GMAT语法独立主格用法全解

GMAT语法独立主格用法全解独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语)，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成。今天我们就说一下GMAT语法独立主格用法全解，希望大家顺利备考GMAT语法考试。独立主格用法全解1.独立主格结构做伴随状语：独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语)，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成.独立主格结构放在句首或句尾，起状语作用，表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等1)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系，与主句描述动作、状态同时发生或存在，形式为:n.+n.;n.+-ed/ing形式;n.+介词短语;n.+形容词短语2)with型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:由“with+宾语+宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随，修饰邻近分句主语，with后面宾语为与主语相关的东西。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当。例：Visitorstotheparkhaveoftenlookedintotheleafycanopyandseenmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanginglikesocksonaclothesline.3)each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:句子+复数名词结尾,each+介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式。注意点：独立主格并不包括“with+n.+定语从句”和“n.+定语从句”的形式，这个形式做的是非限定性修饰前面名词的定语，因为这个形式就相当于n,with+n.，或者是n.,n.+that概括性同位语。2.同位语与独立主格最主要的区别在于：同位语描述的是事物的具体内容、特征，是一种解释;独立主格则是表示一种伴随状态，描述与所描述分句同步发生的事情。【独立主格范例】Usually(butnotalways,asweshallsee),anabsolutephrase(alsocalledanominativeabsolute)isagroupofwordsconsistingofanounorpronounandaparticipleaswellasanyrelatedmodifiers.Absolutephrasesdonotdirectlyconnecttoormodifyanyspecificwordintherestofthesentence;instead,theymodifytheentiresentence,addinginformation.Theyarealwaystreatedasparentheticalelementsandaresetofffromtherestofthesentencewithacommaorapairofcommas(sometimesbyadashorpairofdashes).Noticethatabsolutephrasescontainasubject(whichisoftenmodifiedbyaparticiple),butnotatruefiniteverb.·Theirreputationaswinnerssecuredbyvictory,theNewYorkLibertychargedintothesemifinals.(chargeinto猛攻入)·Theseasonnearlyfinished,RebeccaLoboandSophieWitherspoonemergedastrueleaders.·Thetwosuperstarssignedautographsintothenight,theirfacesbeaminghappily.Whentheparticipleofanabsolutephraseisaformoftobe,suchasbeingorhavingbeen,theparticipleisoftenleftoutbutunderstood.·Theseason[being]over,theyweremobbedbyfansinTimesSquare.·[Havingbeen]Starsalltheiradultlives,theyseemedusedtotheattention.Anotherkindofabsolutephraseisfoundafteramodifiednoun;itaddsafocusingdetailorpointoffocustotheideaofthemainclause.Thiskindofabsolutephrasecantaketheformofaprepositionalphrase,anadjectivephrase,oranounphrase.·Theoldfirefighterstoodoverthesmokingruins,hissensesalerttoanysignofanotherflare-up.·Hissubordinates,theirfacessweat-streakedandsmudgedwithash,leanedheavilyagainstthefiretruck.·Theyknewalltoowellhowalltheirhardworkcouldbeundone—inaninstant.Itisnotunusualfortheinformationsuppliedintheabsolutephrasetobethemostimportantelementinthesentence.Infact,indescriptiveprose,thetellingdetailswilloftenbewrappedintoasentenceintheformofanabsolutephrase:·CoachNykeshastrolledontothecourt,herarmsakimboandalargesilverwhistleclenchedbetweenherteeth.·Thenewrecruitsstoodinonecornerofthegym,theiruniformsstiffandillfitting,theirfacesbetrayingtheiranxiety.Anounphrasecanalsoexistasanabsolutephrase:(GMAT中暂未出现此现象)·Yourbestfriends,wherearetheynow,whenyouneedthem?·AndthentherewasmybestfriendSally—thedeargirl—whohascertainlyfallenonhardtimes.ItmightbeusefultoreviewthematerialonMisplacedModi