公路专业术语中英文对照（应用文）

公路专业术语（中英文对照）文档信息主题:关于"外语学习"中"英语词汇"的参考范文。主题:关于"外语学习"中"英语词汇"的参考范文。属性:适用:Doc-99TB49,doc格式，正文28217字。质优实惠，欢迎下载!属性:适用:作为内容写作的参考文案，解决如何写作、正确编写文案格式、内容摘取等相关工作。目录TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"目录 1\o"CurrentDocument"正文 1hoiDescription ιIloO章：术语和定义 41101描述 41102术语和定义 4一条双向车道路两个车道之间的区域。 30正文公路专业术语（中英文对照）D!VISION1100:TERMSANDDEFINITIO1101DESCRIPTIONInthisSpecificatiothefollowingterms,wordsorexpressioshallhavethemeaningsherebyassignedtothem.Forclarifyandeaseofu∩detandingfcertaincross-sectionalandpavementstructureelementsareillustratedinfigures1,2and3o1102TERMSANDDEFINITIOAggregateHardmineralelementsofcotructionmaterialmixtures,forexample:sand,gravel(crushedoruncrushed)orcrushedrockoAnchorageAnchorageisthedevicecomprisingallthecomponentsandmaterialsrequiredforretainingtheforceinateionedtendonandtotramitthisforcetotheconcreteoftheStructureoAnchoragereinforcementAnchoragereinforcementisthespiralandotherreinforcementwhichformspartoftheanchorageandisrequiredforstrengtheningtheanchorageand/orassistingintramittingthetendonforcetotheconcreteoAngleofSlopeUnlessotherwisestated,isgivenintermsoftheratiooftheverticaldifferenceinelevationbetweenanytwopointsandthehorizontaldistancebetweenthem.ThisratiomayalsobeexpressedasapercentageoArisingToolAtoolusedtoroundofftheedgeofaconcreteslab0AsphaltAmixturetopredeterminedproportioofaggregate,fillerandbituminousbindermaterialpreparedofftheroadandusuallyplacedbymeaofapavingmachine.AsphaltConcreteAmixturetopredeterminedproportioofaggregate,fillerandbituminousbindermaterialplantmixandusuallyplacedbymeaofapavingmachine.AsphaltSurfacingThelayerorIayeofasphaltconcretecotructedontopoftheroadbase.BackFillExcavatedmaterial,whichisplacedandcompactedintrenchesandaroundfoundatiooBaseAlayerofmaterialcotructedontopofthesubbase,orintheabsencethereof,theselectedlayer.Abasemayextendtooutsidethetravelledwayo7700章：术语和定义1101描述在本规范中，下列术语、词语和表达的含义以以下规定为准。为表达清楚和易于理解，某些路面衔接部分要素和路面结构要素在图表1、2、3中有插图。1102术语和定义骨料由建筑材料混合而成的硬质矿物物质，如沙子、石子（粉碎或未粉碎）或碎石。锚具一种装置，有保持绷紧钢筋束的力量并将其传送到构造混凝土所需的所有部件和材料组成。锚固钢筋锚固钢筋是螺旋状的或其它类型的钢筋，是锚具的一部分，用来加强锚具并/或辅助传送钢筋束力量到混凝土。坡度任意两点之间的垂直高度差与水平距离之比例，另有规定的除外。此比例也可以用百分比表示。磨圆机用于磨圆混凝土块棱角的工具。沥青由预定比例的骨料、填充物和含沥青的黏合剂构成的混合物，在道路以外备好，通常用铺路机进行铺筑。沥青混凝土由预定比例的骨料、填充物和含沥青的黏合剂、厂拌混合料构成的混合物，通常用铺路机进行铺筑。沥青路面建在路基上面的一层或多层沥青混凝土。堆积料挖出的土料，装填并压实进沟渠和地基周围。基层建筑在底基层之上或（底基层缺失时）建在选定层之上的一层材料。基层可以延伸至通行道之外。BatterBoardAboardofwoodfixedtopostsatthetopofcuttingsorthebottomofembankmentswhichindicatestheslopeatwhichthecuttingorembankmentistobecotructed.BinderAmaterialsuchasbitumen,cementorlime,whichisaddedtoandmixedintoaggregate,granularmaterialsorsoilstobindthemixturetogetheroBitumenAclassofblackordark-coloured(solid,semisolidzorviscous)cementitioussubstances,naturalormanufactured,composedprincipallyofhighmolecularweighthydrocarbo,ofwhichasphalts,ta,pitches,andasphaltitesaretypicaloBondbreakerBondbreakeristhecoatingorsheathplacedonatendontopreventitfrombondingtothesurroundingconcreteoBondStoneAbondstoneisanelongatedprismoidalstoneincorporatedwiththelongestdimeionatrightanglestothefaceofamasonrystructuretoprovidestructuralintegrity.BorrowArea/BorrowPitAnarea,withindesignatedboundaries,outsidethePermanentWorks,approvedforthepurposeofobtainingfillorpavementmaterials.AborrowpitistheexcavatedpitinaborrowareaoBorrowMaterialBorrowmaterialisageneraltermusedtodescribematerialobtainedfromaborrowpitoBoulderAfragmentofrock,usuallyroundedbyweatheringorabrasion,withaminimumdimeionof200mmormoreobridgeAstructureerectedoveradepression,river,watercouezrailwayline,roadorotherobstacleforcarryingmotor,railway,pedestrianorothertrafficorservicesandhavingalength,measuredbetweenabutmentfacesalongthecentrelineoftheSupetructurelof6metreormoreoButingreinforcementButingreinforcementisthereinforcingsteelrequiredinandadjacenttotheanchoragezonestoresisttheteilestressesinducedintheconcretebythea∩chorage(s)CableCableisthetendon,togetherwiththeanchorage,sheathingandallfittings.CaliforniaBearingRatio(Cbr)TheCaliforniaBearingRatio(Cbr)ofanuntreatedsoilorgravelasdeterminedbymeaofMethodA8ofTMH1istheloadinNewto,expressedasapercentageofCaliforniastandardvalues,requiredtoallowacircularpistonof1,935mm2topenetratethesurfaceofacompactedmaterialatarateofmmperminutetodepthsof,andmmo定斜板一块木版，固定在路堑顶部或路堤底部的杆子上，用于指示即将建设的路堑或路堤的坡度。黏合剂添加并混合在骨料、颗粒材料或土壤中，以便将混合物黏合在一起的材料，如沥青、水泥或石灰。沥青一种黑色或暗色的（固态，半固态或粘性的）黏性的物质，天然的或制造的，主要由高分子重氢碳组成，其中以沥青、柏油、树脂和天然沥青岩最为典型。防粘接材料防粘接材料是放置于钢筋束上的涂料或护套，以防止钢筋束与周围的混凝土粘合在一起。束石束石是一种长棱体状的石头，垂直于石工构造表面与其最长处结合，用来确保构造完整性。取土区/坑在指定界限以内，永久性工程以外，批准用于获取填料或路面材料的区域。取土坑是在取土区内挖掘出来的坑。取土材料取土材料是用来描述从取土坑获取的材料的统称。圆石石头的一种，通常由于自然风化或磨损而变圆，尺寸在200毫米及以上。桥梁建在低洼处、河流、水道，火车线路、公路之上的构造或其它用于承载汽车、火车道、人行道或其它交通设施的障碍物，沿上层建筑中心线测量，桥瞰面之间的长度在6米或6米以上。防爆钢筋防爆钢筋是指在锚具区内或其附近需要的，用于抵抗由锚具在混凝土中引起的张力的钢筋。缆绳缆绳即前述用于锚具、护套和绑定的钢绳。加州承载比(Cbr)由TMHl办法A8决定的未经破坏的土壤层或砂砾层的加利福尼亚轴承载比是以牛顿计量的负载，以加利福尼亚标准值的百分数表示，要求能使面积1,935平方毫米的圆形活塞以每分钟毫米的速度穿过压实土的表层，至毫米，毫米和毫米的深度.这三个深度的对应的加利福尼亚标准值分别是，和.TheCaliforniastandardvaluesforthesedepthsare,andkNrespectively0CappingLayerAlayerofselectedfillmaterialplacedonthetopofthetopmostembankmentlayerorthebottomofexcavationoCarriagewayThatportionoftheroadwayincludingthevarioustrafficlanesandauxiliarylanesbutexcludingshouldeoCatchwaterDrainorBankAlongitudinaldrainorbankoutsidetheroadprismfordivertingwaterthatwouldotherwiseflowintotheroadprismoCementedMaterialMaterialinanexistingpavementwhichcannotbebrokenupwiththetinesofatype1400caterpillarorsimilarroadgrader.Cementedcrushedstoneiscementedmaterialcotructedwithcrushedstone.AnexistingstabilizedpavementlayerwillnotnecessarilybeclassifiedascementedmaterialoChannelAnaturalorartificialwatercoue.CharacteristicstrengthCharacteristicstrengthofprestressingsteelisthemanufacturer'sguaranteedteilestrengthbelowwhichnomorethan5percentofthetestresultsinastatisticalpopulationshallfalloCharacteristicStrengthofConcreteThecharacteristicstrengthofconcreteisthatstrengthbelowwhichonlyapre-selectedproportionoftestresults(1%,2%or5%)areexpectedtofalloChippingsChippingsaresinglesizedparticlesofcrushedrockzcrushedboulde,crushedcobblesorcrushedgravelusedforsurfacedressing.CoaeAggregateCoaeaggregateismaterialretainedonthesieveoCobbleAfragmentofrock,usuallyroundedbyweatheringorabrasion,withaminimumdimeionof60mmandamaximumdimeionof200mmoCoefficientofUniformityThecoefficientofuniformityistheratioofthesievesizethroughwhich60%bymassofthematerialpassestothesievesizethroughwhich10%bymasspasses.ComplianceTestingTestingofthecompletedworkstoascertaincomplianceoftherequirementsoftheSpecification0面层铺置于路堤层最上方或者挖掘层底部的一层挑选的填料∙车道公路的一部分，包括各种交通车道和辅助车道，但是不包括公路路肩.排水沟或便道路体外面的将水从路体导出的纵向的排水道•水泥硬化材料1400型履带平地机或类似的平地机不能破碎的已有路面中的材料。素碎是用碎石、水泥硬化而成的水泥硬化材料。已有硬化路面层没必要归类为水泥硬化材料。水渠自然的或人工的水道。特征强度预加强钢筋的性能强度是指制造商保证的拉伸强度，在此拉伸强度之下不得有大于5%的统计测试结果出现。混凝土性能强度混凝土性能强度是指在此强度之下只可能出现预定的测试结果比例（即1%,2%或5%碎石碎石是大小一致的粉碎岩石、圆石、鹅卵石或沙砾石，用于表面修整。粗骨料粗骨料是经筛选实验留在筛子上的材料。鹅卵石石头的一种，通常由于自然风化或磨损变圆，尺寸最小60毫米，最大200毫米。均匀系数均匀系数是指材料的60%通过的筛孔与材料的10%通过的筛孔的比例。复查实验对已完工程的实验，以确定符合说明的要求。CouplerCoupleristhedevicecomprisingallcomponentsrequiredtojoinuptwotendooCrushedParticleAcrushedparticleisaparticleofcoaeaggregate,whichhasatleastthreefracturedfaceswhenobtainedbycrushingrockandboulde,andatleasttwofracturedfaceswhenobtainedbycrushinggraveloCrushedRatioThecrushedratioisthepercentageofcrushedparticlesofcoaeaggregateinthetotalnumberofparticlesofcoaeaggregate.CulvertAdrainagestructurewhichprovidesanopeningunderthecarriagewayormedianforthepassageofwateroCuringCompoundAliquidwhichisappliedasasurfacecoatingto(newlyplaced)concreteandhardetoformamembranethatinhibitstheevaporationofmoisturefromtheconcreteoCutCutshallmeanallexcavatedmaterialfromtheroadprismincludingsidedraioCuttingThatportionoftheroadprismfromwherematerialisexcavatedtosubgradeorroadbedIeveloDeflectorDeflectoristhedeviceusedtodeflectatendonalignmentwithinastructuralelement0DuctDuctisthevoidformedtohousethetendon(s)andmaybeformedbycoring,orbyusingsheathsorbywayofextractablecores.EarthworksTheexcavationofmaterialfromcuttingsand/orthecotructionofembankments.EmbankmentThatportionoftheroadprismcomposedofapprovedfillmaterial,whichliesabovetheoriginalgroundandisboundedbythesideslopes,describedintheContract,extendingdownwardsandoutwardsfromtheoutershoulderbreakpointsandonwhichthepavementisCOtructedoEquipmentAllmachinery,togetherwiththenecessarysuppliesforupkeepandmaintenance,andalsoalltoolsandapparatusnecessaryforthepropercotructionandacceptablecompletionoftheworkoExcessOverburdenOverburdenwithinaborrowareawhichisnotrequiredorisuuitableforuseinCotruction0连结装置连结装置是由将两个钢筋束连接起来所需的所有部件组成的装置。粉碎粒料粉碎粒料是粗骨料的一种，通过粉碎岩石和圆石获得的至少有三个断裂面，从粉碎沙砾石获得的至少有两个断裂面。粉碎率粉碎率是指粉碎粒料在粗骨料粉碎时所占的百分比。涵洞一种排水构造，在车道下或中间，有一个开口供水流过。养护混合物一种用做（刚铺筑的）混凝土和硬质物表面涂层的液体，以形成禁止水气从混凝土蒸发的隔膜。挖方挖方指从路体（包括侧边排水管道）挖掘出的全部材料。路堑低于原地面，需要填方到路基、路床的挖方地基。钢筋弯折机钢筋弯折机在一个结构装置内弯折钢筋的装置。管道管道是为装钢筋而制成的孔洞，可以通过挖空、外加保护壳或抽芯形成。土方工程从路堑或建造路堤开挖的材料。路堤路堤是路体的一部分，按合同要求由批准材料填充在原始路面之上填充而成，并由路肩外边向外、向下延伸形成边坡，路面就建在路堤上。设备所有机器，包括机器维修保养所需供应，另外还有正确施工和可接受的完工所需的所有工具和机械设备。清表在取土区内清除不符合要求的或不适用于建筑的表土。FalseworkSupportforconcreteformwork.FillMaterialwhichisusedforthecotructionofembankmentsoFillerProcessedornaturallyoccurringmaterialpassingthe75micronsievewhichisprincipallyusedtoimprovethecombinedaggregategradingandthusreducetheairvoidscontentofbituminousmixturesoFineAggregateFineaggregateiscrushedornaturallyoccurringmaterialpassingthesieveoFootwayAnareanormallyadjacenttothecarriagewayprovidedfortheusebypedestriaoFormworkTemporaryboardingorsheetingerectedtocontainconcreteduringplacing,compactingandinitialhardeningoFurrowDitchAlongitudinaldrainorbankoutsidetheroadprismfordivertingwaterthatwouldotherwiseflowontotheroadprismoGabioGabiocoistofwovensteelmeshboxesormattressesfilledwithstone.GradelineThegradelineisareferencelineinthedrawingsofthelongitudinalsectiooftheroadindicatingatregularintervalstheelevatioaccordingtowhichtheroadistobecotructedoThegradelinemayrefertothelevelofthecompletedroad,baseoranyotherlayerandmayindicatetheelevatioeitheralongthecarriagewaycenterlineoralonganydesignatedpositionontheroadcross-section.GradingModuIus(GM)Thecumulativepercentagesbymassofmaterialinarepresentativesampleofaggregate,gravelorsoilretainedonthe,andsieves,dividedby100oGravelGravelisnaturallyoccurring,roundedzgranularmaterialwithaparticlesizeoffrom2mmto60mm.(ItdoesnotapplytoGraveIWearingCoues)GroutCheckArecessformedatconcretecotructionjoints,whichmaybefilledwithgrout;tomask,andeureastraightlineto,thejoint.HighwayAgeneraltermdenotingapublicwayforpurposesofvehiculartravel,includingtheentireareawithintheright-of-wayoInletandOutletDrainageChannelsChannelsleadingintoordischargingfromculverts,storm-waterdraiandminorbridgeso脚手架混凝土模具的支撑。路堤填料用于建设路堤的材料。矿粉通过75微米筛网的经过处理的或自然形成的材料，主要用于改善混合骨料的碾压并因此降低沥青混合物中的空气含量。细骨料细骨料是指粉碎的或自然形成的能通过毫米筛网的材料。人行道供行人使用的区域，通常邻近车道。模板铺筑、压缩和初步加硬过程中用来容纳混凝土的临时支起的木板或挡板。排水沟路体以外的纵向排水管道或堤坝，用于将水排出，使其不能流入路体。石筐石筐由编织的钢丝筐或填满石头的垫子组成。等高线等高线是图纸中道路纵断面里的参考线，表明道路建设应该遵循的有规律的高程间隔。等高线可以指已经完工道路、基层或其他任何一层所处的水平线，也可以指示沿车道中心线的高程或道路横截面中任何一个指定位置的高程。细度模数具有代表性的骨料、沙砾或土壤的样品经筛选实验保留在毫米，毫米，毫米筛网上的样品除以10O获得的累积百分比。沙砾石沙砾石是自然形成的圆形的有颗粒的材料，颗粒大小在2毫米到60毫米之间。（不适用于沙砾路面）灌缝在混凝土结构的接缝处灌满灰浆，用于连接并保证平整。公路供交通工具通行的公共道路的统称，包括依法准予通行道路以内的整个区域。引入和引出排水渠通向或自水管、暴雨排水管和小桥导出的渠道。IpectorTheauthorizedrepresentativeoftheEngineerassignedtomakedetailedipectioofmaterialsorcontractperformance.KickerAconcreteplinthatleast70mmhighabovetheconcretefloor,formingthestartofaconcretewallorcolumnoLanePartofatravelledwayintendedforasinglestreamoftrafficinonedirection,whichhasnormallybeendemarcatedassuchbyroadmarkingsoLevelingCoue(s)OneormoreIayeofasphaltorgranularmaterial,ofvaryingthickness,whichareappliedtoimprovetheregularityofanexistingroadsurfaceoLotAsizableportionofworkorquantityofmaterialwhichisassessedasaunitforthepurposeofqualitycontrolandselectedtorepresentmaterialorworkproducedbyessentiallythesameprocessandmaterialsoMasonryStoneworkcotructedwithinterlockingstonesmorethanonestonethick.MedianTheareabetweenthetwocarriagewaysofadualcarriagewayroadoMedianDrainAlongitudinaldrainsituatedinthemedianofadualcarriagewayroad.MillingExcavatingandremovingalayerofmaterialexceeding10mminthicknessfromanexistingpavementbymeaofanapprovedmillingmachine.MillingisnormallyusedonlyinasphaltandcementedIayeoMitreDraiMitreBankAMitreDrainisadraincotructedatanangletothecentrelineoftheroadtodivertwaterfromthesidedrai.MitredraiwillincludemitrebanksplacedacrosssidedraioMortarAmixtureoffineaggregate,cementand/orhydratedlimeusuallyinpredeterminedproportio,withwater,tocreateafinegrainedCementiousmaterialsuitableforthebeddingofbricksandmasonryetcoOptimumMoistureContentforCompactionThemoisturecontentofasoilcalculatedonthebasisofdryweightofsoilatwhichthesoilcanbecompactedtotheapproximatemaximumdeityunderaspecifiedstandardmethodofcompactionoOverburdenOverburdenisuuitablematerialwhichoverliessuitablematerialwithinaborrowpitorquarryo检验员工程师的授权代表，被指派详细检验材料或合同执行情况。路缘石水泥路面以上至少70毫米高的水泥底座，水泥墙或水泥柱的开始部分。单行道用于驶向同一方向的单一交通流的道路的一部分，通常用路标等划分开来。水平层厚度不一的一层或多层沥青或颗粒材料，用于改善现有路面的平整度。抽样为控制质量，选取工程的一部分或部分材料作为一个检验单位，并且被选定部分能代表材料或基本上能代表由相同程序和材料建成的工程。石料砌体由紧密连接的石头建筑而成的石头工程，厚度大于单块石头的厚度。中间带一条双向车道路两个车道之间的区域。中间带排水管位于双向车道中间带的纵向排水管道。铢刨从已有路面上用许可的碾磨机挖掘或去除一层厚度超过10毫米的材料，通常只在沥青层和混凝土层使用。斜面排水管道或斜面边坡相对于道路中心线以一定的角度建造的排水管道，以将水从侧面排水管道转移。斜面排水管道包括横跨侧面排水管的斜面边坡。砂浆通常按预定比例，细骨料、水泥和/或熟石灰与水构成的混合物，形成一种细小颗粒状的黏性材料，适用于砌砖或砌石等。最佳含水量在干燥土重量基础上计算出的土壤湿度，在此湿度下，用特定标准压缩方法土壤可以压缩到合适的最大密度。表土在取土坑或采石场以内的覆盖在适用材料之上的不符合要求的材料。OverlayAnadditionalpavementlayerappliedontopofanexistingroadforstrengtheningthepavementand/orforimprovingtheridingqualityoParkingLaneAnauxiliarylaneadjoiningthetravelledwayforthepurposeofvehicularparking0PavementAmulti-IayeredhorizontalstructurewhichiscotructedforthepurposeofcarryingtrafficoPavementLayeTheIayeofdifferentmaterials,whichcomprisethepavementstructure.PavementPlanningPlanningofanexistingroadsurfacebytheremovalofalayerofmaterialbymeaofamillingmachineorotherequipment.PioneerLayerAninitiallayercotructedoveraweakroadbedwhereselectedmaterialisusedtoprovideastableplatformforthecotructionofsubsequentIayeoPrestressPrestressisthestressinducedinconcretebyteio∩edtendo.PrestressedconcretePrestressedconcreteisstructuralconcreteinwhicheffectiveinternalstressesareinducedbymeaofteionedtendooPre-stressingPre-stressingistheinducementofcompressivestressintoastructuralconcreteelementeitherbypre-teioningorpost-teioningtendocomprisingofcables,wiresorbaincorporatedintotheelementoPre-teionedconcretePre-teionedconcreteisprestressedconcretewherethetendonisteionedbeforetheconcretehasbeencastoPost-teionedconcretePost-teionedconcreteisprestressedconcretewherethetendonisteionedaftertheconcretehashardened0PrimeCoatAbituminoustreatmentappliedtothesurfaceofanewlycotructedunboundroadbasepriortothecotructionofabituminouslayerorsurfacetreatmentoProjectSpecificatioTheSpecificatiorelatingtoaspecificproject,whichformpartofthecontractdocumentsforsuchproject,andwhichcontainsupplementaryand/oramendingSpecificatiotothestandardSpecificatioo路面结构层铺在现有道路表面的额外层，用以加强路面和/或改善行驶质量。停车道邻近通行道的一个附属车道，用于停放交通工具。路面为承载交通工具而建的多层的水平构造。路面层用不同材料建成的多层，共同构成路面。路面铢刨对已有道路表面进行铁刨，通过用碾磨机或其他设备祛除一层材料。低基层在脆弱路床上铺筑的最初一层，使用挑选的材料，为后续几层的铺筑提供一个稳定的平台。预应力预受力是由绷紧的钢筋束在混凝土中产生的压力。预应力混凝土预应力混凝土是绷紧的钢筋束能产生有效内部压力的构造混凝土。预施压预施压是指对建筑混凝土施加压缩力，通过预先或事后拉紧由电缆、电线或条带物结合构成的钢筋束实现。先张法混凝土预强化混凝土是混凝土为铺筑之前钢筋束就已经拉紧的情况下产生的预受力混凝±o后张法混凝土后强化混凝土是混凝土硬化之后钢筋束才拉紧的情况下产生的预受力混凝土。透层用于刚建成的无边界的路基表层的沥青处理，先于铺筑沥青层或表层处理。工程规范与某一特定工程有关的规范，构成此工程合同文件的一部分并包含本标准规范的补充性和/或修正规范。Pull-inPull-inistheelasticshorteningofthetendoncausedbyrelativemovementbetweentheanchorageorcouplercomponentsonaccountofseatingandgrippingactionduringorimmediatelyaftertraferoQualityControlProcedures,and/ortesting,carriedoutpriorto,orduring,thecotructionoftheWorksforthepurposeofeuringcompliancewiththerequirementsoftheSpecification.QuarryAnareawithindesignatedboundariesfapprovedforthepurposeofobtainingrockoRecyclingTheprocessingofsalvagedmaterialinaplantforre-useoRehabilitationWorkundertakentosignificantlyextendservicelifeandimprovetheconditionorridingcomfortofanexistingroad.ReinforcementforAsphaltAclothorgridofsyntheticmaterialplacedunderneathorbetweenasphaltIayeforstrengtheningtheasphaltoReleaseReleaseisthespecifiedelasticshorteningofthetendonattheanchorageachievedbeforeorduringtraferoRetexturingTreatmentofanexistingroadsurfacetorestorethetexturetoaspecifieddepthoftextureorskidresistanceoRight-of-WayThelandsecuredandreservedbytheDepartmentforthecotructionandmaintenanceofhighwayoRip-rapUnbondedstoneprovidedtoprotectthesurfacesofslopesandthebedsofwatercouesfromerosionandscouroRoadBaseAlayerofmaterialofdefinedthicknessandwidthCOtructedontopofthesub-basezorintheabsencethereof,thesub-grade.AroadbasemayextendbeyondtheCarriagewayoRoadBedThenaturalin-situmaterialonwhichtheembankmentorcappingIayearetobecotructedoRoadBedMaterialThematerialbelowtheroadbedextendingtosuchdepthasaffectsthesupportoftheembankmentstructureorcappingIayero弹性收缩锚具和连接器装置的相对运动引起的钢筋束的弹性收缩，前两者的相对运动是在传送过程中或之后因机座和钳夹动作引起的。质量控制为确保符合本规范要求，在工程建设前或建设中实施的程序和/或测试。采石场在指定范围内，批准可以用于获取岩石的区域。回收利用在工厂对回收材料进行加工再利用。改造为显著地延长现有道路的使用寿命和改善路面行驶舒适度而进行的工作。沥青强化剂用于沥青层之下或沥青层之间的一薄层合成物质，用于强化沥青。自锚自锚是传送前或传送中在锚具形成的前述钢筋束的弹性回缩。路面改良对现有路面进行处理，将其纹理恢复到一个特定的纹理深度或防滑力。施工宽度政府部门预留的土地用于公路建设与维修。护坡为保护坡面和河床的不受侵蚀和冲刷而提供的不粘合的石块。公路基层建在底基层之上的或(没有底基层时)路基之上的规定厚度和宽度的一层材料。公路基层可以延伸到车道之外。路床原地自然存在的材料，路堤或覆盖层建于其上。路床材料路床之下的材料，延伸到影响支撑路堤构造或覆盖层的深度。RoadPrismThecrosssectionalareaboundedbytheoriginalgroundlevelandthesidesofslopesincuttingsandembankmentsexcludingthepavementoRoadsideTheportionofthehighwayoutsidetheroadwayoRoadReserveTheentirearea(Carriageways,median,sidedraiandcatchwaterdrai)includedbytheboundariesofaroadasproclaimed.RoadwayTheroadwaycomprisesthecarriageway,shouldeandmedianoRockAmassofhardmineralmaterialwhich,whenexcavated,requirestheuseofexplosives,sawingorsplittingbymechanicalmeaoRollerPassesUnlessotherwisespecifiedintheSpecificatioortheprojectSpecificatio,anareawillbetakentohavereceivedonerollerpasswhenarollerhaspassedoversuchareaonceoAdditionalpassesmadeonlyasaresultofnominaloverlappingsoastoeurefullcoverageshallnotbetakenintoaccount.ScabbingTheuseofahand-heldorselfsupportingpercussionmachinetoremovethesurfaceofhardenedconcretewithoutdamagingtheStructureoScarifyLoosenandbreak-upsoilorexistingpavementIayebymeaofamachinefittedwithtinesoScreedAlayeroffine-gradedasphaltorslurryplacedtofillinslacksinexistingsealsandtoimprovetheridingqualityoftheroad.SealTheapplicationofoneormoreIayeofbituminousbinderwithorwithoutIayeofcrushedstonezsandorslurryinsuccessiveIayeonthecarriageway,shouldeoronanyothercompactedlayeronwhichmovementoftraffictakesplaceoSelectedLayerThelowerlayerorIayeofthepavement,whichiscotructed,directontothefill,orinsomecasestheroadbed.Itmayincluderoadbedmaterialcompactedin-situ.ServicesCables,pipesorotherstructurestoprovide,interalia,conduitsforelectricity,telephoneandtelegraphconnectiozwater,sewage,etcoSheathSheathisthetubeorcasingenclosingthetendonandwhichtemporarilyorpermanentlyallowsarelativemovementbetweenthetendonandthesurroundingconcrete路体以原始地面和路堑及路堤中的坡面为界限的横截面区域，不包括路面。路边公路以外的部分。公路专用区正式公布的公路边界以内的整个区域（车道、中间带、侧翼排水管道和截水管道）。公路道路公路道路由车道、路肩和中间带组成。岩石大块的硬质矿物材料，挖掘时需用炸药或机器将其锯开或劈开。碾压只要压路机压过某区域一次，此区域就被认为是已经压过，本规范或工程规范中另有规定的除外。为确保全部覆盖而进行的少数重叠式的额外碾压不考虑在内。刮表用手持或自助撞击机器去除硬化混凝土的表面，不对建筑造成损害。破碎用装有尖齿的机器将土壤或已有路面层松弛并打碎。找平层由细沥青或水泥浆组成的一层，用于填满已有封顶层里的煤屑和改善路面行驶状况。封层用一层或多层含沥青黏合剂（与或不与多层粉碎石、沙或水泥浆层一起都可以）在车道、路肩或其他任何承载交通的压缩层上连续涂上多层。挑选层路面的较低的一层或多层，直接建设在填料上或有时直接建设在路床上。它可以包括压缩在原地的路床材料。服务设施电缆、管道或其他构造，用于提供电线、电话和电报连接、水、污水及其它。护套护套是包裹钢筋束的管道，临时性或永久性承受钢筋束与周围混凝土的相对运动。ShoulderWhenreferringtothisasasurface:TheareabetweentheoutsideedgeofthetravelledwayandtheshoulderbreakpointoWhenreferringtothisasapavementlayer:TheupperpavementlayerlyingbetweentheoutsideedgeofthebaseandtheshoulderbreakpointoShoulderbreakpointThepointonacrosssectionatwhichtheextendedflatplanesofthesurfaceoftheshoulderandtheoutsideslopeofthefillandpavementinteectoSideDrainAlongitudinaldrainoffsetfromzandparallelto,theCarriagewayoSideFillSidefilliseithersurplusoradditionalfillwhichisusedtoextendandflattentheslopeofanembankmentandwhichisoftencompactedtoalowerstandardthantheformeroSidewalkTheportionoftheroadwayprimarilycotructedfortheuseofpedestria.SkeworSkewAngleTheacuteangleformedbytheinteectionofalinenormaltothecenterlineoftheroadwaywithalineparalleltothecenterlineofbents,pieorabutmentsofabridge,orinthecaseofaculvert,withthecenterlineoftheculvertbarrelsoSlopeUnlessotherwisestated,slopeisgivenintermsoftheratiooftheverticaldifferenceinelevationbetweenanytwopointsandthehorizontaldistancebetweenthem.Theratiomayalsobeexpressedasapercentage.SpallsChippedorsplinteredfragmentsofstoneoSpecificatioThegeneraltermcomprisingallthedirection,provisioandrequirementscontainedherein,entitled"ERAStandardTechnicalSpecificationforRoadWorks-2001,,ztogetherwithsuchasmaybeaddedoradoptedassupplementalSpecificatioorasspecialprovisiozandalldocumentsofanydescription,includingnotesonplazpertainingtothemethodandmannerofperformingtheworkortothequantitiesandqualitiesofmaterialstobefurnishedunderthecontractoSpoil(Material)SurplusmaterialoriginatingfromcotructionOperatio0StabilizationThetreatmentofpavementmaterialsbytheadditionoflimeorPortlandcement.StonePitchingAsinglecoueofstonesplacedonedgewithspallsrammedintothespacesbetweenthestoneso路肩(1)当指一个表面时：通行道外缘与路肩临界点之间的区域。(2)当指路面的一层时：位于基层外缘与路肩临界点之间的较高路面层。路肩临界点横截面的一点，路肩表面延伸的平坦面与填料的外侧坡及路面相交于此点。侧面排水管道远离并平行于车道的一条纵向排水管道。侧面填料侧面填料是指多余或额外的填料，用于延伸和平坦路堤坡面，压缩标准经常比以前的低。人行道主要供步行者使用的道路部分。坡角通常指垂直于道路中心线的线与平行于桥拱、桥墩的中心线的线相交形成的锐角,如果是涵洞，则是与涵洞中心线相交的交角。坡度任意两点之间垂直高度差与水平距离之比例，另有规定的除外。此比例也可以用百分比表示。石子破碎的石头。规范本书，即"埃塞俄比亚道路局公路工程标准技术规范-2001"，所包含的所有指示、规定和要求的统称，并包括可能添加或采用的补充规范或特别规定以及所有描述性文件，包括合同项下设计图中的备注和有关施工方法、方式或材料数量和质量的备注。余料来自建设操作中的多余材料。稳定化通过添加石灰或普通水泥对路面材料进行的处理。填石子将石子填入石头之间空隙的一道单一填石程序。Structuresbridges,culverts,catchbasizdropinlets,manholes,retainingwalls,cribbing,endwalls,buildings,sewezservicepipes,underdraizfoundationdrailandothermiscellaneousitems,whichmaybeencounteredinthework,andwhicharenotclassifiedhereinoSub-baseThepavementlayerofmaterialofspecifieddimeioontopofthesub-gradeandbelowtheroadbaseoSubcontractorAnyindividual,firmorcorporationtowhomtheContractorsubletsanypartofthecontractoSub-gradeThesurfaceuponwhichthepavementstructureandshouldearecotructed.SubstructureAllofthatpartofthestructurebelowthebridgeseatsorbellowthespringlinesofconcretearches.BackwallsandwingwallsofabutmentsshallbecoideredaspartsoftheSubstructureoSub-surfaceDrain(Sub-soilDrai)Acovereddraincotructedtointerceptandremovesub-soilwater.ItincludesallpipesandfiltermaterialinthedrainoSurfaceDressingThesealingorresealingofthesurfaceofthecarriagewayorshouldebymeaofoneormoresuccessiveapplicatioofbituminousbinderandchippingsoTackCoatAbituminoustreatmentappliedtothesurfaceofanexistingbituminouslayerpriortothecotructionofanewbituminouslayer.TendonTendonistheprestressingsteelcoistingofthebar,wireorstrandindividuallyplaced,orofba,wiresorstrandsplacedinaductzallofwhichareteionedtoimpartprestresstoaconcretememberoTeioningTeioningistheactionofinducingandregulatingtheforceinatendonbymeaofteioningandmeasuringequipment.TextureTreatmentTreatmentofanexistingroadsurfacetoobtainauniformtextureoTopsoilA