新高考英语一轮复习练习考向63 七选五之主题句 过渡句与细节句的确定策略(原卷版)

考向63七选五主题句/过渡句/细节句的确定策略考向1段首/段尾主题句【考法再现】1.2020·全国卷Ⅰ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自我—完善自我、认识自我________Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot­good­enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself­acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?答案与解析F段首主题句。根据下文“Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot­good­enough.”可知，作者告诫我们不要盲目追随那些比我们优越让我们感到不够好的人，即停止盲目攀比，因此该段主题句是“停止与他人攀比”，选项F“Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.”可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。错解分析本题易错选G。G项的表述为“攀比游戏什么时候开始”，分析本段内容可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，要认识到自我的重要性和独特性。并没有涉及评论攀比之风何时开始，故G项错误。2.体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—良好的人际沟通Britain,alongwithmuchofNorthernEurope,isclassedasa“non­contact”culture.“Personalspace”isveryimportanttous.Inaformalcontactwewouldoftengreeteachotherwithahandshake.Informally,butlessfrequently,myBritishfriendsandIwouldgreetwithahug.(But_hardly_ever_would_we_greet_with_a_kiss_on_the_cheek.)HereinthesouthofItaly,andinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld,peopleofbothsexesgreetwithtwokissesonbothcheeksandusealotofgestures.________A.Ijustfigureouthowtofindtherealmeaning.B.Buthardlyeverwouldwegreetwithakissonthecheek.C.Infact,ourbodiesaresayingmorethanourwords.D.Inotherwords,littlepersonalspaceisleftbetweenpeoplewheninteracting.E.Britain,alongwithmuchofNorthernEurope,isclassedasa“non­contact”culture.F.SometimesIfindmyselfnotknowingwhatgesturestousewhenexpressingmyself.G.Ifonepersoncannotunderstandbodylanguage,hecannotcommunicatewithforeignerssmoothly.答案与解析D段尾主题句。本段的第二层介绍意大利人的问候方式，与上一层的“总分”结构不同，该层是“分总”结构，即先具体介绍意大利人的问候方式：twokisses,alotofgestures，然后再总结概括其与英国人完全相反的肢体语言风格。D选项中的“littlepersonalspaceisleft”与前面所述的问候方式一致，故选择D项。beclassedas“被归类为；被看作”。【策略微点】设空特点1.空格在段首：通常是段落主题句或段落小标题句，认真阅读空格后内容，推断出主题句。2.空格在段尾：一般是对上文或全文进行概括总结，得出结论。【策略图解】段首/段尾主题句考向2段首/段尾过渡句/细节句【考法再现】3.2020·全国卷Ⅲ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—风俗__①__Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.__②__A.Thisisn'tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.答案与解析①C段首细节句。本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据下文第一句话可知，因为刚搬家，主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动，故选项C“你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享”，符合语境。下一句中的this指代分享食物或饮料。故选C。②A段尾过渡句。本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知，在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，选项A“但这并不常见”与上文衔接恰当，故选A。4.2019·全国卷Ⅲ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—社会交往Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.________A.That'swhattheyarefor.B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E.Belowaresomecommondo'sanddon'tsforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanot­so­greatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.答案与解析C段尾细节句。根据空前内容可知，不要过度分享个人信息，当学生们需要延期上交作业时，只需向教授简单地解释一下情况。C项“如果需要知道更多的信息的话，(老师们)会询问你的”中的moreinformation与上文中的information为原词复现，符合语境。【策略微点】设空特点1.过渡句：在段首或段尾的句子有时承上启下，应注意瞻前顾后，段尾句有时是为了引出下一段的内容。2.细节句：段尾句作为细节句时，常是对空前内容的补充，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。【策略图解】段首/段尾过渡句/细节句考向3段中细节句/过渡句【考法再现】5.2020·全国卷Ⅰ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自我—完善自我、认识自我AFewTipsforSelf­AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.________Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself­acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?答案与解析B段中过渡句。根据题目“AFewTipsforSelf­Acceptance”及空后一句“这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法”可知，选项B“Wheredoyoustart?(从哪里开始？)”最符合下文语境，故选B项。6.2020·全国卷Ⅱ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—社会交往Emoji(表情符号)andWorkplaceCommunicationInAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.________.It'sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform答案与解析D段中细节句。根据上一句可知，在亚洲，短信通讯平台正在迅速发展，又根据下文可知，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号，前后句都说明了短信平台的受欢迎程度。选项D“这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延”符合语境。故选D。【策略微点】设空特点段中位置设题一般是段落细节句或过渡句。【策略图解】段中细节句/过渡句【检测训练】1TopusesofsmartphonesTodayapproximately3.5billionpeopleownsmartphonesallovertheworld.Inthisarticle,weexplorewhatweuseoursmartphonesfor.1.Mostwebsitestodayaremobile-friendly,whiletherearealsomobileappsthatyoucanusetobuyeverythingfromclothestohouseholditemsandmore.Becauseit'sfareasierandmoreconvenienttomakeapurchaseonline,agreatpercentageofpeopleorderfromonlinesites.Infact,mostusersprefertobeabletocompareandlearnaboutdifferentitemsontheirphones.Hence,ifanyoneislookingtobuildanonlinebrand,itiscertainlyimportanttodevelopamobile-friendlysitefortheultimateonlineshoppingexperience.2..

SocialMediaUsageSocialmediasitesbecameago-tositeformanyusersthatspendtimeontheirmobiledevices.3..ItiswidelyusedincomparisontootherpopularsocialmediaplatformslikeInstagram.But,socialmediaappsarenotonlyusedtointeractwithotherusersbutalsotoconsumeinformation,whetheritisentertainingvideos,news,informationaboutcertainproductsandservices.Otherwise,peoplerelyonsmartphoneswhentheywanttosharetheircontent(photos,videos,articles)onsocialmediaplatforms.4..

ConsumptionofDigitalMediaSmartphonesareleadingdevicesintheconsumptionofdigitalmedia,andthetimeusersspendisusuallyonapps.5..So,whetheryouarelookingtowatchyourfavoriteTVshows,listentomusic,oryouwanttoreadbooks,listentopodcasts,therearemanyappsthatyoucancheckoutanddownloadonyourdevice.Actually,alotofcompanieslikeTencentandYoukuhavedesignedappstomaketheircontentmoreaccessibleonthemove.A.FriendlywebsitesB.MobileShoppingC.Actually,WechatisoneofthelargestsocialmedianetworksD.Hence,alotofbusinessesusethemtopromotetheirproductsE.Asweknow,there'sawealthofappsavailablefordownload,freeofchargeF.Somefamouse-commercesitesincludeAmazon,Taobao,JDandmanyothersG.Therearesomeappsthatarenotdesignedtoentertainyoubuttohelpyouenrichyourknowledge2TechNeckHaveyoueverbentyourheaddowntolookatascreenuntilyourneckmuscleshurt?Ifso,you’veexperiencedtechneck.6..It’sacommonproblem,andit’sontherise.Yourneckmusclesaredesignedtoholdyourheadupright.7..Butbendingyourheadforwardforlongperiodsoftimecanstrainyourmuscles.Thatcanmakethemsore.Inthepastpeoplespentmostoftheirtimelookingup.Butnowpeoplespendsignificantamountsoftimelookingdownattheirphones.Theyoftenholdthematwaistorchestlevel.Thiscausespeopletocranetheirneckstoseethephone,which,inturn,causestechneck.8..It’sprobablynotrealistictoexpectpeopletogiveuptheirphonestoavoidtechneck.Butgivinguptechnologyaltogetherisn’tnecessary.Youcandothingstoavoidtechneckevenwhilekeepingyoursmartphone.Firstyoucanholdyourphoneupsoyoudon’thavetobenddowntolookatit.Butthiscanbetiringforyourarms.Sokeepyourheadupright,andlookonlywithyoureyes.Trytositupstraightinfrontofascreenaswell,oritcanhurtyourback.Also,takebreaks.9..Ifyou’vebeensitting,standupandwalkaround.Movingyourbodywillhelprelaxyourmuscles.Ifyoucontinueexperiencingtechneck,youcandoexercisetostrengthenyourneckmuscles.10..Ifyou’reawareoftheproblem,youcantakemeasurestoavoidit.A.DropdownyoursmartphonerightnowandhaveawalkoutsideB.Onceinawhile,lookupfromyourscreen,androllyourshouldersbackC.UsingsmartphonesexcessivelyhasresultedintonsofpsychologicalproblemsD.BendingovertoviewthescreenofacomputeronadeskcanhaveasimilareffectE.Techneckisacommonresultofusingtoday’stechnology,butitdoesn’thavetobeF.TheycanalsomoveyourheadaroundandevencraneitforwardforashortamountoftimeG.Techneckoccurswhentheuseofphones,computersandothertechnologycausesneckpain3Moststudentsfeelmoreanxietybeforeandduringanexam.Normallevelsofstresscanhelpyouwork,thinkfasterandmoreeffectively,andgenerallyhelpyouperformbetterinexams.11.Itcancauseyourmindto“blankout”ormakeyouunabletoconcentrate.Herearesomestrategiestohelpyoukeepyouranxietytoamanageablelevel.Thebetterpreparedyougetforanexam,thelessanxietyyou'llsufferfrom.12.Sixweeksbeforetheexamsisprobablysoonenoughfortheendofyearexams,dependingonwhereyouareinyourstudiesandwhatyearyouarein.Maintainyourhealth-eatabalanceddiet,getenoughsleepandexerciseregularly.13.Lookatexamsasanopportunitytoapplytheknowledgeandskillsyou'vebeenlearningthroughouttheterm.Thenightbeforeanexam,calmlyreviewmaterialonefinaltime,organizeallyoursupplies(yourpens,calculator,eraser,andsoon),andgetagoodnight'ssleep.Gettotheexamontime.Don'ttalktopeopleoutsidetheroombecausetheirnervousnesscouldbe“catching”.14.Ifyou'reafraidyouwillforgetimportantfacts,writethemdownassoonasyougetintoexam.Whenneeded,takeashortrelaxationbreakbyclosingyoureyes,stretching(伸展)andrelaxingmuscles,andbreathingdeeply.Ifyoustarttopanic,tellyourself.“Iwillstaycalm.Icanhandlethis.”Readdirectionscarefullyandstayfocusedontheexam.15.Justkeepworking.Neverleaveearlyyourself.A.Stayingpositiveisalsoimportant.B.Paynoattentiontostudentswhofinishearly.C.However,toomuchanxietycanloweryourperformance.D.Spendsometimethinkingaboutwhatiscausingtheanxiety.E.Thekeytoreducingexamanxietyistostartyourrevisionearly.F.Asforanxietyduringanexam,justfollowthefollowingstrategiesG.Rememberthatmostpeoplefeeltenseatthispoint-itisonlynatural.4StrategiestoHelpBuildSelf-RegulationSkillsSelf-regulationistheabilitythathelpsustocontrolourbehaviorstomakegooddecisionsforthelong-term,ratherthanjustdoingwhatwewantinthemoment.16.Thegoodnewsisthatkidscanlearntoimprovetheirself-regulation.Discussscenarios（场景）.Talkaboutreal-lifeincidentsthatencouragelearnerstostopandthinkaboutmanagingtheirbehaviors.Youmightsay,"Someoneiskickingthebackofyourchairduringatestandit'sreallyannoyingyou.Whatdoyoudo?"Havestudentstalkinsmallgroupsorpartners.17.Usingscenarioscanhelpstudentstraintheirbrainsforhowtothinkthroughproblemsastheyhappen.Setself-reflectiontime.Everystudentneedstoworkondifferentthings.Someconcentrateongrades,whileothersfocusmoreonbehaviororattendance.Setself-reflectiontimeandmeetweeklywithstudents.Discussprogressmade,challenges,andnextstepsforthefuture.18.Thiscanslowlyhelpthemdeveloptheabilitytoself-reflectandself-regulateinthefuture.19.Designanareaintheroomforstudentstogowhoneedafewminutestothemselves.It'simportanttoteachthattheareaisaplacetoself-regulateandgetincontrolofemotionssowecanreturntoournormaldays.Tellstudentsthatit'snormalandhealthytoneedabreakonceinawhile.Useliterature.Picturebooksareagreatwaytointroduceanddiscussself-regulationskillsatalllevels.EvenmymiddleschoolerslovedwhenIgotthepicturebooksoutforaread-aloud!Withwhateverbooksyouchoose,makesuretohighlighttheself-regulationskillsthecharactersuse.20.A.Givemovementbreaks.B.Createacalmdownspace.C.Mostofall,trytoletstudentstakethelead!D.Discusshowtheyrelatetoyourstudents'lives.E.Shareabouthowtheymighthandlethosesituations.F.Considerconsultingwiththeschoolsocialworkerforextrasupport.G.However,workingonself-regulationskillsdoesn'thappenovernight.5HowDoestheMediaInfluencePeople?Themediahasbothpositiveandnegativeinfluencesonpeople.Themediacanmakeapersonmoreawareofwhatishappening.21..Themediahasthecapacitytoruinsocietybyencouragingfalseideals,praisingselfishnessandbuildthewrongvalues.AccordingtotheCanadianAcademy,somemediamessageshavebeenlinkedtothecauseofnumeroushealthconcerns.22.,causingpeopletodevelopbadhabits.Imagesusedinentertainmentcanprovidenegativeideasoflife.Youngpeopleareespeciallyinfluencedbythemedia.Youthofallagesandculturestrydesperatelytoimitatetherolemodelstheyobserveinthemedia.23..Theyarelikelytodevelopeatingdisorders,lowself-esteem,andpsychologicaldiseases.Negativemediainfluencescanmisleadyouthinthewrongdirection.Themediainfluencesthepublicbysharingnewswithanopinionatedperspective.Thepersonalvaluesofmediabusinessesimpacttheinformationshared.Thereporterscanaddpersonalideastothestoriestheycover.24..Anotherproblemisthattechnologicaladvancesprovidevenuestoreachalargeraudiencethanbefore.25.,butwecan'tdenythatmediachangesourwaysofthinkingandliving.Italsopromotesthetransformationofpersonalityandtheformationofnewbeliefsthroughtheinformationdeliveredandeducationavailableeasily.Whatweshoulddoisdevelopthecriticalthinkingability.A.MediaisamajorpiecewithinsocietyoftenlinkedtothesocialinfluenceB.ObviousproblemsexistthereC.Negativeideasfoundinmovies,television,radioandadvertisementsareharmfultotheyouthD.Butanindividualshouldn'tmakethechoiceforyoungpeopleE.ButtheiropinionssometimesarearbitraryF.Ontheotherhand,itcantwistthetruthG.Televisionwillencouragepeopletotakealcohol6LackofsleepcanbecompensatedforbyexerciseStayingactiveandfitcouldhelptowardoffsomeofthenegativehealthimpactsthatwouldnormallyresultfromlow-qualitysleep,accordingtoalargestudyof380,055middle-agedpeopleinvolvedintheUKBiobankresearchproject.Whilethehealthbenefitsofexerciseandsleeparenothingnew,26..Itcouldevengivedoctorsanotheroptiontosuggestforpatientsdealingwithsleepproblems."Wefoundthosewhohadboththepoorestsleepqualityandwhoexercisedtheleastweremostatriskofdeathfromheartdisease,stroke(中风),andcancer,"saysepidemiologistBo-HueiHuang,fromtheUniversityofSydneyinAustralia.27..Participantsweregroupedintothreelevelsofphysicalactivity(high,mediumorlow)andwerealsogivenasleepqualityscorefrom0-5basedontheamountofshut-eyetheygot,howlatetheystayedup,insomnia(失眠),snoringanddaytimesleepiness.Thosewiththehighestriskofdyingfromcancerorheartdiseaseduringthestudyperiodwerethosewiththeworstqualitysleepandwhodidn'tmeettheWHOrecommendedguidelinesforexercise.28..29.,forexample,thoseattheunhealthiestendofthesleepandexercisescalehada45percenthigherriskofdyingfromcancerthanthosewithgoodsleepscoreswhokeptphysicallyactive.30..A.Thefindingssuggestalikelysynergistic(相互的)effect,aninterplay,betweenthetwobehaviorsB.ThatriskwentdownforpeoplewithpoorqualitysleepbutwhodidmeettheexerciseguidelinesC.ExercisecanmakeupforthelackofsleepqualityD.It'stherelationshipbetweenthemthatisinterestinginthisparticularstudyE.However,thatriskjustaboutdisappearedforthosewhodidn'tscorewellonsleepbutdidscorewellonphysicalactivityF.Thisalsomeansthathighqualitysleepcanslowaperson'sriskofillnessG.Inthecaseofallformsofcancer7Mostofthestudentsreallydon’tknowwhattheyactuallydoingduringaschoolday.31.Onceyoufollowtheseideasandtips,youwillbearightpersonatschoolandhome.32.Thefirstyouhavetowriteinapaperis,whataretheactivitiesyoumissedonthatdayandwhy.Theotheris,whataretheactivitiesyouhavetodoonnextday.Keepthispaperwithyou.Sonextday,thispaperhelpsyoutocompleteeveryactivityyouwrotedownlastnight.Don’tafraidtosayNOtoanyoneifitaffectsyourpersonaltasks.Let’ssayyouhavehomeworktofinishbeforegoingtobed.Inthissituation,yourfriendasksyoutocomeforamovie.33.Butifyouareasuccessfultimemanagementstudent,simplyyouwouldsayNOtohimandusethatvaluabletimeforyourpersonaltasks.Findwhatwillbeyourrighttimetodomoreactivities.Somestudentsprefermorningtimeandsomeprefereveningtime.34.Asaschoolstudent,youmusthavetoplaygamesorwatchingTV.35.Don’tmessupyourstudyingtimewiththeseextraactivities.Forinstance,youcanscheduleoneortwohoursforwatchingTVorplayinggamesafterschool,butconcentratemoretimeonhomework.A.Makeacarefulplaninadvanceandcarryitout.B.Takeapaperandwriteabout2thingsbeforegoingtobedeveryday.C.Butscheduleaparticulartimefortheseextraactivities.D.Determineyourpreferabletimeandget