北京市第一零一中学2024~2025学年高三上学期统练四英语试题 含解析

北京市第一0一中学2024-2025学年度统练4高三英语2024-10-15第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummerSaturday,sheapproached____1____,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.Oliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse’smouthandCharlielicked(舔)herhandsasshe____2____himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That’swhatIcalla(an)____3____,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lanVillagetohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto____4____.“I’mexcited,”Oliviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses____5____eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By____6____theprogram’shorseswithSabrina’shelpandforming____7____withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir____8____skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome____9____withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their____10____consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1.A.happily B.calmly C.slowly D.directly2.A.fed B.left C.made D.threw3.A.award B.exchange C.negotiation D.breakthrough4.A.fame B.success C.responsibility D.freedom5.A.before B.after C.as D.though6.A.takingover B.walkingwith C.caringfor D.respondingto7.A.routines B.bonds C.judgements D.ideas8.A.technical B.survival C.organizational D.social9.A.popular B.familiar C.satisfied D.patient10.A.resistance B.disappointment C.misunderstanding D.hesitation【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.B10.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，当她在一个夏天的周六被要求喂红褐色的马查理胡萝卜时，她慢慢地走近，有时不自信，转向一群等着喂它的孩子。A.happily高兴地；B.calmly平静地；C.slowly缓慢地；D.directly直接地。根据第一段第一句“Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.(9岁的奥利维亚一开始很害羞。她以前从未骑过马。)”可知她很害羞，所以当她被要求喂马时，她应该是缓慢地靠近。故选C项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥利维亚最终把胡萝卜放到了马口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜欢的食物。A.fed喂；B.left离开；C.made做；D.threw扔。通过上文可知她不敢喂马到最终把食物喂到了马的嘴里。当她把食物喂到马的嘴里时，查理舔了舔她的手。故选A项。3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A.award奖项；B.exchange交流；C.negotiation谈判；D.breakthrough突破。根据上文Oliver由开始的害羞不敢喂马，到最后把食物喂到马的嘴里，这是一种突破。故选D项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A.fame名声；B.success成功；C.responsibility责任；D.freedom自由。这个项目是帮助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故选B项。【5题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马，最后才有机会骑上它们。A.before在……之前；B.after在……之后；C.as当……时候/因为；D.though虽然。根据句意可知，在他们骑马之前需要学会接近马，喂马和刷马等。故选A项。【6题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A.takeover接管；B.walkwith与……同行；C.carefor照顾/关心；D.respondto回应。通过前文“theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses(他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马)”可知，孩子们通过照顾马和马建立联系。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A.routines常规；B.bonds联系；C.judgements判断；D.ideas主意。根据句意，孩子们通过照顾马与马建立联系。故选B项。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A.technical技术的；B.survival幸存的；C.organizational组织的；D.social社会的；社交的。根据本句“whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothers(这能帮助孩子与他人沟通)，表明孩子们的社交技能将会发生积极变化。故选D项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子们，查理需要通过闻他们的手来熟悉他们。A.popular流行的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.satisfied感到满意的；D.patient有耐心的。根据下一句“OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子们就学会了如何抚摸他的脸和头，然后学会了如何使用牵绳，收拾查理的烂摊子，给他喂胡萝卜。)”可知，查理一开始是先从闻手上的气味开始熟悉孩子们。一旦熟悉了，孩子们就可以抚摸他们的脸和头。故选B项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的犹豫相符地变成了微笑、笑声和兴奋。A.resistance抗拒；B.disappointment失望；C.misunderstanding误解；D.hesitation犹豫。由最后一段“Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.(奥利维亚并不是唯一一个一开始就紧张害羞的孩子。但最终奥利维亚也不是唯一一个离开时更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子们由一开始的犹豫最后转变为了自信和微笑。故选D项。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearn,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpoints___11___(low)onmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildren___12___bedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,___13___(look)atnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundpoorereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswho___14___(watch)lotsofTVduringchildhood.【答案】11.lower12.without13.looking14.hadwatched##watched【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新研究显示：过度看电视会对儿童的学习能力造成损害。【11题详解】考查比较级。句意：卧室里有电视的孩子在数学和语言艺术测试中的得分比卧室里没有电视的孩子低8分左右。根据空后的“than”可知，此处使用形容词low的比较级。故填lower。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：同上。根据前文的withTvs可知，此处表示“卧室内没有电视的孩子们”。故填without。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：另一项研究对新西兰近1000名成年人进行了调查，发现在童年时期看了很多电视的26岁人群中，受教育程度较低。句中found为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处asecondstudy与look之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词looking作定语。故填looking。【14题详解】考查动词时态。句意：同上。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的found可知句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时即用watched；或者可以表示设空处动作发生在found之间，即使用过去完成时，用hadwatched。故填hadwatched/watched。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。First___15___(create)bySterlingMortonin1872,TreePlantingDaywassetinordertoinspirepeople’spassionsforplantingandprotectingtrees,andtoprotectandimprovethenaturalenvironment___16___peopledependonfortheirliving.InFebruary,1979,the5thNationalPeople’sCongressofPeople’sRepublicofChinamadearesolutionthatMarch12hwouldbetakenasChineseTreePlantingDay.Sincethen,about50billiontrees___17___(plant)alloverChina.【答案】15.created16.which##that17.havebeenplanted【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了植树节的起源、意义以及在中国的发展情况。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：植树节于1872年由斯特林·莫顿（SterlingMorton）首创，旨在激发人们种树和保护树木的热情，保护和改善人们赖以生存的自然环境。句中wasset为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处TreePlantingDay与create之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。故填created。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导的是定语从句，关系词在从句中作on的宾语，修饰先行词environment，为物用which或者that。故填which或者that。【17题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：从那时起，中国各地种植了大约500亿棵树。句中sincethen为现在完成时的时间标志，同时主语50billiontrees与plant之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填havebeenplanted。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thedinnerpartyisunderthreat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninTheTimes.Youmightwonder,“Howcanthisbe?Don’twethrowpartiesforfriendsonspecialoccasions?”But___18___TheTimesworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone’shome.Invitations___19___(send)outweeksinadvanceandthehostspreparefood___20___(careful).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.【答案】18.what19.aresent20.carefully【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了《泰晤士报》最近的一篇生活方式专栏的文章：现代生活中晚餐聚会逐渐消失的现象。【18题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：但是《泰晤士报》所担心的是另一种消失。设空处引导的是主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指代“担心的事”用what。故填what。【19题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：邀请函会提前几周发出，主人会精心准备食物。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文的prepare可知，设空处使用一般现在时。同时invitations与send之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语invitations为复数。故填aresent。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：同上。句中使用careful的副词修饰从此prepare作状语。故填carefully。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAgadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除湿器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcanproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassover,astheamountofwaterwhichiscontainedintheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitseco-development,themachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreelights.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Sopeoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.”Themachine,whichisabout3feetwide,islikelytocost£800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.Itsmaker,CanadianFirmElementFour,roughlycalculatesthataliterofwatercostsaround20ptoproduce.Environmentalistsstatethathalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfiveissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinking.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswheretheamountofwatercontainedintheairisbelowabout30percent,butinBritainthatwon'tbemuchofaproblem.21.WhowouldbemostlikelyinneedofTheWaterMill?A.Ahouseholdwithhighelectricitybill.B.Residentsinanareawithfrequentstorms.C.Apersonwhohasaccesstowaterforfree.D.Someonewholacksenoughdrinkingwater.22.Whatdowelearnaboutthemachine?A.Itabsorbssteamandturnsitintowater.B.Itisveryexpensiveforfamiliestoafford.C.Itworksinthesamewayasmicrowaves.D.Ithelpstomakethewatercleantodrink.23.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoSolveWaterProblemBADehumidifiertoProduceWaterC.AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAirD.AnAbsolutelyNewInvention【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一款名为WaterMill的创新装置，该装置利用类似于除湿器的技术从空气中提取饮用水。它不仅为发达国家提供了瓶装水的替代品，还为数百万面临日常水资源短缺的人们提供了解决方案。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolution

forthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.(制造这台机器的公司表示，它不仅为发达国家提供了瓶装水的替代品，而且为数百万每天面临缺水的人提供了解决方案。)”可知，这台机器不仅为发达国家提供了瓶装水的替代品，而且为数百万每天面临水资源短缺的人们提供了解决方案。因此，最有可能需要WaterMill的是那些缺乏足够饮用水的人。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。文章第四段中“Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.

(这台机器的工作原理是通过过滤器吸入湿空气，并通过冷却装置将其转化为水滴。)”可知，此处描述了机器的工作原理，这意味着机器通过吸入湿空气，经过过滤器和冷却装置，将其转化为水滴，即吸收了水蒸气并转化为水。故选A。【23题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除湿器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.(利用与除湿器相同的技术，水磨可以从无限的资源——空气中——源源不断地产生饮用水。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种能从空气中制造饮用水的装置WaterMill，因此最适合的标题是描述这个装置的功能或特点的。C选项“AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAir(一种能从空气中制造水的机器)”直接概括了文章的主要内容，符合题意。故选C。BTwo-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming,bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,Jeffrefusedtolethisson’sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.JeffwouldactasJohnny’sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蛰),”hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecutoff.Despitethetiredness,Jeffwasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?A.TogetclosertoJohnny. B.TofulfillJohnny’sdream.C.TodiscoverJohnny’sinterest. D.TospeedupJohnny’srecovery.25.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?ALackofenergy. B.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness. D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful. B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.C.Patientandgenerous. D.Toughandhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice. D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了父亲杰夫为了实现患脑瘫的儿子约翰尼成为跑步运动员的梦想，每天陪着约翰尼练习，并一起参加比赛，在通过终点线时，杰夫默默站在一边，因为他希望这一刻的荣誉只属于儿子约翰尼。文章体现了以为父亲无私的爱。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.(但他成为一名跑步运动员的梦想从未停止过)”和第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.(为了让约翰尼知道他可以追求成为运动员的梦想，杰夫帮助他参加跑步。他们开始在凌晨4点起床，这样杰夫就可以一边跑步，一边推着他坐在一种叫做比赛椅的特殊轮椅上的儿子。每天早上，他们迫使自己跑得越来越快)”可知，杰夫领着约翰尼跑步是为了实现约翰尼成为跑步运动员的梦想。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蛰),”hesays.(但最糟糕的是，杰夫不得不与水母搏斗。他说：“我满脑子都是被蜇的次数。”)”可知，在游泳比赛中，被水母蜇的疼痛对杰夫来说最具挑战性。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.(他们开始在凌晨4点起床，这样杰夫就可以一边跑步，一边推着他坐在一种叫做比赛椅的特殊轮椅上的儿子)”，倒数第三段中“Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.(在两个人用了大约9个小时完成了艰难的自行车赛段后，他们把目光投向了比赛的最后一段——26.2英里的马拉松赛。他们已经比赛了10.5个小时，还剩下6.5个小时的时间)”以及倒数第二段中“After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.(16小时55分35秒后，父子俩一起冲过了终点线)”可知，约翰尼每天坚持训练，并参加完比赛的全程，因此他是意志坚定的；根据最后一段中““Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”(“我父亲不想要他的终点线时刻，”约翰尼说，眼里含着泪水。“他希望它是我的。”)”可知，约翰尼看到父亲的行为感动到落泪，因此推知他对父亲的付出是感激的。综上，故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.(为了让约翰尼知道他可以追求成为运动员的梦想，杰夫帮助他参加跑步。他们开始在凌晨4点起床，这样杰夫就可以一边跑步，一边推着他坐在一种叫做比赛椅的特殊轮椅上的儿子。每天早上，他们迫使自己跑得越来越快)”和最后一段“AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”(当人群为开心的约翰尼欢呼时，疲惫的杰夫却保持着低调。“我父亲不想要他的终点线时刻，”约翰尼说，眼里含着泪水。“他希望它是我的。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了父亲杰夫为了实现患脑瘫的儿子约翰尼成为跑步运动员的梦想，每天陪着约翰尼练习，并一起参加比赛，在通过终点线时，杰夫默默站在一边，因为他希望这一刻的荣誉只属于儿子约翰尼。文章体现了以为父亲无私的爱。C项“Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.(慈爱的父亲的价值是无价的)”可以概括本文主要内容。故选C。COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(气味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(转基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.28.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.C.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.D.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.29.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood.D.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.【答案】28.C29.D30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一队研究人员想通过研究蚊子为什么叮咬某一类人，找到阻止它们叮咬人类的策略，预防文字叮咬引起的致命疾病。【28题详解】细节理解题。由第二段““Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.(普林斯顿神经科学研究所的生态学和进化生物学教授CarolynGauff说：“事实上，阻止这些烦人的蚊子在它们的轨道上活动，每年可以挽救多达50万人因这些疾病而丧生的生命。”这就是为什么Gauff的团队想要了解蚊子如何发现和瞄准人类的原因)”和最后一段中的“Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.(Gauff希望他们目前的工作可以用于制造灭蚊剂和引诱剂，以预防疾病)”可知，Gauff最终是想帮助预防蚊子引起的致命疾病（救人性命）才进行此项研究的。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.(癸醛在人体皮肤中特别丰富)”和“Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.(当我们皮肤的天然油脂中的一种成分——智人酸分解时，就会剩下癸酸。这种酸只存在于人身上。这很可能导致高水平的癸醛，帮助蚊子嗅到它们的气味)”可知，癸酸是智人酸分解后的残留物，蚊子通过癸醛（智人酸分解后的残留物）找到人类，所以蚊子最喜欢癸醛（智人酸分解后的残留物）。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.(研究团队已经知道，蚊子有大约60种不同类型的神经元来感知气味，所以当他们观察蚊子的大脑时，他们认为可能会看到很多活动。但蚊子的大脑出奇的安静，这意味着信号可能相当简单，仅限于几种类型的神经元。Gauff说：“一种神经元对人类和动物的气味反应非常强烈。另一种神经元同时对两者都有反应，但对人类气味的反应比动物气味的反应强烈得多。”)”可知，蚊子有大约60种不同类型的神经元来感知气味，但研究发现只有几种类型的神经元才会对人类和动物气味作出反应，可得出大多数蚊子神经元不参与对人类气味的反应。故选A项。DThestart-upthatattractedthelargestinvestmentinthehistoryofcybersecurity,ofmorethanhalfabilliondollars,hasasimplegoal:apasswordlessfuture.Despitethespreadofpasswordmanagementsoftwarethatcangenerateandremembercomplicatedstringsofrandomcharacters,someofthemostcommonpasswordsarestill“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.Asaresult,morethan80percentofhacksinvolvethesekindsofpasswords;andpasswordsremainthemostsought-afterdatabyhackers,aboveotherpersonalorsensitiveinformation.Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.Sincetheneedtoreplacetheeasilyforgottenandhighlyhackablestringsoflettersandnumbersthatweusetoaccesseverydaylifehasbecomeevenmoreurgent,theracetoreplacethepasswordisunderway,withbiometric-based(基于生物识别的)securityemergingasoneofthemostsought-aftersolutions.AccordingtoTieo,aunionofmorethan250companies,whichpromotesastandardsystemofpasswordlessauthentication(身份验证),thevastmajorityofconsumerserviceswillofferpasswordlessloginsystemsinthenextcoupleofyears.“Ifdonecorrectlyandsafely,biometricsarereallyhelpingusmovetoapasswordlessfutureinarapidmanner,”saidAndrewJenkinson,CEOofTieo.Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselyguardedforprivacypurposesandtopreventspoofing—hackerstryingtotrickcamerasorsensorswithphotos,ormasksoftheirvictim.“Biometricauthenticationandpasswordlessauthenticationhasitsownattacksurface,”saidPaulSmith,directorofsecurityresearchatCyberPek.Histeamrevealedthatithadfoundadesignproblemwhichwouldallowpotentialattackerstobypassfacialrecognitionloginbyinjectingaspoofedphotoofauser’sfaceintotheprocess.Thebiggestobstaclestandinginthewayofthestart-upshopingtokillthepasswordishowtochangeyearsofhabit.EricBrown,founderofTAKCyber,acyberresearchandadvisorycompany,arguedthatwhilesensitiveapplicationsmayrapidlyshiftfrompasswords,otherwebsiteshavelessmotivationtoupdatetheirsystems.“You’llnevergetridofthem,”hesaid.“We’renevergoingtogettothepost-passwordera.”31.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whypasswordsarethemostsought-afterdata.B.Howpasswordsarestolenbyphishingemails.C.Howpasswordshavecausedustrouble.D.Whypasswordsaredifficulttosecure.32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Facialrecognitionloginisthekeytofightinghackers.B.Biometricauthenticationhasitsownsetofproblems.C.TAKCyber’sloginsystemguaranteesthesafetyofdata.D.Spoofingbringsmoreproblemsthanautomatedprograms.33.WhatisEricBrown’sattitudetowardsapasswordlessfuture?A.Indifferent. B.Passionate. C.Pessimistic. D.Objective.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Biometricauthentication:passwordsecuritysolution!B.Start-upsracetowelcomeapasswordlessfutureC.TheargumenttoendpasswordshasbegunD.Killingthepassword:acureorafantasy?【答案】31.D32.B33.C34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多公司投入到无密码的研究中，但是其中还有许多问题需要解决。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.(在许多情况下，个人通过网络钓鱼邮件和其他社会工程技术被骗提供密码细节。黑客还试图侵入应用程序，窃取整个密码数据库。密码也受到新技术的攻击，比如自动程序可以快速猜测密码，或者在多个在线账户上尝试窃取密码)”可知，第三段主要讲为什么密码很难保护。故选D项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselygua