2021届高考英语语法填空解题之动词题

2021高考英语语法填空解题之动词题一：解题思路Step1分析句子结构，确定空格处是否作谓语；Step2思考1如果作谓语，要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气思考2如果不作谓语，考虑是否是非谓语；如果是非谓语，考虑用哪种形式，是动词－ing形式，还是过去分词，还是不定式思考3如果既不作谓语，也不是非谓语，就要考虑词性转换。那就需要根据上下文以及在句子中所作的成分考虑词性转换的类型二：知识精讲与做题演练1.考查谓语动词如果句子中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已经有谓语动词，但需要填的动词与之并列，那么所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态、主谓一致和虚拟语气。例1：Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36－year－oldbusiness.Irenesaid...[解题步骤]①分析句子结构(picking作状语，是非谓语动词)→句子缺少谓语②考虑语态→由句意知用主动语态③考虑时态→由后面的had和said可知，用一般过去时态。④尝试解答：_declared__例2：Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody_________(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚)．[解题步骤]①分析句子结构(when引导时间状语从句)→句子缺少谓语②考虑语态→由句意知用主动语态③考虑时态→本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时willdo；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用单数④尝试解答：_will_have/has__例3：Whenthechildrenarewalkingor_________(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscaneasilyseethem.[解题步骤]①分析句子结构(主句完整，从句是when引导的时间状语从句)→句子缺少谓语②考虑语态→由句意知用主动语态③考虑时态→or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling④尝试解答：_cycling__例4：Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.[解题步骤]①分析句子结构(who引导定语从句)→句子缺少谓语②考虑语态→由句意“一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。”知用被动语态。③考虑时态→由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为haddone，被动语态的表达形式为hadbeendone。④尝试解答：_had_been_trapped__2．考查非谓语动词如果句子中已有谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定用动词－ing形式、过去分词还是不定式，同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。作主语或宾语时，通常用动词－ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。作定语时，动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系用动词－ing形式，是被动关系用过去分词，如果强调将来的动作，用不定式。作状语时，关键也是要看清与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。当表示目的时，则只有不定式形式。例5：Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans_________(retire)fromher36－year－oldbusiness.[解题步骤]①分析句子结构→句子已有谓语，应用非谓语②分析非谓语动词句法功能→plan后接不定式作定语③尝试解答：_to_retire__例6：_________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.[解题步骤]①分析句子结构→句子已有谓语，应用非谓语②分析非谓语动词句法功能→非谓语动词作目的状语→联想不定式的句法功能③尝试解答：_To_enjoy__例7：(2019·江苏卷)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries_________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.[解题步骤]①分析句子结构→句子已有谓语，应用非谓语②分析非谓语动词句法功能→非谓语动词作宾语补足语→联想分词的句法功能③尝试解答：_recognizing__例8：_________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.[解题步骤]①分析句子结构→句子已有谓语，应用非谓语②分析非谓语动词句法功能→非谓语动词作主语→联想动名词的句法功能③尝试解答：_Travelling__例9：Ordinarysoap,_________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.[解题步骤]①分析句子结构→句子已有谓语，应用非谓语②分析非谓语动词句法功能→非谓语动词作状语→联想分词的句法功能→Ordinarysoap与use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词③尝试解答：_used__3．考查词性转换所给的提示词虽然是动词，但空格处既不考查谓语动词也不考查非谓语动词，那就可能是词性转换。转换成名词时，还要注意名词的单复数。例10：OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno_________(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.[解题步骤]①分析句子成分→空格前的no，后接名词②connect的名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词→可用单数也可用复数③尝试解答：_connection/connections__三：课后练习1.Soitwasagreathonour...I(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.2.ItwasraininglightlywhenI____(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.3.Therealreasonwhyprices____(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.4.Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI____(ask),"Whatdoyouwishmetodonow?"5.That’swhyIhelpbrightenpeople’sdays.Ifyou____(do),who’stosaythatanotherpersonwill?6.—IsPetercoming?—No,he(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.7.In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.8.Wheneveryou____(buy)apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver’spointofview.9.You’dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou____(forget)it.10.Haven’tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?IwenttoNingxiaand____(stay)thereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.11.I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou____(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?12.IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andI____(go)straighttobed.13.OnMondaymorningsitusually____(take)meanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.14.Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhat_(bother)us.15.Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit____(be)prettygood.16."Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow,"Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep____(show)."17.Thethreeofus____(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.18.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.19.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe____(teach)aclassatthattime.20.HemusthavesensedthatI____(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"21.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe____（come）untilyesterday.22.Hi,let’sgoskating.Sorry,I’mbusyrightnow.I____(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.23.She____(phone)someone，soInoddedtoherandwentaway．24.Jim____(watch)alate-nightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.25.Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayaftern