广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语

2023～2024学年下学期佛山市普通高中教学质量检测高二英语2024.7注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节听力理解（共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分）材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有三个小题，各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听第一段材料，回答第1～3题。材料和问题读两遍。1.Question1:(录音)A.DoingTaiChi.B.PracticingBaDuanJin.C.TakingaChineseclass.2.Question2:(录音)A.Playbasketball.B.Registerforaclass.C.Attendatabletennismatch.3.Question3:(录音)A.Interested.B.Confident.C.Hesitant.听第二段材料，回答第4～6题。材料和问题读两遍。4.Question4:(录音)A.ChineseArt.B.Design.C.Philosophy.5.Question5:(录音)A.Toinspiremorestudents.B.Toholdmoreartexhibitions.C.Tomixmodernwithtraditional.6.Question6:(录音)A.InBeijing.B.InShanghai.C.InChongqing.第二节回答问题（共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分）听下面一段材料，然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍，读完每个问题后你将有10秒钟的作答时间。7.Question7:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________8.Question8:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________9.Question9:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________10.Question10:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________第二部分阅读（共三节，满分40分）第一节阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInthe40yearsafterEdmundHilaryandTenzingNorgayfirstreachedthetopofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛)in1953,anaverageof12peopleayearfollowedintheirfootsteps.In2023,morethan1,200peopleattemptedtheclimb.Hightechequipmentandbetterunderstandingofthephysicalimpactofhighaltitudes(海拔)havebroughtnewhopefulstoEverest.ButWillCockrell,inhisnewbookEverest.Inc,arguesthattheprimaryreasonistheestablishmentofaprofessionalguidingindustry.TheguidingindustryexistsmainlybecauseofDickBass.Bass,whomadeafortuneinoil,boughthiswayontothreedifferentEverestexpeditions(探险)and,in1985,aged55,hebecameboththeoldestandleastexperiencedclimbertoreachthetop.Thesightofanordinarypersonontopoftheworldgeneratedtheestablishmentofpaniestomeetthenewdemandfortours.Theearlyyearsofguidedexpeditionsinthe1990sweresuccessful.In199295,around150peoplepaidtobeledupthemountain,andathirdsucceeded.Duringa1995expedition,astormstruck.Theguides,eagerfortheirclientstoreachthetop,delayedturningthemaround.Threeguidesandtwoclimbersdied.Oneoftheclimbers,JonKrakauer,criticizedthejudgmentoftheguidesandtheselfishnessofinexperiencedclimbersinhisbookIntoThinAir.Manybusinessesassumedthatthebookwoulddestroythem.However,interestinEverestskyrocketed.In2014,16guideswereburiedbyfallingicewhiletransportingclients’equipment.Then,in2015,anavalanche(雪崩)killedtenguidesandnineclients.Asaresult,manyWesternpanieslosttheirenthusiasmforEverest.Everest.Incendsonaconfusingnote.Morepeoplearereachingthetop,butmorearedyingontheway,too:18peoplediedin2023,thehighestevernumber.“Expertsknowmorethaneverabouthowtoguideclientstoclimbsafely.Butthatdoesnotmakeitasafeplace,”saidCockrell.1.WhatcontributestotherisingpopularityofEverestclimbingaccordingtoCockrell?A.Theappearanceofgrouptourism.B.Theunderstandingofthemountain.C.Thestudyonhumanphysicalabilities.D.Thedevelopmentoftheguidingindustry.2.WhatdoweknowaboutDickBass’ssuccessinreachingthetopofEverest?A.Itenabledhimtomakeafortune.B.Itboosteddemandforguidedtours.C.Itprovedthelimitsofthehumanbody.D.Itmarkedthestartofnatureexpeditions.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyaboutconcerningguidedexpeditions?A.Theinitialsuccess. B.Thepubliccriticism.C.Theclimbingaccidents. D.Thephysicalchallenges.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EverestInc:AGuidetoEverestExpeditionB.ReachingtheTop:OpportunitiesandChallengesC.UpsandDowns:TheStoryofExpeditionPioneersD.ClimbingEverest:IncreasingPopularityandDeathsBFeelingburnedoutandlookingforreasonstoworkless?Anewstudyshowsthatworkingnightsandvolatile(不稳定的)schedulesinyoungadulthoodcanleaveyoutosufferfromdepressionandpoorhealthinmiddleage.Theresearchexaminedtheworkschedulesandsleeppatternsofmorethan7,000Americansoverthreedecades,fromtheagesof22through50.Tothesurpriseofthestudy’sauthor,NewYorkUniversityprofessorWenJuiHan,onlyonequarteroftheparticipantsworkedtraditionaldaytimehours.Theremainderworkedvariablehours.Thosewithvolatileworkschedulesreportedagreaterlikelihoodofpoorhealthanddepressionatage50thanthosewithmorestableschedules.“Ourworknowismakingussickandpoor,”Hansaidinaninterview.“Workissupposedtoallowustoacquireresources.But,foralotofpeople,theirworkdoesn’tallowthemtodoso.Theyactuallybeemoreandmoremiserable(悲惨的)overtime.”Dr.AlysonMyers,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,appreciatedthenewstudy’sfocusontheconnectionbetweenworkschedules,sleepandpoorhealth.Thestudyfindingsconfirmedwhatsheseesinmanyofherdiabetes(糖尿病)patients,whooftengetnomorethanfivehoursofsleepaftertheyworknightshifts.ManyoftheparticipantsinHan’sstudywhohadvolatileworkschedulestendedtohaveparttimejobs,insomecasesmultipleparttimejobs.“Unfortunately,”Myerssaid,“thetrendforalotofthesepeopleisthattheyhavetoworkmorethanonejobtosurvive.”Hanwouldlikeherresearchtopromoteconversationsaboutwaysofprovidingresourcestohelppeopleliveahappyandhealthylifewhenthey’redogtiredbothphysicallyandemotionallybecauseoftheirwork.5.WhatdoesHan’sstudymainlytellus?A.Thesignificanceofahealthylifestyle.B.Therisingtrendofworkingvariablehours.CThelongtermeffectsofunstableworkschedules.D.Somepracticalapproachestodealingwithdepression.6.WhatisMyers’sattitudetopeoplewithvolatileworkschedules?A.Understanding. B.Unconcerned. C.Doubtful. D.Critical.7.WhatisHan’sexpectationofherresearch?A.Toprovideresourcesforthepoor.B.Tohelpimprovepeople’swellbeing.C.Toraiseawarenessofhealthylifestyles.D.Toinitiatedialoguesbetweenemployees.CAnimallikerobotsarepopular.Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(误解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).“It’snottrueatall,”shesays.Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(挤压出)theplasticinacircularpatter,itcan3Dprintitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.Dependingonbrightnessanddirection,itchangestheheatthattheplasticisexposedto—lowertemperaturesresultinalighterbodythatincreasesinsizemorequickly,whilehighertemperaturesmakeitthickerandstrongerandgrowmoreslowly.TheresearchersfoundthatthesesimplefunctionalitieswereenoughtoletFiloBotmovethroughaplexandunseenenvironment,crossgapsandfindthingstoattachto.Thelackofheavyonboardputinghardware,theysay,meansthatitmoveseasilyandrequiresminimalmonitoring,whileitsslowpacemeansthatitdoesn’tdisturbthingsaroundit.Theysupposethatthismakesitsuitableforpotentialapplicationsincludingenvironmentalmonitoringinhardtoreachlocations,ormonitoringdisastersiteswhereexistingfacilitiesisunstable.Dr.Mazzolaihopesthatsuchprojectswillmotivateotherroboticiststodrawinspirationfromplants.Theplantkingdomisaworld,shesays,withapletelydifferentapproachtotheanimalone.“Andwecandevelopnewtechnologiesandartificialsolutions,becauseitissodifferent.”8.Whatleadstolimitedexplorationofplantlikerobots?A.Theslowgrowthrateofplants.B.Thelackofplantresearchcapability.C.Themisunderstandingofplantbehavior.D.Thedifficultyofapplyingplantlikerobots.9.HowdoesFiloBotgrow?A.Bypressingamotionsensor. B.Byexposingitselftosunlight.C.Bypushingoutsoftenedplastic. D.Bycontrollingoutsidetemperature.10.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Topointoutthevalueofrobotics. B.Topresentanewlyinventedrobot.C.Tocallformoreresearchintorobots. D.Tocorrectamisconceptionaboutplants.第二节语句排序（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）11.将下列语句（A、B、C、D和E）按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。A.Thesesongsreflectedthemesfromthepeople’sdailylives,suchashuntinganimalsorplantingcrops.B.Asthesestorieswereoftenquitelong,theyoftenhadrhymeandrhythm(韵律)tohelppeoplerememberthemmoreeasily.C.Sincenothingwaswrittendown,overtheyearsdifferentversionsofthesesongsdeveloped,andeachareawouldhaveitsownrespectiverhythm.Inadditiontothis,peoplewouldrecitestoriesofpastheroes.D.Poetryprobablyhaditsoriginsintraditionalfolkmusictensofthousandsofyearsago.Inthatera,therewerenoTVsorfilms,andwritinghadnotbeeninvented,sopeoplewouldsitaroundthefireatnightandsingsongstoentertainthemselves.E.Inthebeginning,suchsongsandstorieshadaverysimpleformat,andovertimetheybecamemoreplicatedandpolished.Thesewerenolongertheworksofamateurssittingaroundafirebutworksofpoetswhocaredabouttheirartandwhosometimesmadealivingfromit.________→________→________→________→________第三节选句填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。WorkingOutWhatYouWanttoDoThecareeryouhavedefinesyourlife,andtakingtimetothinkaboutitisanessentialexerciseforyoungpeople.Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool.____12____Somepeopleknowwhattheywanttodofromayoungage,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirheads.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystogaininsightintoapossiblecareerpathistopletea“careertest”.Theresultsofthetestwilltellyouaboutyourstrengthsandinterests,andsometestsalsosuggestcareersthatyoumaybesuitedto.____13____Therearedifferentkindsofcareertests.____14____Othersfocusmoreonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworksituations,likeworkingasalibrarianoralawyer.____15____Theiranswersareanalyzedanddividedupbetweensixdifferenttypesofworkpersonalities.Theparticipantisthengivenachartshowingtheirscoreforeachtype.Thetopthreescoresareusedtomakeacodethatindicatestheparticipant’soverallworkpersonality.Thiscodeisthenusedtogeneratealistofcareersuggestions.Inconclusion,careertestsareclearlyaveryusefultool.____16____Thesecrettoagoodcareerisfindingsomethingthatyouarepassionateabout.Sotryafewtestsonlineandstartthinkingaboutyourfuturecareerrightnow!A.This,however,isnotalwayseasy.B.Youshouldmakegooduseofyourschooltime.C.Someaskquestionsaboutyourpersonalinterestsandattitudes.D.Youradvantagesandhobbieswillhelpyoufindarewardingjob.E.However,itisimportanttorememberthattheyareonlymeantforguidance.F.Havingthisinformationwillincreaseyourchancesoffindingajobyoulike.GOnepopulartestaskstheparticipantstogradetheirpreferencesfordifferentworktasks.第三部分综合应用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Istartedstuttering(结巴)at10whenmyfatherdied.Ilostconfidencewhenspeaking,especiallyinunfamiliarsituations.Scienceseemeda(n)____17____formeasIassumedthatresearchisdonealoneandrequireslittleinteractionwithothers.____18____,Isoonlearnedit’shardlyajobforsomeoneafraidtotalk.Throughoutthecourseofmydoctoralstudies,IpracticedeverytalkIhadto____19____overandoveruntilIwassureIwouldnothavetothinkaboutthecontentswhenpresenting.Duringgroupmeetings,wheremyfamiliarworkmatesalreadyknewaboutmy____20____,Ilearnedtospeakup.Butina____21____audience,suchasadepartmentalseminar(研讨会),Ikeptquiet.IfIhadquestionduringatalk,Iwouldwaittoaskthespeaker____22____orjustkeepittomyself.Thisall____23____whenImovedtoanewinstitutionandwasaskedtostartaseminarseries.AndsuddenlyIwasinvitingpotentialspeakersandplanningtheir____24____.IsoonrealizedIcouldnotjustsitbackand____25____asbefore,butIwasworriedthatmystuttermighttripmeupinfrontofmyfellowworkers.Anyway,Imanagedtopushthat_____26_____asideandaccepttheresponsibility.Thefirstfewtalkswerequite_____27_____.AsIgotmorepracticeweekafterweek,Idiscoveredthe_____28_____wentfarbeyondbeingagoodhost.Istill_____29_____sometimes,andIcarefullychoosemywordsto_____30_____mystutter.ButIknowthatfacingmy_____31_____hashelpedmebeeabetterresearcher.17.A.daydream B.mystery C.shelter D.adventure18.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Fortunately D.However19.A.deliver B.write C.organize D.host20.A.failure B.career C.habit D.problem21.A.larger B.cleverer C.lessattentive D.moreenthusiastic22.A.constantly B.privately C.eagerly D.politely23.A.happened B.changed C.worked D.failed24.A.visits B.routes C.research D.deadline25.A.laugh B.imagine C.listen D.relax26.A.speech B.relationship C.seminar D.concern27.A.boring B.smooth C.inspiring D.stressful28.A.benefits B.responses C.requirements D.expectations29.A.showoff B.loseheart C.hesitate D.wonder30.A.cure B.hide C.describe D.understand31.A.words B.fears C.job D.choice第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。XuYuanchongaprofessoratPekingUniversity,wasfamousforhiscountlesstranslationworksofancientChinesepoetry.HemadegreatcontributionstointroducingforeignliteraturetoChina____32____ancientChinesepoetrytotheworld.____33____(know)as“theonlymasterinChina____34____cantranslateclassicalChinesepoetry,”Xutranslatedover120publicationsinChinese,English,andFrench.Heintroducedtotheworldcountlessancient____35____(poem)oftheTangDynastyandSongDynasty.HewontheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutstandingTranslationofLiteraturein2014attheageof93,____36____(make)himthefirstpersoninAsiatowintheprize.Xutriedhishandattranslationincollege,whenhe____37____(quote)“ofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”fromAbrahamLincoln____38____(explain)SunYatsen’sThreePrinciplesofthePeopletoforeigners.Xu____39____(recognize)asoneofthe“fivetalents”attheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniversity(193745)—aschoolwhosehistoryandgraduateshaveplayeda____40____(center)roleinmodernChina.Atanageof100,XustillstayedinasmallroomtodoShakespearetranslationsalmosteveryday.Itwasmorelike_____41_____pleasureinsteadofworktodescribetranslationforhim.第四部分词汇基础（共20分）第一节词义匹配（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据句子内容，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出与句中划线部分意义最接近的选项。42.Someteachersareopposedtothenewtechnologyintotheclassroom.A.areagainst B.openlycriticize C.havegotusedto D.lookforwardto43.Thestudentstretchedherstudyhoursinordertofullypreparefortheexam.A.forgotaboutthetime B.madethebestoftimeC.ranoutofstudytime D.spentlongertimestudying44.Thoughtheyaredifferentinonewayoranother,peoplehavenodifficultyinunderstandingeachother.A.fromtimetotime B.allthetime C.inacertainway D.ineveryaspect45.Iamfedupwithgettingsickallthetime.A.can’tbeargettingsick B.havegotusedtobeingillC.feelluckytohavegoodhealth D.havetheurgencytoseeadoctor46.Theabuseofsocialmediaforspreadingmisleadingnewshasbeeapressingissue.A.Theeasyaccess B.ThewronguseC.Therisingpopularity D.Therapiddevelopment47.Beingapartfrommyfamilyforsolong.IrealizedthatI’dbeentakingthemforgranted.A.Iwasclosetothem B.IneededthembadlyC.Ididn’tappreciatethem D.Iwishedtomeetthemsoon48.Peoplecan’timaginehowYiJiefangworkedthroughhersadnessafterherson’sdeath.A.hidhersadfeelings B.expressedhersadnessC.wasfilledwithsadness D.dealtwithhersadfeelings49.Shehadatendencytobreakthingswhennooneunderstoodher.A.wishedtobreakeverything B.waslikelytobreakthingsC.carefullychosethingstobreak D.feltabitbetterafterbreakingthings50.Heputhisfreehandonmyshoulderandsaid,“Son,you’vegotrealpotential.”A.youarefullydevoted B.youaredoingagreatjobC.youwillbesuccessful D.youshouldkeepyourpromise51.Sometimesbookauthorsareveryinvolvedintheprocessoffilmadaptation.Atakecontrolof B.paygreatattentiontoC.showmuchinterestin D.takeanactivepartin第二节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，用单词的恰当形式填空，并把完整单词填写在答题卷相应的位置上。52.MyEnglishteachermadehelpfulc________onmywriting.(根据首字母单词拼写)53.Thefinalresultofthepetitionwasa________officially.(根据首字母单词拼写)54.Hisproposalcontainedsomeerrors,andhewasaskedtor________it.(根据首字母单词拼写)55.Theye________thatthetotalcostforhistreatmentwillreach50,000yuan.(根据首字母单词拼写)56.Tolearnaboutbabies,theexpertsoftenstudyando________theirbehaviors.(根据首字母单词拼写)57.Thoughtenyearsold,thisbookishighly________(推荐)．(根据汉语提示单词拼写)58.I’vebeena________(忠实的)fanoftheprogramfortenyears.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)59.Thechildrenarein________(迫切的)needofloveandattention.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)60.Marywentdownstairsand________(闲逛)throughthegreatemptygardens.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)61.Ifyouneedtorescheduleyour________(预约),pleasegiveusatleast72hours’notice.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)第五部分书面表达（共40分）第一节句子翻译（共3小题；每小题5分，满分15分）将下列句子翻译成合适的英文。62.人们往往认为他们的智商决定他们在生活中表现如何。（汉译英）_______________________________________________________________________________________________63.教育能让我们深入了解我们需要什么样的态度去理解不同文化背景的人。（汉译英）_______________________________________________________________________________________________64.在线交流时，你永远无法百分百确定跟你聊天的人是否坦诚地表明了身份。（汉译英）_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二节应用文写作（满分25分）65.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jenny在校园歌手比赛中获得第六名，她给你发来比赛视频，询求你对她表演的建议。请你回复邮件，祝贺Jenny并提出建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJenny,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes,LiHua2023～2024学年下学期佛山市普通高中教学质量检测高二英语2024.7注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节听力理解（共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分）材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有三个小题，各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听第一段材料，回答第1～3题。材料和问题读两遍。1.Question1:(录音)A.DoingTaiChi.B.PracticingBaDuanJin.C.TakingaChineseclass.2.Question2:(录音)A.Playbasketball.B.Registerforaclass.C.Attendatabletennismatch.3.Question3:(录音)A.Interested.B.Confident.C.Hesitant.听第二段材料，回答第4～6题。材料和问题读两遍。4.Question4:(录音)A.ChineseArt.B.Design.C.Philosophy.5.Question5:(录音)A.Toinspiremorestudents.B.Toholdmoreartexhibitions.C.Tomixmodernwithtraditional.6.Question6:(录音)A.InBeijing.B.InShanghai.C.InChongqing.第二节回答问题（共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分）听下面一段材料，然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍，读完每个问题后你将有10秒钟的作答时间。7.Question7:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________8.Question8:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________9.Question9:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________10.Question10:(录音)Answer:_______________________________________第二部分阅读（共三节，满分40分）第一节阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInthe40yearsafterEdmundHilaryandTenzingNorgayfirstreachedthetopofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛)in1953,anaverageof12peopleayearfollowedintheirfootsteps.In2023,morethan1,200peopleattemptedtheclimb.Hightechequipmentandbetterunderstandingofthephysicalimpactofhighaltitudes(海拔)havebroughtnewhopefulstoEverest.ButWillCockrell,inhisnewbookEverest.Inc,arguesthattheprimaryreasonistheestablishmentofaprofessionalguidingindustry.TheguidingindustryexistsmainlybecauseofDickBass.Bass,whomadeafortuneinoil,boughthiswayontothreedifferentEverestexpeditions(探险)and,in1985,aged55,hebecameboththeoldestandleastexperiencedclimbertoreachthetop.Thesightofanordinarypersonontopoftheworldgeneratedtheestablishmentofpaniestomeetthenewdemandfortours.Theearlyyearsofguidedexpeditionsinthe1990sweresuccessful.In199295,around150peoplepaidtobeledupthemountain,andathirdsucceeded.Duringa1995expedition,astormstruck.Theguides,eagerfortheirclientstoreachthetop,delayedturningthemaround.Threeguidesandtwoclimbersdied.Oneoftheclimbers,JonKrakauer,criticizedthejudgmentoftheguidesandtheselfishnessofinexperiencedclimbersinhisbookIntoThinAir.Manybusinessesassumedthatthebookwoulddestroythem.However,interestinEverestskyrocketed.In2014,16guideswereburiedbyfallingicewhiletransportingclients’equipment.Then,in2015,anavalanche(雪崩)killedtenguidesandnineclients.Asaresult,manyWesternpanieslosttheirenthusiasmforEverest.Everest.Incendsonaconfusingnote.Morepeoplearereachingthetop,butmorearedyingontheway,too:18peoplediedin2023,thehighestevernumber.“Expertsknowmorethaneverabouthowtoguideclientstoclimbsafely.Butthatdoesnotmakeitasafeplace,”saidCockrell.1.WhatcontributestotherisingpopularityofEverestclimbingaccordingtoCockrell?A.Theappearanceofgrouptourism.B.Theunderstandingofthemountain.C.Thestudyonhumanphysicalabilities.D.Thedevelopmentoftheguidingindustry.2.WhatdoweknowaboutDickBass’ssuccessinreachingthetopofEverest?A.Itenabledhimtomakeafortune.B.Itboosteddemandforguidedtours.C.Itprovedthelimitsofthehumanbody.D.Itmarkedthestartofnatureexpeditions.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyaboutconcerningguidedexpeditions?A.Theinitialsuccess. B.Thepubliccriticism.C.Theclimbingaccidents. D.Thephysicalchallenges.4Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Everest,Inc:AGuidetoEverestExpeditionB.ReachingtheTop:OpportunitiesandChallengesC.UpsandDowns:TheStoryofExpeditionPioneersD.ClimbingEverest:IncreasingPopularityandDeaths【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着越来越多的人攀登珠穆朗玛峰，也有越来越多的人死于途中。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ButWillCockrell,inhisnewbookEverest.Inc,arguesthattheprimaryreasonistheestablishmentofaprofessionalguidingindustry.(但是WillCockrell在他的新书《珠穆朗玛峰公司》中认为其主要原因是专业向导行业的崛起。)”可知，WillCockrell认为攀登珠穆朗玛峰热度上升的原因是专业向导行业的兴起。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thesightofanordinarypersonontopoftheworldgeneratedtheestablishmentofpaniestomeetthenewdemandfortours.(一个普通人登上世界之巅的景象催生了公司的成立，以满足新的旅游需求。)”可知，DickBass成功登顶促进了导游旅行的需求。故选B。【3题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“Theearlyyearsofguidedexpeditionsinthe1990sweresuccessful.(20世纪90年代早期的向导探险是成功的。)”以及下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了早期向导探险的成功。故选A。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Morepeoplearereachingthetop,butmorearedyingontheway,too(越来越多的人登上顶峰，但也有更多的人在途中死亡)”可知，本文主要讲述了攀登珠穆朗玛峰热度的兴起以及攀登途中造成的死亡事件，所以D项“攀登珠穆朗玛峰：人气上升和死亡人数增加”最适合作本文标题。故选D。BFeelingburnedoutandlookingforreasonstoworkless?Anewstudyshowsthatworkingnightsandvolatile(不稳定的)schedulesinyoungadulthoodcanleaveyoutosufferfromdepressionandpoorhealthinmiddleage.Theresearchexaminedtheworkschedulesandsleeppatternsofmorethan7,000Americansoverthreedecades,fromtheagesof22through50.Tothesurpriseofthestudy’sauthor,NewYorkUniversityprofessorWenJuiHan,onlyonequarteroftheparticipantsworkedtraditionaldaytimehours.Theremainderworkedvariablehours.Thosewithvolatileworkschedulesreportedagreaterlikelihoodofpoorhealthanddepressionatage50thanthosewithmorestableschedules.“Ourworknowismakingussickandpoor,”Hansaidinaninterview.“Workissupposedtoallowustoacquireresources.But,foralotofpeople,theirworkdoesn’tallowthemtodoso.Theyactuallybeemoreandmoremiserable(悲惨的)overtime.”Dr.AlysonMyers,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,appreciatedthenewstudy’sfocusontheconnectionbetweenworkschedules,sleepandpoorhealth.Thestudyfindingsconfirmedwhatsheseesinmanyofherdiabetes(糖尿病)patients,whooftengetnomorethanfivehoursofsleepaftertheyworknightshifts.ManyoftheparticipantsinHan’sstudywhohadvolatileworkschedulestendedtohaveparttimejobs,insomecasesmultipleparttimejobs.“Unfortunately,”Myerssaid,“thetrendforalotofthesepeopleisthattheyhavetoworkmorethanonejobtosurvive.”Hanwouldlikeherresearchtopromoteconversationsaboutwaysofprovidingresourcestohelppeopleliveahappyandhealthylifewhenthey’redogtiredbothphysicallyandemotionallybecauseoftheirwork.5.WhatdoesHan’sstudymainlytellus?A.Thesignificanceofahealthylifestyle.B.Therisingtrendofworkingvariablehours.C.Thelongtermeffectsofunstableworkschedules.D.Somepracticalapproachestodealingwithdepression.6.WhatisMyers’sattitudetopeoplewithvolatileworkschedules?A.Understanding. B.Unconcerned. C.Doubtful. D.Critical.7.WhatisHan’sexpectationofherresearch?A.Toprovideresourcesforthepoor.B.Tohelpimprovepeople’swellbeing.C.Toraiseawarenessofhealthylifestyles.D.Toinitiatedialoguesbetweenemployees.【答案】5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，表明在年轻的时候上夜班和不稳定的时间表到中年时会患上抑郁症且健康状况不佳。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anewstudyshowsthatworkingnightsandvolatile(不稳定的)schedulesinyoungadulthoodcanleaveyouto