虚拟语气复习专题

虚拟语气复习专题一、考点聚焦

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。如：IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。如：Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形。如；Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

条件状语从句主

句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形Would/should/cold/might+动词原形

有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主语”。如：WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.Ifitwerenotfor…与现在事实相反，ifithadnotbeenfor与过去事实相反，两个都相当于butfor/without：

Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butfor/withouthishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.

介词或介词短语，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。

Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeenthe

leadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.

A.Inspiteof

B.Butfor

C.Becauseof

D.Asfor

答案选B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.2、虚拟语气在wish之后的使用（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：

Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.

IwishIcouldflylikeabird.3、虚拟语气在asif/asthough之后的使用（1）虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来could/woulddo时。如：Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.

混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.

该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式hadbeen。11、含蓄虚拟条件句（1）介词或介词短语，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。Theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.A.Inspiteof

B.Butfor

C.Becauseof

D.Asfor

答案选B。Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(2)连词，如：sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……)，forfearthat(唯恐)，inorderthat,onconditionthat,ifonly(要是……就好了)等。Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.=ifshelistenedcarefully,shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.

(注：lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：

Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。（3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but,otherwise,unfortunately等类似转折词。Ithoughtthechildren

whenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.A.weresleeping

B.wouldbesleeping

C.hadbeensleeping

D.wouldsleep选择B。

二、精典名题导解1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken解析：答案为C。本题考查的是asif引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，asif引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用werebroken。2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascome

B.didcome

C.came

D.hadcome解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake

B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken

D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。预备练习1.Theguestrecommended_______

_

___(把音乐关掉).2.Ihope______________

______(我能像鸟一样).3.Ifhehadknownthisnewsearlier,he_____________

__(不会做出这样的傻事).4.Youradvicethat__________

___(我们好好休息一下)isacceptedbyusall.5.Thecommandergaveanorderthatallthesoldiers___

________(准备打下一次战役).6.Itisnecessarythateverystudent________

____(有一本英英词典).7.Youcanborrowmybikeifyou__________

___(今天能还给我).8.Withoutyourtimelyhelp,I___________

___(无法独自完成任务).9.IfonlyI____________

__(是个百万富翁).10.Johninsistedthatwe________

_____(再试一次).动词填空Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofeachwordgiveninthebrackets.1.Itisimportantthatwe________(learn)somethingaboutcomputer.2.Itwasapitythatyou________(be)socarelessinthetest.3.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhe_________(study)EnglishinEngland.4.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe________(make)astudyteamtostudymoreefficiently.5.Ifyou_________(take)myadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedinthehistoryexamination.6.Itwillbedesiredthatshe_______(finish)herhomeworkthisafternoon.7.Thedoctororderedthatthepatient__________(stay)inbedforafewdays.8._______you_______(arrive)atthehotelearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.9.Mayyou__________(be)happy!10.Itishightimewe________(leave)now.11.Neverinmylife______I_________(hear)suchathing.12.Ifyouhadworkedveryhardthismorning,you_______(be)tirednow.13.Ifyou_________(come)thedayaftertomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.14._________(be)itnotforthehighexpense,IwouldflytotheUnitedStatestospendmyholiday.15.I’dratherthatyou__________(learn)thenewsbeforeItellyou.

单项选择练习1.Theyinsistedthatyou________themaquickanddefiniteanswer.

A.shouldgive

B.willgive

C.mustgive

D.wouldgive2.IinsistedthatI________thebooktohim,buthejustwuoldn’tbelieveme.

A.shouldreturn

B.hadreturned

C.willreturn

D.wasreturning3.You__________tomybirthdaypartyyesterdayasyouhadpromised,butwhatwasthereasonforyourabsence?

A.havecome

B.came

C.shouldhavecome

D.hadcome4.Therewasplentyoftime,you__________.

A.mustn’thavehurried

B.couldn’thavehurried

C.needn’thavehurried

D.wouldn’thavehurried5.ProfessorLididn’tcomeyesterday,orI________chancetodiscusstheproblemwithhim.

A.wouldhave

B.weretohave

C.mighthavehad

D.hadhad6.Therichmanactsasifhe_________everythingintheworld.

A.knew

B.know

C.willknow

D.hadknow7.Theoldmansuggestedthattheplan_________.

A.willbepassed

B.mustbepassed

C.notbepassed

C.pass8.Theyounggirlinsistedthatshe________totheyoungmansheloved.

A.wouldbeengaged

B.beengagedto

C.shouldengage

D.mustbeengaged9.－HaveyoubeentotheNationalGallery?

－No,butIreallywishI________.A.will

B.did

C.have

D.had10.________,wewouldstillbeleadingahardlife.

A.Havewenotfoundanewjob

B.Hadwenotfoundahigh-paidjob

C.Sincewehavefoundanewjob

D.Ifwehaven’tfondahigh-paidjob11.______,hewouldhavepassedtheentranceexamination.

A.Hadheworkedharder

B.Ifhewasworkinghard

C.Ifhehasbeenworkingharder

D.Ifheworkedharder12.Themandiedofheartattackjusnow.Ifhe_______tothehospitalhalfanhourearlier,thedoctormighthavesavedhislife.

A.wassent

B.hasbeensent

C.hadbeensent

D.hadsent13.Whatwouldyoudoifthewar_________?

A.willbreakout

B.weretobreakout

C.wouldbreakout

D.isbrokenout14.Theshopkeepermovedtoanothercitylastyear,otherwisebe_______inourneighborhood.

A.willstillwork

B.shouldstillwork

C.wouldhaveworked

D.wouldstillbeworking15.Ifit__________sohard,hewouldgotobuysomefruitinthesupermarket.

A.weren’training

B.isn’training

C.doesn’train

D.isn’tgoingtorain16.Withoutyourhelp,ourproject_________already.

A.wouldhavefailed

B.wouldn’tfail

C.wouldn’thavefailed

D.hasfailed17.________fortheclouds,youwouldfindtheballoonsintheskyeasily.

A.Ifithadn’tbeen

B.Ifitwasnot

C.Wereitnot

D.Haditnotbeen18.Thekidtalksinpublicabouthisdreamasifhe_______agrown-up.

A.was

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.is19.Shewasillinbedthatday,otherwiseshe_______thefirstprize.

A.wouldwin

B.hadwon

C.shouldwin

D.wouldhavewon20.Thestudentscouldn’tworkouttheproblemifhe________Unit3.

A.hadn’tstudied

B.didn’tstudy

C.wouldn’tstudyD.hasn’tstudied21.Itisabouttimewe________home.

A.go

B.havegone

C.went

D.wouldgo22.Father_________meapresentformybirthday,buthewasshortofmoneyatthetime.

A.wouldbuy

B.hadbought

C.wouldhavebought

D.bought23.Hemadeaproposalthatameeting________todiscusstheproblem.

A.beheld

B.shouldhold

C.willbeheld

D.washeld24.Motherdidn’tgiveareply,whichsuggestedthatshe_______tothechild’sidea.

A.agree

B.agreed

C.agrees

D.willagree25.Itisnaturalthatchildren_______withmother.

A.bestayed

B.stayed

C.stay

D.willstay26.I_________tostayhereforaboutamonth,butIchangedmymind.

A.hadhoped

B.wouldhavehoped

C.musthope

D.hoped27.Hewenttolistentothelectureatlastbecausehe________nothingaboutthelecturewithoutattendingit.

A.wouldknow

B.wouldhaveknown

C.didn’tknow

D.knew28.Hegotupearlierthanbeforesothathe_________theearlybusthattime.

A.wouldhavecaught

B.caught

C.shouldcatch

D.mightcatch29._________theengineercome,themachinewouldgetrepaired.

A.Would

B.Will

C.Should

D.Had30.I_________thetaskalreadyifIhadhadenoughtime.

A.wouldhavefinished

B.wouldfinish

C.hadfinished

D.shouldfinish31.－IsawBettyinthelibraryyesterday.－You__________her,sheisstillinhospital.A.mustn’thaveseen

B.couldnotsee

C.can’thaveseen

D.mustnotsee32.Hardly_________hisspeechwhenhesawtheaudienceriseasone.

A.hadhefinished

B.didhefinish

C.hefinished

D.hehadfinished33.________thefriendshipbetweenourtwopeoplelastforever!

A.Could

B.May

C.Would

D.Must34.IfI________himtomorrow,Iwillinvitehimhome.

A.shouldsee

B.willsee

C.wouldsee

D.see35.Ifwe_______enoughrain,wecoldhavegainedagoodharvest.

A.hadhad

B.had

C.havehad

D.have36.WereItenyearsyounger,I________alloveragain.

A.willstart

B.wouldstart

C.havestarted

D.willhavestarted37.It’sabouttimewe_______agooddiscussionaboutwhatyouhavedonerecently.

A.shouldhave

B.have

C.havehad

D.willhave38.ThearticlesuggeststhatvitaminC_______veryimportantforourhealth.

A.shouldbe

B.willbe

C.is

D.was39.I’dratherwe_________arestrightnow.

A.have

B.had

C.havehad

D.hadhad40.Ifhe_______thedoctor’sadvice,he_______quiteallrightnow.

A.followed;wouldbe

B.hadfollowed;wouldbe

C.hadfollowed,wouldhavebeen

D.hasfollowed;willbe41.You______hisparents.Theyhavealreadyknownaboutit.

A.needn’thavetold

B.don’thavetold

C.wouldn’thavetold

D.oughttohavetold42.Itisveryimportantthatone_______aforeignlanguage.

A.mastered

B.hasmastered

C.shouldmaster

D.tomaster43.－Aretheregoingtobemanyguestsatyourpartytoday?－Wehopethat_______.A.therewillbe

B.therearegoing

C.thereare

D.theregoingtobe44.－Barbarasatinthefrontseatontheleftsideoftheclassroom.－Oh!Ithoughtshe_______intheback.A.issitting

B.hadsat

C.willsit

D.sat45.Itisstrangethathe_________backatthistime.

A.willcome

B.shouldhavecome

C.wouldcome

D.hadcome45.IfonlyI_______mykeys!

A.hadn’tlost

B.wouldn’tlose

C.wouldcome

D.hadcome46.IfonlyI_______mykeys!

A.hadn’tlost

B.wouldn’tlose

C.haven’tlost

D.didn’tlose47.Butforwater,it________impossibletoliveinthedesert.

A.is

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.willbe48.Iwishhe________suchabadtoothachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.didn’thave

B.hadn’thave

C.hadn’thad

D.hadn’t49.Heisalwaystalkingaboutlifeabroadasifhe__________abroad.

A.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.been

D.was50.Theprofessordemandedthatthehomework________beforenextFriday.

A.mustbehandedin

B.wouldbehandedin

C.behandedin

D.mustbehandedin真题自测1.Whereismypen?I_______it.

A.mightlose

B.wouldhavelost

C.shouldhavelost

D.musthavelost2.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

A.mighthavegiven

B.mightgive

C.mayhavegiven

D.maygive3.We________lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

A.musthavestudied

B.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudied

D.wouldstudy4.Tomoughtnotto________meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.

A.havetold

B.tell

C.betelling

D.havingtold5.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.

A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitout

C.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout6.－Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.－It______acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbe

B.shouldn’tbe

C.mustn’thavebeen

D.couldn’t’havebeen7.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_________inturn,you_____sotired.

A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot8.－Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?

－I______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had

B.would

C.wasgoingto

D.did9.－IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

－Oh,didyou?You_______withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed10.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.

A.mustn’tleave

B.shouldn’thaveleft

C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave11.IwishI_________youyesterday.

A.seen

B.didsee

C.hadseen

D.wertosee12.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_______quitedifficulttoday.

A.is

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe13.Sorry,I’mlate.I_______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.

A.might

B.should

C.can

D.will14.Shewasthankfulthatshe’dhadherbabyinhospital;otherwise,shethought,thebaby________.

A.died

B.haddied

C.mighthavedied

D.mightdie15.You_______allthosecalculations!Wehaveacomputertodothatsortofthing.

A.needn’thavedone

B.shouldn’thavedoneC.mustnothavedone

D.cannothavedone16.Theroomisinterriblemess;it_______cleaned.

A.can’thavebeen

B.shouldn’thavebeen

C.mustn’thavebeen

D.wouldn’thavebeen

虚拟语气讲解虚拟语气第一部分：语气的定义和种类1语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：①Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每个问题都有两个方面。②Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老师啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：①Neverbelateagain!再也不要迟到了。②Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.别忘了关灯。⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：①IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。②IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。③Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：⑴.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoshowmethewaytothepostoffice?告诉我去邮局的路好吗？⑵.Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。⑴、Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好运！⑵、Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐！⑶、Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就！⑷、Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩的痛快。⑸、Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。⑹、Mayyoubehappy.(注意那个be)祝你幸福。2、用动词原形。例如：(1).Longlivethepeople!人民万岁！(2).“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”(3).Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）(1).Godsaveme．(2).Heavenhelpus．四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(SimplePresent)，如：work,be,go4.否定形式的