，每空一词1.Closethewindow,please(改为否定句)________________________thewindow.2.Youmustbecarefulnexttime,Julie.(改为祈使句)________________nexttime,Julie.3.Youmustn’tplaywithmatches.Itisdangerous.(改为祈使句)________________________matches.Itisdangerous.4.Don’tforgettoturnoffthelights,please.(改为反意疑问句)Don’tforgettoturnoffthelights,________________?5.Ifyouworkharder,you’lldobetterinEnglish.________________,________you’lldobetterinEnglish.(改为同义句)【答案】1.Pleasedon’tclose2.Becareful3.Don’tplaywith4.willyou5.Workharder;and四、根据汉语意思，完成下列句子，每空填一词1.务必告诉他这个消息！________________himthenews!2.打开电视，看看CCTV5放映什么节目。________________theTVandsee_______________________onCCTV5.3.老师建议我别玩电脑游戏。Theteacheradvisedme_________________________________putergames.4.他用剪刀从报上剪下这张图片。He

_________________the

picture

from

the

newspaper________apairof________.

【答案】1.Dotell2.Turnon;whatison3.togiveupplaying4.cutout;with;scissors二一、按要求句型转换，每空一词1.Youshouldputthegoldfishinthesun.(改为否定句)You________________thegoldfishinthesun.2.Youhadbettergothereonfoot.(改为否定句)You’d________________________thereonfoot.3.Weshouldputtherubbishinthebin.(对划线部分提问)________________we________therubbish?4.It’sbetterforustoworkhardatourlessons.(改为同义句)________________workhardatourlessons.【答案】1.shouldn’tput2.betternotgo3.Whereshould;put4.We’dbetter二、根据汉语意思，完成下列句子1.耐心一点，你会学好数学的。________________,________you’lllearnMathswell.2.对于这件事，我只是略知皮毛。I__________________________________

this

matter.

3.火柴可能导致危险，你最好不要摆弄它们。_________canbe________.______________________________________.4.有时干“自己动手做”的活，要花挺长的时间。Sometimesit’lltaketime__________________________________________.5.开始工作前，你应该先读读这些说明。You________________________________________beforeyoustarttowork.【答案】1.Bepatient;and2.knowalittleabout3.Matches;dangerous;You’dbetternotplaywiththem4.todoaDIYjob5.shouldreadtheinstructionsfirst三．用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空，使短文完整It’seasyforpeople1________(catch)coldinwinterorspring.Butwecanalsodoalot

tostayhealthy.Hereissomeadvice.Washyourhandsoften,anditwillstopgerms(细菌)

passingfromonepersontoanother.2________

(notuse)yourhandswhencoughing(咳嗽).Useatissue(纸巾),andthenthrowitawayatonce.3________(turn)yourheadawayfrompeoplenearyouwhenyou

arecoughing.Getsomefreshair.Germslikestayinginwetandwarmroom.Soyou’dbetter

4________

(keep)yourwindowopenatnightwhenyouaresleeping,oryou5________(nothave)enoughfreshair.Ifflu(流感)isgoingaroundyourhouseorschool,youshould

6________(try)tostayawayfromthosewho

areill.Remember

toboil(煮)yourtowel(毛巾)forabouta

minutetokillgerms.【答案】1.tocatch2.Don’tuse3.Turn4.keep5.won’thave6.try【能力拓展】完型填空Beingsafeatschoolandinyoureverydaylifeneedsknowledge.Ifyourememberthefollowinginformation,yourlifewillbemuch1.●Always2theenvironmentaroundyou.Youshouldn’twalkaloneoutside.3thatyouknowwherethepublicphonesare.If4dangeroushappens,youcanfindthemquickly.●Don’tuseearphones(耳机)whenrunningintheschoolyardorinthestreet.Youwillkeepyourselffromtheoutsideworldandthat5bedangerous.●Schoolbagsshouldbecarriedtowardsthe6ofyourbodyinsteadofbeingputonyourback.Whenbusesarecrowded,itiseasyenoughforthievestosteal(偷)thethingsinyourbagsonyourback.●If7strangerfollowsyou,crossthestreetandgointheotherdirection(方向).Letthestranger8thatyouknowheorsheisthere.Next,goandgethelpfrom9ifnecessary.Don’tgohomedirectly(直接地).Youaresaferinthestreetthanyouareinyourhomeorinalift.●Ifyouhavetotakeabustoaplacefaraway,trytogettothestopafewminutesbeforethebusesleave,Thisstopsotherpeople10studyingyou.Onbuses,don’tsitalone.Sitbehindthedriverorwithfriends.Don’tsleep.1．A．safe B．safely C．safer D．safety2．A．noticing B．notice C．noticed D．notices3．A．Makeup B．Makeinto C．Makeout D．Makesure4．A．nobody B．anything C．everybody D．