2025年高考英语一轮复习专题6形容词和副词核心考点（原卷版）

2025年高考英语一轮复习专题6：形容词和副词核心考点精讲精练（原卷版）【考点梳理】形容词主要作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，可以用来修饰名词、代词等，也可以单独使用。对应单词为adjective，缩写为adj.，常翻译为“的”，位置可以是在名词前，也可以在代词之后或系动词之后等。形式上除了本身为形容词的，常见还有会加前缀a及后缀y/ful/al/en/ent/ive/ish/ous/ly等的形容词以及一词多性的形容词。副词主要是作状语、表语、宾语补足语等的作用，对应单词为adverb，缩写为adv.，常翻译为“地”或“得”，形式上除了本身是副词外，多以ly后缀结尾或形副同形的。根据作用，副词常分为时间副词、地点副词、程度副词、关系副词、疑问副词、方式副词、频度副词等。考点一形容词的构成与句法功能一、形容词的构词规律类别例词词尾加ycloud→cloudy,luck→lucky,health→healthy,sleep→sleepy词尾加(e)dgift→gifted,talent→talented,advance→advanced,excite→excited词尾加­ingsurprise→surprising,convince→convincing,frighten→frightening词尾加ful/lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless,harm→harmful/harmless,home→homeless,colour→colourful/colourless,use→useful/useless,thank→thankful/thankless,peace→peaceful/peaceless词尾加ablefort→fortable,knowledge→knowledgeable,accept→acceptable,respect→respectable词尾加ousdanger→dangerous,courage→courageous,humour→humorous词尾的ce变为tconfidence→confident,difference→different词尾加almusic→musical,person→personal,nation→national,education→educational,tradition→traditional词尾加lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,love→lovely词尾加enwood→wooden,wool→woolen其他常见变化energy→energetic,fool→foolish,pleasure→pleasant/pleased,science→scientific以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加y(如sun→sunny,fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加y(如noise→noisy,ice→icy,taste→tasty等)动词词尾加­ive/­ativeattract→attractive,talk→talkative,prevent→preventive,protect→protective二、词形转换的具体总结形容词后缀1．形容词后缀able(1)能……的；可……的accept→acceptable可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的adjust→adjustable可调节的 afford→affordable 负担得起的rely→reliable可信赖的，可依靠的 change→changeable 易变的admire→admirable可钦佩的 believe→believable 可相信的(2)具有……的特点enjoy→enjoyable令人愉快的 suit→suitable 合适的fort→fortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的reason→reasonable合理的 value→valuable有价值的knowledge→knowledgeable有丰富知识的，博学的2．形容词后缀ful/lesscheer→cheerful兴高采烈的 doubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的 thought→thoughtful周到的；深思的peace→peaceful和平的 success→successful成功的regret→regretful后悔的 harm→harmful有害的→harmless无害的help→helpful有帮助的→helpless无助的；无能的 hope→hopeful有希望的→hopeless绝望的use→useful有用的→useless无用的；无效的 power→powerful强有力的→powerless无力的meaning→meaningful有意义的→meaningless无意义的3．形容词后缀ive/ativeact→active积极的；活跃的 attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意义的create→creative创造性的 progress→progressive进步的talk→talkative健谈的（别忘了字母a） effect→effective有效的4．形容词后缀ous（ous还是ious一定要记清楚）continue→continuous不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的danger→dangerous危险的 humor→humorous幽默的mountain→mountainous多山的 poison→poisonous有毒的ambition→ambitious有野心的 religion→religious宗教的space→spacious宽敞的；广阔的5．形容词后缀ble/iblehorror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的；糟糕的vision→visible看得见的 access→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的6．形容词后缀yfog→foggy多雾的 taste→tasty美味的；可口的 luck→lucky幸运的health→healthy健康的 dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的 greed→greedy贪婪的sun→sunny阳光明媚的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的7．形容词后缀al/ialculture→cultural文化的 agriculture→agricultural农业的 practice→practical实际的music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 tradition→traditional传统的 option→optional可选择的，选修的 profession→professional专业的；职业的benefit→beneficial有益的 face→facial面部的（看起来很简单但很容易错）industry→industrial工业的 finance→financial金融的8．形容词后缀icscience→scientific科学的 economy→economic经济的 history→historic历史上著名的 history→historical具有重大历史意义的energy→energetic精力充沛的 class→classic经典的9．形容词后缀enwood→wooden木制的 gold→golden金色的 wool→wool(l)en羊毛的10．形容词后缀lydead→deadly致命的 live→lively活跃的 friend→friendly友好的 year→yearly每年的 month→monthly每月的 week→weekly每周的day→daily每日的；日常的 cost→costly昂贵的 order→orderly有次序的三、形容词的功能在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。Heistheonlymanaliveinthevillageaftertheearthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。Itisaproblemdifficulttosolve.这是个难以解决的问题。■名师点津(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Light­heartedandoptimistic,sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。(2)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly等。2．副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。(2019·天津卷)Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitisproperlyestablished.狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。■名师点津有些副词，如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。(安徽卷)Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。（2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。Happilyforher，herstepmotherwaskindtoher.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)→出处→材料性质→类别→名词asmallroundtable atallgraybuilding adirtyoldbrownshirtafamousGermanmedicalschool anexpensiveJapanesesportscar五、形容词、副词辨析形容词副词的区别及用法1.late和laterHeislate.Heishalfanhourlate. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。Threeminuteslater,hearrived. 三分钟后，他来了。2.pleased,pleasing与pleasant（1）pleased的含义是“感到满意，高兴”，后常跟介词at,with。例如：I'mpleasedtoseeyouhere. 在这儿见到你很高兴。She'spleasedwithourprogramme. 她对我们的节目很满意。（2）pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”，相当于“givingpleasure”。例如：Mysister'sprogressindancingispleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。Thebabyhasapleasingvoice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。（3）pleasant表示“快乐的，愉快的”。例如：Thegirlhasapleasantchildhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。Tohaveapleasantholidayismyfavorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。3.living,alive与live。在句中充当定语及表语。例如：Notalllivingthingsliveonsunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。Mygrandparentsarestillliving. 我的祖父母仍然健在。（2）alive译为“活着的”，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：Hemaybethebusiestpersonalive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。Isthatsheepdeadoralive? 那头羊是死了还是活着？（3）alive还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如：Youseemverymuchalivetoday. 你今天看起来很活跃。（4）live表示“活着的”，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。Theprogrammeislive./Theprogrammeisbroadcastlive. 这个节目是现场直播的。4.worth，worthy与worthwhile（1）worth意为“值得的”，后接ving形式，构成“beworthdoing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；（2）worthy意为“值得的”，后接“of+名词（或being+过去分词）”，构成“beworthyof+名词（或beingdone）”结构或“beworthytobedone”结构。（3）beworthwhiletodosth/doingsth例如：Thiscoatisworthonehundredyuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。Thisproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed. 这个问题值得讨论。5.too、also、eithertoo和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。Aretheyingtoo? 他们也来吗?Sheisyoungandbeautiful,andalsorich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。Hehasn’tfinishedit,either. 他也还没有做完。6.likely与possible,probablelikely的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。7.most与mostlymost做形容词或代词，如：moststudents,mostofus；mostly为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。如：即时检测：1．Bynowmedicalworkershadarrived,andwerelookingafterthe(injure).（所给词的适当形式填空）2．Thestudyshowedadeepfearamongthe(elder)ofbeingabandonedtothecareofstrangers.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Tosumup,TheCurseoftheWereRabbitisanamazingfilmwhichis（suit）forbothchildrenandadults.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Wemustkeepregularhoursandgetplentyofexercisetostay(energy)andfit.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Whenwecouldn’twear(fashion)clothes,weneverblamedourmother.考点二副词的构成与句法功能一、副词的构词规律类别例词形容词＋后缀lyclear→clearly,great→greatly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly,sincere→sincerely以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加lyhappy→happily,heavy→heavily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加­ly)词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加yterrible→terribly,possible→possibly,gentle→gently,probable→probably,fortable→fortably,responsible→responsibly,suitable→suitably(例外：whole→wholly)词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加lytrue→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfull→fully,dull→dully词尾为ic的形容词，加allybasic→basically,scientific→scientifically,specific→specifically,automatic→automatically二、副词的句法功能副词是一种词类，常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词在句子中用作状语时，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置；副词在句子中作表语时位于系动词之后；副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面；副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法，应牢记和熟练掌握。具体解读(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Landingonthemoon'sfarsideisextremelychallenging.登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。②[2021·全国乙卷书面表达]Besides,wecanabsorballkindsofresourcestolearnmoreefficiently.此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。③[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved,especiallyBernardwhofinallyfoundawaytomakemoneyforhisfamily.不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。Theyoungmancouldn'taffordanewcar.Instead,heboughtausedone.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides，I'dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。三、形容词和副词的辨析1.early，alone,enough,fast,better,best,downstairs,upstairs,far,under,straight,(表示方位)left,right,back,front,(表示数量)little,muchHealwaysgetsupearly,becauseheknowsthattheearlybirdcatchestheworm.他总是起床很早，因为他知道早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(前者为副词，作状语；后者为形容词，作定语)Helikestobealoneandalwaysgoesoutalone.他喜欢一个人，总是单独外出。(前者为形容词，作表语；后者为副词，作状语)2.hard,very,past,still,well,that,this等Hardworkleadstosuccess.努力工作通向成功。(为形容词作定语，意为“艰苦的，努力的”)UndertheleadershipoftheParty,thepeopleareworkinghard.在党的领导下，人民努力工作。(为副词作状语，意为“努力地”)StandstillwhileItakeaphotoofyou.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。(为形容词作表语，意为“不动的；静止的”)Althoughitwasmidnight,ourteacherwerestillworking.尽管半夜了，我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状语，意为“仍然”)3.既可作形容词又可作副词且有­ly表抽象概念(有­ly)的词情况形容词副词（抽象含义）deep深的Theholeisdeep.这个洞很深。深地；在深处Heworkeddeepintothenight.他工作到深夜。deeply深深地；深刻地Heisdeeplymoved.他被深深地打动了。wide宽阔的；宽的Theriveris10meterswide.关阔地；充分地Openyoureyeswide.睁大你的眼睛。widely广泛地Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英语在世界上被普遍应用。high高的高；向高处Hejumpshigh.他跳的很高。highly高度地；非常Heishighlyspokenof.他被高度评价。close近的；亲密的；仔细的Heismyclosefriend.他是我关系很好的朋友。挨着；接近Standclosetothedoor.站的挨着门。closely密切地Listenclosely.仔细地听。4．有无­ly意义大不相同的形容词和副词hard与hardlyHeworkshardathislessons.他努力学习功课。(副词，意为“努力地”)ThenewsissogoodthatIcanhardlybelieveit'strue.这个消息太好了，我简直不敢相信这是真的。(副词，意为“几乎不”)sharp与sharplyItwastwelveo'clocksharp.现在12点整了。(副词，意为“整点，恰好”)“Don'ttalknonsense”，shesaidsharply.“别胡扯”，她严厉地说。(副词，意为“严厉地”)fair与fairlyOnelearnstofighthardbutfightfair,towinwithoutprideandtolosewithgrace.一个人要学会努力奋斗，但要公平奋斗，赢而不骄，输而不失风度。(副词，意为“公平地”)Itisfairlywarmtoday.今天相当暖和。(副词，意为“相当，很”)near与nearlyMayDayisdrawingnear.五一即将到来。(副词，意为“在附近；不久以后”)Myteacherisnearly60yearsold,andheteacheswell.我的老师将近60岁，他教得很好。(副词，意为“几乎，将近”)short与shortlyPaperisrunningshort.纸快用完了。(副词，意为“短缺地”)He'llbebackshortly.他很快就会回来。(副词，意为“不久”)most与mostlyWhatstruckmemostwashiscourage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。(副词，much的最高级，意为“最”)Itwasamosttouchingscene.那是极其动人的场面。(形容词，意为“很；十分；极其”)Theyaremostlyvisitingscientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词，意为“大部分地，主要地”)即时检测：6．Heclaimedthathewasbuttherewasnoevidencetoprovehis.(innocent)(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Mr.Brookeisan(extreme)kindandgenerousman.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．(general)speaking,theweatherhereisneitherhotnorcold.9．(similar),drivingoverthespeedlimitorafter(consume)alcoholincreasesthelikelihoodoftrafficaccidents.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．Youmayoftenjudgeyourselfbywhatisontheoutside,notontheinside.,likeabook,yourcontentsaremuchmoreimportantthanyourcover.(用适当的词填空)考点三形容词和副词的比较级、最高级①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加er或est；以e结尾的直接加r或st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加er或est；多音节词前面加more或most。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等词修饰。③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。易错点：1．少数以er，ow，y或le结尾的双音节词，可以加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowesteasy→easier→easiest simple→simpler→simplest2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。good/well→better→best bad/ill→worse→worst many/much→more→mostlittle→less→least old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)4．比较级的基本用法(1)同级比较①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour，itisasweleinconversationasanywhereelse.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级比较“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。5．比较级的特殊用法①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。②“morethan＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Ofthetwosisters，Maryisthecleverer.这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。6．比较级形式表示最高级含义在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。①比较级＋than＋anyother＋可数名词单数②比较级＋than＋theother＋可数名词复数③比较级＋than＋anyone/anythingelse④比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋可数名词复数⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.Thatis，itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世间没有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。7．最高级的基本用法(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)oneof＋形容词最高级＋名词复数Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。即时检测：11．It’sjustwhatIwanted,andIcan’texpecta(good)gift.12．Ifyoufollowthesestepsandputyour(good)footforwardinyourinterview,youwillbeonestepclosertoreachingtheendoftherainbowand(obtain)yourdreamjob.(所给词的适当形式填空)13．The(generous)peoplespendmoney,themorelikelytheyaretofacemoneyproblems.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Duringaninterview,ProfessorHawkingwarnedthatAI(人工智能)wouldsoonreachalevelwhereitwouldbea“newformoflife”thatwouldperform(well)thanhumans.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．Dividedintofivesections,thelongrunningshowisaimedtoofferartcollectorsandthegeneralpublicalikeanopportunitytolearnaboutChina’smodern,contemporaryprintartand(far)explorethemarketvalueofprints,accordingtoLiuZehui,thepersoninchargeoftheshow.(所给词的适当形式填空)【达标训练】语法填空1．ConservationistsinChileareconcernedovertheeffectof(merce)exploitationofforests.2．Wegoanddothe(week)shoppingeveryThursday.3．(individual)inventorscontributedsignificantlytotechnologicaladvancementsduringtheIndustrialRevolution.4．(individual)leadersoftenmadepivotaldecisionsthatchangedthecourseofhistory.5．The(individual)experiencesofimmigrantsenrichedtheculturalfabricofthecountry.6．(individual)artistsleftalastingimpactontheartworld.7．Regularexerciseis(benefit)tomentalhealthbyreducingstressandimprovingmood.8．Themuseumstaffare(sense)totheneedforpreservingartifacts.9．Forthosewithfamilymembersfarawaythepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinkeeping(connect).10．Being(embarrass)aboutyourpastactionscanpreventyoufrommovingforward.11．Withthelights,theroomwaspitchblack.12．Heplaystheviolin(classical)andhaswonseveralpetitions.13．Shetrained(classical)inballetfromayoungage.14．Thestudentslistened(eager)totheprofessor’slectureonancienthistory.15．Seeingtherecoveryofanendangeredspecies(emotion)movesconservationistswhohaveworkedtirelesslyfortheirprotection.16．Shegaveawaythesecret(accident)duetopanic.17．Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youcanexercise(regular)inagym.18．Thechildrenlookedatme(curious),askingwhereIcamefrom.19．Visitorstothefestivalare(mental)stimulatedbythewiderangeofperformancesandexhibits.20．(hope)wecanfindawayofsolvingthisproblem.21．Susan,abiologystudenthasakeeninterestinwildlifeandwouldliketoknowhowpeopleandwildlifecancoexist(peaceful)inanarea.22．Thiskindofglovesare(slight)moreexpensivebuttheylastalotlonger.23．A(balance)approachtourbanplanningensuresthatnewdevelopmentsdonotharmculturalheritagesites.24．Heis(determine)totakegoodcareofhisparentsfromnowon.25．Wewereexpectingtowin,soadraw(平局)wasa(disappoint)resultforus.【能力提升】阅读理解ATwoSpecialMuseumsBarbed(有刺的)WireMuseumIsthisthestrangestmuseumofall?Onething’sforsure—youwon’twanttotouchthehandiworkondisplay!InventedbyJosephGliddenin1874,thistypeofwirefencingquicklyturnedintoamultimilliondollarindustry.Wherefarmersoncelettheiranimalswanderfreelyacrosstheprairies(草地),thiswirenowenabledlandtobesectioned—andthatinturn,changedthefaceofthe“WildWest”!Openedin1971,themuseumdisplaysover2,000varietiesofbarbedwire,aswellastoolsandequipmentusedinfencing.Whowouldehere?Thethousandsofbarbedwirefansacrosstheworld,itseems!TheSaltandPepperShakerMuseumOpenedin2001,theownersofthissmallmuseuminTennessee,USAareseriouscollectors!Theirmuseumhousesover20,000differentsaltandpeppershakers,someofwhichdatebackthousandsofyears!Withshakersshapedasastronauts,chickens,monks,lettersandcutepuppies,youwillbeamazedattheenormousvarietyonshow!Andwhileyoulookthroughtheirpackedshelves,youalsogettolearntheratherinterestinghistorybehindsaltandpepper.OnesaltshakertheLuddenfamilydon’thaveintheirmuseumistheCelliniSaltCellar.ThiswaspresentedtoFrancisI,KingofFrance,in1543andwasmadefrompuregoldandit’sworthanamazing€50million!1．Whenwasbarbedwirefencinginvented?A．In1874. B．In1971. C．In2001. D．In1543.2．WhatcanwedointheSaltandPepperShakerMuseum?A．Takephotoswithastronauts. B．Usedifferentkindsofshakers.C．Learnhistoryaboutsaltandpepper. D．AdmireashakeronceusedbyFrancisI.3．Whatdothetwomuseumshaveinmon?A．Theyshowsomethingfamous. B．Theyshowsomethingunusual.C．Theyshowsomethingpopular. D．Theyshowsomethinghelpful.BFinnslovetoread:It’stheirfavoritethingtodointheirtimeoff.ThecountryisalittlesmallerthanMontana,butitslibrarynetworkislarger,withhundredsofcentrallibraries,branchlibrariesandmobilelibraries.IwastwoyearsoldwhenmyfamilysetfootinFinland.WesettledinPorvoo,asmallcityofaround50,000peopleaboutanhourawayfromthecapital,Helsinki.Onethingitdidn’thavewerebooksinmyfamily’slanguage—myfirstlanguage,Albanian.Ican’tsaythatIwaseverencouragedtopickupabook.ButonceIlearnedhowtoreadFinnish,Ineverstopped,beingafrequentsightatthesmallschoollibrary.Iwas10yearsoldwhenthenewbuildingofthemainlibraryofPorvooopeneditsdoorstothepublic.WhenIvisitedforthefirsttime,IwassoinawethatIcried.Irarely,however,borrowedabook.PerhapsIwasjustscaredthatsomethingwouldhappentothebooksiftheyweresomewheretheydidn’tseemtobelong.Butunliketherealworld,booksneverdistressedme—evencrime,horrorandthrillertitles—andIreadeverything.IspentasmuchtimeasIcouldinthenewlibrary—fallinginlovewithbooksandstoriesandtheFinnishlanguage;gainingconfidenceasaspeaker;anddreamingofwritingabookofmyownoneday,slowlygrowingfromareadertoawriter.4．WhatproblemdidtheauthormeetwitharrivinginFinland?A．Hehadfewfriendstomakewith. B．Hefeltdiscouragedtoreadabook.C．Hecouldn’treadbooksinFinnish. D．Hecouldn’tfindavailablelibraries.5．WhatcanbeinferredaboutthenewlybuiltlibraryofPorvoo?A．Ittookadecadetobuild. B．ItneverfailedtoimpressC．Itreceivedthemostreaders. D．Itarousedreaders’creativity.6．Whichisclosestinmeaningto“distressed”inparagraph4?A．Worried. B．Drew. C．Satisfied. D．Surprised.7．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ExperienceCulturesofFinland B．RecallOldDaysinAlbaniaC．PursueMyDreamsinHelsinki D．ReadMyWayThroughPorvooCSmartglassesthatsendoutasoundwhenanobjectesintotheirfieldofviewcouldhelppeoplewhoareblindtolocatecertainitems.Blindpeoplecanbetrainedtomoveviaecholocation(回声定位).Thisinvolvesthemsendingoutanoisethatbouncesoffobjectsaroundthem,withthereturningechoesgivinginformationabouttheirsurroundingarea.Inspiredbythisability,HoweZhuattheUniversityofTechnologySydneyinAustraliaandhiscolleagueswantedtocreateglassesthatsimilarlygivepeopleinformationaboutwhatobjectsareclosetothem.TheresearchersfirsttookapairofARglasseswithtwofrontfacingcamerasandbuiltinspeakers.Theythendesignedasmartphoneappthatuseddeeplearningtoprocessthevisualinformationcapturedbytheglassestoidentifyfourobjects:abowl,cup,bookandbottle.Theteamprogrammedasoundtoplayfromthespeakerswhenoneoftheobjectscameintotheglasses’fieldofviewasawearerscannedtheirheadaroundaroom.Eachoftheobjectswasassignedaconnectedsound.Forexample,whenabookcameintoview,thewearerheardapageturning.Totesttheglasses,theteamenlistedsevenpeoplewithvaryingdegreesoflightsenseandsevenpeoplewithnosightissueswhowereblindfolded.Theysatatatablewiththefourobjectsarrangedontop.Whenaskedtopickuponeoftheobjects,theparticipantswhowereeitherblindorhadlowvisionwereabletodosocorrectly81%ofthetime,paredwitha73%successratefortheblindfoldedparticipants.Theresearchersnowhopetodevelopthistechnologytorecognizemoreobjectsandtoallowpeopletouseitwhiletheyarewalkingaround.8．WhydoesHoweZhudevelopsmartglasses?A．Toidentifythenearbyitems. B．Toconfirmthereturningechoes.C．Toenhancethetrafficsafetylevel. D．Totestthefunctionofordinaryglasses.9．Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A．Theouteoftheexperiment. B．Theprocessoftheexperiment.C．Theimportanceoftheexperiment. D．Thepurposeoftheexperiment.10．WhatcanbelearnedaboutHoweZhu’ssmartglasses?A．Participantspreferwearingthem. B．Researchersdoubttheirfunctions.C．Theybenefitthosewithlowvision. D．Theycataloguedifferentinformation.11．Whatcolumnofawebsiteisthetexttaken?A．Education. B．Culture. C．Amusement. D．Technology.DTherearetwodistinctivetypesofelectricbusesmakingtheirwayalongNanjingXiLu,oneofShanghai’sbusiestroads.Thefirstisafleetofbluetrolleybusesthatservebusroutenumber20,alinesetupbyaBritishruntransportpanyin1928.Theyusepolestoreceiveelectricityfromwiresoverheadandhavekepttherouterunninginthiswayfornearlyacentury.ButwhilethehistoricelectricbusesareareminderofEurope’spasttechnologicalinnovation,thenewbusestravelingalongsidethemaresymbolsofChina’scontemporarynetzeroambition.Thesemodernelectricbusespoweredbylithiumbatteries(锂电池),wereintroducedinShanghaiin2014.Theyofferasmootherride,especiallyduringstartsandstops.WidelyusedacrossChina,thesebusesarekeytothecountry’sEVtransitionandareinfluencingtheglobalshifttowardsgreentransportation.ThemostrecentdataavailableshowsthatChinain2018wasstillthesecondlargestsourceofcarbondioxideemissionsintheglobaltransportsector,responsiblefor11%,andbehindonlytheUnitedStates,whichaccountedfor21%.Afteraroundtwodecadesofgovernmentsupport,Chinanowboaststheworld’slargestmarketforebuses,makingupmorethan95%ofglobalstock.Attheendof2022,China’sMinistryofTransportannouncedthatmorethanthreequarters(77%or542,600)ofallurbanbusesinthecountrywerenewenergyvehicles.Thespeedofthistransitionwasremarkable.Sofar,however,theChinesecitieswiththemostsuccessfulebusintroduction—suchasShenzhen,BeijingandShanghai—allhavemoderateweatherandarerelativelyflat.Totakeitsebuscampaigntothenextlevel,Chinafaceschallenges.Foronething,itisdifficulttobringfleetstocitiessuchasHongKong,which—likeLondon—havedoubledeckers.Thesetwostoreyedvehiclesare“veryhard”toelectrify,becausetheyareheavier,usemoreenergy,andsoneedbiggerbatteries,reducingthenumberofpassengerstheycancarry.Coldweatherisaproblem,too,asitcanmakeabattery’schargingtimelongeranditsrangeshorter.ThereasonChinahasnotachieved100%electrificationforitsbusesisitsnorthernregions,whichhavecoldwinters,saysXueLulu,atransportationexpertattheWorldResourcesInstituteChina.12