新高考英语一轮复习练习考向24 阅读理解之词义猜测题(原卷版)

考向24阅读理解之词义猜测题英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：（1）旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation’smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.我们学过course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。（2）合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；（3）“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；（4）“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景（5）超纲生词。猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。【命题趋势】1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【设问形式】Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.Bysaying“…”inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.Inparagraph…,“…”canbereplacedby“______”.Themeaningof“…”inparagraph…isrelatedto______.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.【应试技巧】词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。1．构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。【典例示例】…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组comeout的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。2．利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。【典例示例】…Fermat’sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.…65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。3．利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。【典例示例】...Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.…74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.Ademandmadebyguests.【答案】C【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定canbe这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty,trouble相近。答案为C。4．利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。【典例示例】【2019·天津卷，D】WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.……52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。52.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。5．利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。【典例示例】“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(农药),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.B.Betterqualityoforganicfood.C.Risingmarketfororganicfood.D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.【答案】A【解析】由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。6．根据语义转折猜词有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。【典例示例】…Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.…71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains”probablymeans“_____”.A.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful【答案析】A【解析】由However从句当中的atfirstglance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的takespecialpains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。7．利用经验和常识猜词【典例示例】…“Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens(警笛)going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsontheshoulder.”63.Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto___________.A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear【答案】D【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。【检测训练】1Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenealong-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(残骸).Morethan100yearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovieTitanic,therehavebeenmany“doortheories”.AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecouldhavebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica(复制品)ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose’slifejackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack’shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepointthemoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum’swebsitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum’sTitaniccollectionwhichwasknownasthe“door”usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack’sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn’tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveofhislife.1.What’sthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie. C.Toraiseaquestion. D.Tohighlightcharacters.2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?A.Thedevelopmentoftheplot. B.Aphysicsexperiment. C.Thethemeofthemovie. D.Aheateddebate.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked”inparagraph4mean?A.Confirmed. B.Opposed. C.Approved. D.Concerned.4.Wecaninferthatthemovie’sendingis.A.unrealistic B.confusing C.reasonable D.surprising2It’shardtooverstatejusthowmuchWriter’sDigesthassurvivedtomakeittoitscentennial.TheGreatDepression.WorldWarII.Themanywarsandsocietalrevolutionsofthe’50s,’60s,and’70s.Thetechnologicalrevolutionandthecreationoftheinternet.Theshiftfrombeingfamily-ownedbusinesstoacorporationwithinvestors.Andmostrecently,globalpandemic(流行病).ItisbecauseWDsurvivedallthat,thatIviewthisanniversaryissueasalovelettertoeverysinglepersonwhohascontributedtokeepingWDaliveovertheseamazing,andtough,andchange-filled100years.ThankyoutotheRosenthalfamilyforstartingamagazine—acommunity—likethis.Tothepublishers,editors,andalltheotherbehind--the-scenesfolkswhomadesureeachissueoverthemanydecadeswasthebestitcouldbe,thankyouforyourhardworkandlonghours.Totheabsolutelyincomparablelistofwriterswhosharedtheirwisdom,insights,andencouragement:Thismagazinewasmadebetterbyyourcontributions.Butmostofall,thisisalovelettertoourreaders.Yougivethemagazinepurposeandthemotivationtokeepgoing.Withoutyou,WDwouldn’texist,soonbehalfofallthecurrentandformerWDstaffers,weofferoursincerestthanks.You’llseeacollectionofnewcolumnscomingin2021.WearethrilledtohaveBryanWashington,award-winningauthoroftheshortstorycollectionLotandthenewnovelMemorial,asourfirstguestcolumnist.TheWDteamstartedplanningthisissuemorethanayearagoandputtingittogetherhasbeenajoy.Wehopeyoufindasmuchpleasureandinspirationinreadingitaswefoundincreatingit.Seeyouinyear101.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“centennial”mean?A.Thefirstpublication. B.Thecollectionversion.C.The100thanniversary. D.Theopeningceremony.6.WhatdoweknowaboutWriter’sDigestfromthetext?A.Ithasalonglistofguestcolumnists.B.Itwasonceafamily-ownedbusiness.C.Itisfinanciallysupportedbythecommunity.D.Itcontributedtothetechnologicalrevolution.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Sheusedtobeanovelist. B.SheiswithWriter’sDigestC.Shewasabusinessowner. D.Sheisonehundredyearsold.8.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toexpressgratitude. B.Topromotesales.C.Tointroduceamagazine. D.Toemploynewstaff.3Lastyear,Iwentthrougheveryhighschoolsenior’snightmare:IwasrefusedfromallthecollegesIappliedto.It’snotthatIwasabadstudent.Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosomekeyschools.SowhenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,andIwasn’tonit.Whileallmyfriendswerepickingouttwinextra-longsheets,IwasleftwonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.Whenmypanicfaded,Isignedinthecommunitycollege.Iwasn’texcited.Iimaginedcommunitycollegeclassroomswithincompetentteachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.Iwassowrong.Myarthistoryprofessorwassopoetic,andherlecturesfeltspokenword.Myclassmateswereintelligentandcamefromallwalksoflife—stillfiguringthingsoutlikeme.Idecidedtogivemyselfayearofexperiment.Asidefromgeneraleducation,Itookarangeofclasses.Iknowitseemslikearandomkindofclasses,butitallowedmetoknowwhatIlikeanddon’tlike.IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinordertoachieveacertainlevelofsuccessbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtmetoslowdown,andtorecognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-yearuniversitynextyear,butI’llbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.BeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflifehasmademerealizethatI’mnotlateinthegameatall.There’smorethanonewaytogetwhereyouwanttobe.9.Whatcausedtheauthor’s“highschoolsenior’snightmare”?A.Hewasrejectedbythecollegesheappliedto.B.Hedidn’tdowellinsomesubjectsatschool.C.Heonlytooksomekeyschoolsintoconsideration.D.Hegotconfusedaboutwhichschooltoapplyto.10.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?A.Theauthor’sfriendshaveextrasheets.B.Thefuturefortheauthor’sfriendsisclear.C.Thewaytosuccessislongfortheauthor’sfriends.D.Theauthor’sfriendshavemanychoices.11.Whywastheauthorunhappyinthecommunitycollegeatfirst?A.Hisarthistoryprofessorwasextremelyexpressive.B.Hedidn’tlikestudyingwithstudentsfromallwalksoflife.C.Hethoughttheteachersinthecommunitycollegehadpoorability.D.Helearnedstudentsinthecommunitycollegealwayssleptinclass.12.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisexperienceinthecommunitycollege?A.There’snoneedtohurrytoachievecertainsuccess.B.Ayearofexperimentisnotworthwhileforhimatall.C.Thewaytosuccessistotransfertoafour-yearuniversity.D.It’sawasteoftimebeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflife.4Whatdefines(定义)ageneration?Often,expertssay,membersofagenerationaredefinedbytheeventsthatshapedtheirlivesasyoungadults.“Worldeventslikewars,pandemics(大流行病)andracialunrestcanbeespeciallyformative,”saysMegJay,apsychologistandauthorof“TheDefiningDecade:WhyYourTwentiesMatter—andHowtoMaketheMostofThemNow”.Becauseour20sareoftenwhenwehaveourfirstjobsandfirstrelationshipsandfirstmovesandfirstreal-worldexperiences,thesebigeventsbecomeimportantpartsofourlifestories.In2020,itwasapandemic.Forthelastthreemonthsof2020,theMonitorfollowedtwelve2l-year-oldsfromaroundtheworld.WewantedtounderstandhowthisglobalhealthcrisisisencodingitselfintheculturalDNAofagenerationcomingofageinitsshadow.Theirlivesandcircumstancesastheyrolledinto2021variedwildly.Butthelivesofthe2l-year-oldswemethadmanyobvioussimilarities.Separately,forinstance,theinternetwastheircollectivelifelinetotheworld.InMexico,anartstudentisolatinginherfamilyhomepostedadailypieceofarttoInstagramtoremindherselfthattimehadnotstoppedaltogether.InGermany,alabororganizernegotiatedcontractsandplannedstrikesviaZoom.Bytheendof2020,manyoftheworld’s21-year-oldshadlostjobs;otherswonderedifthey’deverfindone.IntheU.S,youthunemploymentdoubledbetweenJuly2019andJuly2020.Also,thepandemicopenedfaultlines,andstressedoldones.InIndia,Jordan,andSouthAfrica,our21-year-oldswonderedhowthey’dcollectenoughmoneyformobiledataforonlinestudies.InMexico,Canada,andGermany,21-year-oldsreflectedonlonelinessasaprivilege—thattheywerealonebecausetheycouldisolate,theirlivesnotdependentondoingotherwise.Wefoundagenerationsuspended(悬停)betweentheworldthey’dgrownupinanduncertainarrivaloftheirfuture.13.AccordingtoMegJay,whatdeterminesthefutureofthepeopleintheirtwenties?A.Theirfundamentalchangesofworkingcircumstances.B.Theirgreateffortsofcopingwithuncertaintiesinlife.C.Theirfirstexperiencesofthemajoreventsthen.D.Theirdeepreflectionsontheattitudestolife.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“faultlines”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Significantemploymentchallenges. B.Potentialsocialproblems.C.Specialindividualprivileges. D.Globalhealthcrises.15.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardstoday’s20s?A.Approving. B.Negative. C.Critical. D.Concerned.16.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheWorldChildrenHaveGrownupinDefinesaGenerationB.AYoungGenerationWasSuspendedButReadytoStartC.AGreatPandemicHasBroughtVariousGlobalCrisesD.WorldEventsChangedtheLivesofYoungAdults5WhenBritishmusicianPaulBartonperformsincentralThailandlately,thelistenersreactwildly.Somepullhishairorjumponhispiano.Othersstealhismusic.Thebehaviorisnormal,however,becausethesecrowdsaretrulywild—wildmonkeystobeexact.BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.Someofthecreaturessitonhischair,whileothersclimbuphisbodyandtouchhishead.But,Bartonkeepshisattentiononhisperformance,evenasasmallmonkeyrunsoverhishandsontheinstrument.Othermonkeystakecontrolofhismusicpapers.“IwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactuallyeatingthemusicasIwasplayingit.”ThemonkeysareBarton'slatestanimalfans.Pastwildlifeaudienceincludedelephantslivinginspecialprotectedareas.Bartonhopestoraisepeople'sawarenessofthemonkeys'hunger.Atthesametime,hehopestostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttoclassicalmusic.“Cometogetheranddon'tletthepandemicstopthewildmonkeysgettinggoodnutritiousfood.Weneedtomakeanefforttomakesurethattheyeatproperly.Andwhentheyeatproperlytheywillbecalmer,”said59-year-oldBarton.17.Whydoesthemusicianplaytothewildmonkeys?A.Toseethewildanimalsjustbeingthemselves. B.Tostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttopopmusic.C.Toraisemoneyforthewildmonkeys'hunger. D.TohelpcalmthemduringCOVID-19crisis.18.Whatkindofmusicdocsthemusicianplay?A.Contemporarymusic. B.Classicalmusic.C.Countrymusic. D.Popularmusic.19.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase“eatingthemusic"inParagraph4referto?A.Stealinghismusicpapers. B.Eatinghismusicpapers.C.Disturbinghisperformance. D.Enjoyinghisplaying20.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Wildmonkeysliketoplaywiththemusician. B.Peoplewillstarttoprotectthewildmonkeys.C.TheCOVID-19hasdamagedmuchtotheworld. D.Musiccanmakethewildanimalsmoreactive.6Carbonisachemicalelementwhichispresentinorganiccompoundsthatmakeusorganisms,plantsaswellasfossil.ItisavitalcomponentofthegreenhousegasCO2,thehighestpercentageoftheglobalwarminggasintheatmosphere.TheseGreenHouseGases(GIIGs)alongwithotherfactorsareresponsibleforthemostdiscussedissuesaffectingtheplanet,climatechange.Climatechangehasandstillreleasesahugesetofenvironmentaldisasterswhicharefuelingthedifficultyofsurvivalontheplanet.Inordertoeliminate,reduceandadapttotheserisksofsurvival,individuals,organizations,andcountrieswillhavetoadoptcarbonneutralitymeasures.Themainaimofcarbonneutralityistoachieveanet-zeroemissioneitherbybalancingtheemissionorabsorbingofcarbonorquittheproductionofcarbon.However,toreallyunderstandcarbonneutrality,thecarboncycleshouldbefirstunderstoodThecarboncycleisthetransferofcarbonthroughdifferentmedia.Carbonhastheabilitytomoveindifferentmediaindifferentformsatdifferentratesandtines.Thesedifferentfactors(rate,time,andmedia)arethephenomenaunderlyingcarbonneutrality.Forinstance,carbonreleasedintotheatmospherebytherapidburningoffossilfillsbackasrainintheformofcarbonate(碳酸盐)andisabsorbedbythereservoirs(oceans,surfacewater,andtheearthsurface).Eventhoughtheexchangeofcarbonbetweensomeofthesereservoirstakesalongtime,someover100years,carbonwasabsorbeduntilnow.ThemainproblemexistingtodayisthattheemissionsofCO2aretoohightobeoffsetbythereservoirs,therebyleavingtheoffsettingtasktous.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)istakingallmeasuresitcantooffsetcarbonthroughEmissiontradingsystemwhichhelpsindustriestomanagetheircarbonfootprints.Similarly,China,whichisresponsiblefor25%oftheworld'sCO2emissionsduetoitseconomicandindustrialstructureiscurrentlydecreasingitsenergyconsumption/GDPandCO2emission/GDP,whileincreasingisforestcoverandairqualitythroughits14thFive-YearPlan(2021-2025)carbonneutralityactions.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fueling"inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Experiencing. B.Overcoming. C.Increasing. D.Ending.22.Howdoestheauthorexplainthecarboncycle?A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bycomparingmedia.C.Byanalyzingdata.D.Bydescribingatask.23.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.GHGstakethewholeblamefortheclimatechange.B.Carbonexchangetakeslittletime.C.ThecontributionoftheEUisnotobvious.D.Chinalasacleargoalinlow-carbonefforts.24.Whichcolumnisthetextmostlikelytakenfrom?A.Politics. B.Environment. C.Commercial. D.Lifestyle.7Weallneedwalertosurvive,butthegeneralrecommendationhasbeentodrinkmoreandmore,withmanyguidelinesnowadvisingaminimumofeightglassesaday.Isthereanyevidenceshowingthatthismakessense?Theshortanswerisno.Studieslookingatwaterintakesover10yearsintheelderlyfailtoshowanybenefitsofextrawateronkidneyfunctionorlifespan.Clevermarketingfrombottledwatercompanieshasnotonlyconvincedusthatweneedtodrinkmorewater,butalsothatexpensivebottledmineralwaterissomehowbetterforus.Wenowdrinkmorebottledwaterthaneverbefore,withtheglobalindustrygrowingrapidlyat10percentayear.By2025,theglobalmarketisestimatedtobeworth＄215billion.Butresearchshowsthattapwaternowadaysisperfectlysafe,andwithaddedfluoride（氨化物）,itisalsogoodforourteeth.Therehavebeenstudiesshowingthattapwatercontainstracesofcommonpharmaceutical（制药的）drugs,buttheyhavealsofoundthesamelevelswhentestingbottledwater.Althoughwaterinmanyareascontainschemicals,thelevelsaretoosmalltomakeanoticeabledifferencetoourhealth.Bottledwaterhasdevastatingenvironmentalcosts,whichisself﹣evidentastherearealreadyabundantreportsonpollutioncausedbyplasticbottles,andnoprovenhealthbenefits.And,doesittastebetter?Probablynot.Onthecontrary,thereareevenblindtastingsshowingthattapwaterscoreshigherthanmostmineralwater.So,stillhesitatewhenpresentedwithbothbottledwaterandtapwater?Probablyyoushouldnotnow.Myadviceistostickwithtapwater:youwillbereducingtheglobalenvironmentalcostofhalfatrillionplasticbottlespilingupeachyearandtakingastandagainstthepowerofmarketing.25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，wecanknow________.A.eightglassesofwateradaydoesharmtotheelderly.B.eightglassesofwateradayisn'tsoscientificaswethought.C.waterisessentialforustosurvive.D.drinkingextrawaterbenefitsourkidney.26.Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingmightbeareasonbehindpeople'schoosingbottledwaterovertapwater?A.Tapwatercontainstoomuchcommonpharmaceuticaldrugs.B.Bottledwaterisrichinvariousminerals.C.Peopleareinfluencedbybottledwatercompanies'marketingstrategies.D.Tapwaterisnotsotastyasbottledwater.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastating"inparagraph3mean?A.Potential.B.Beneficial.C.Challenging.D.Damaging.28.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconvey?A.Themorewaterwedrink，thehealthierwewillbe.B.Tapwatershouldbecomeourfirstchoiceofdrinking.C.Bothbottledwaterandtapwatershouldbeourmainchoiceswhenthirsty.D.Bottledwaterandtapwaterbothhavealotofadvantages.8Asachild,JaneGoodallhadanaturallovefortheoutdoorsandanimals.Andatage23,sheleftforNairobi,Kenya.There,JanemetfamedDr.LouisLeakey,whooffere