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学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载20XX年高三英语一轮复习名师语法讲座状语从句专项精讲精练基本用法:状语从句在句中只做状语,可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导,位置可放在句首或句末。放在句首时,从句后面常用逗号;放在句末时,从句前往往不用逗号。状语从句根据含义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、等八种。状语从句的考查主要在从属连词、时态和语序上。从属连词的选择主要从连词的意义入手;时态主要从一致性和先后关系考虑;语序是陈述句的语序。一、时间状语从句常用以下连词:when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,themoment,etc.

1.when引导的从句:从句的动作可以和主句的动作同时进行,也可以先于或后于主句的动作发生。

Eg.IwasgoingoutwhenLiHuacame.

Whenitrains,Igotoschoolbybus.

Theycontinuedtheirwaywhenthestormhadpassed.

ThetrainhadleftwhenIgottothestation.

Ishalltellherthenewswhenshecomes.

2.as引导的从句:从句的动作可以和主句的动作同时进行。

Asthestudentswalkedalongtheriver,theysanghappily.

3.while引导的从句:强调某一段时间主句和从句的动作在同一时期进行。

KeepaneyeonmybabywhileI’mbusy.

While有时表示对比,

Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilehewaslisteningtotheradio.

4.before引导的从句:表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

Ididn’tknowanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.

Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemyparentscamehere.

5.after引导的从句:表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

Afterheclosedthedoor,heleft.

Afterhehadfinishedschoolhewenttotheuniversity.

6.since引导的从句:从句一般表示动作的起点,用过去时。主句表示动作的延续的情况,一般用现在完成时。如果主句表示的不是延续的动作而是表示目前的状态,可用一般现在时。

Sinceheenteredtheuniversity,hehasmadegreatprogressinmathsstudies.

Itis20yearssinceshejoinedtheparty.

7.till/until引导的从句:1)表示“直到”,主句和从句都用肯定式;2)表示“直到…才…”,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式。

Eg.Theyworkedtillitwasdark..

Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadreviewedherlessons.

8.assoonas引导的从句:主句和从句一般都用过去时;当主句的时态是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

Eg.HebegantoreadEnglishassoonashecametotheclassroom.

Hewillwritetomeassoonashearrivesthere.

二、原因状语从句

常由because,since,as引导.

Eg.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(表示直接的因果关系)

Astheweatherwasfine,wedecidedtogoonatrip.(表示明显的原因)

Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.

(表示附带的原因)三、地点状语从句:

常由where,wherever引导.

Eg.I’llgowherethelivingconditionsaredifficult.

Whereveryouare,youshouldworkhard.

Makemarkswhereyoudon’tunderstand.

四、条件状语从句:常有if,unless,so/aslongas,once等连接词或连接词组引导

Eg.

I’llgototheGreatWalltomorrow,wouldyouliketogowithme?

Ishallgounlessitrains.Youmayusethebookaslongasyoureturnitontime.

五、比较或方式状语从句:常由as…as…,than,themore…themore…,as,asif等引导.

Eg.I’mastallasyou,butyouarestrongerthanI.

Themoreyoupractise,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.

WeshouldstudyashardasLeninstudied.

Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.

六、目的状语从句:常由sothat,that,inorderthat引导.

Eg.Hesetoutearly(so)thathecouldcatchthefirstbus.

Shetakesnotescarefullyinclasssothatshemayusethemwhenshereviewsherlessons.

七、结果状语从句:常由sothat,so…that…,such…that…等词引导.

Eg.Thestudentsdidtheexercisessowellthattheteacherpraisedtheminclass.

Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.

Hegotupearlysothathecaughtthefirstbus.

八、让步状语从句常由though,although,evenif.however,whatever,nomatterhow/who等词引导.

Eg.Althoughtheydidheavyworkthatday,theywereallinhighspirits.

Shecarriedonthejobevenifshehashadabadcoldforseveraldaysnow.

HowevermuchItried,Ifailedtoworkoutthemathsproblem.状语从句的特殊连词状语从句是高考中从句考查的热点。引导状语从句除用常规连词以外,我们还常见到一些表现形态特殊的连词,这类连词可分为以下六种:一、名词型连词表时间的有themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecond(一……就……)every/eachtime(每当,每次),nexttime(下次),thelasttime(上次),thefirsttime(第一次);表达方式和条件的有theway(按照,像,如果照这样……下去);表让步的有nomatter…(无论)等.

Eg.Themomentheenteredtheroom,Billfixedthechainacrossthedoor.

Youmustdotheway(=as)yourteachersteachyou.

Theway(=if)youarestudyingnow,you’llmakemuchprogress.

Nomatterhow(=However)badlytheyhadsleptshewasalwaysupearly.

二、副词型连词

instantly,immediately/directly(一…就…),其语气依次由强到弱;nowthat(既然);everywhere(每一的地方)和wherever意思接近;once(一旦)等.

Eg.Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelyheheardthenoise.

Nowthattheycouldridehorses,itbecameeasiertohuntthebison.

EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.

对比以下句子:Ihavelookedformypeneverywhere.(adv.)

Shewenttoseehimimmediatelyaftershegottheletter.(adv.)

一.分词型连词这类分词失去了日常分词作状语时应考虑的句子主语的逻辑关系,完全成了连词,主要表示条件、原因和让步关系,有providing,provided(多用于正式文体)(that)(假如,只要),supposing(用于问句),suppose(that)(假如),seeing(that)(既然),considering(that)(考虑到,因为),granting/granted(that)(即使)等。

Eg.Shewillgoprovidedherfriendscangoalso.

Supposing/Supposeshedoesn’tcome,whatshallwedo?

Seeingquiteafewcomradeswereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.

Consideringthey’rejustbeginners,they’redoingquiteagoodjob.

二.介词+名词型连词

onconditionthat(条件是),incase(如果;以防)inorderthat(为了,以便),forfearthat(以防),bythetime(到…时),inspiteofthefactthat/inspitethat(尽管),inviewofthefact(鉴于)等。

Eg.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.

Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.

Hespokeloudlyinorderthateverybodycouldhearhim.

Shutthedoorforfearthatitwillrain.

对比以下用法:

Shutthedoorforfearofrain.

Incaseoffire,ringthebell.

三.呼应型连词这类连词由两部分构成,前后呼应,有以下几种:

1.表示时间的nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when…(一…就…)

Eg.Hehadhardlygonetobedwhenthedoorbellrang.

Nosoonerhadhereachedthestationthanthetrainleft.

2.表示结果的so/such…that…(如此…以致于…)

Eg.Itissuchagoodbookthatnobodydoesn’twanttogetit.

Sofastdidhewalkthatnoneofuswashisequal.

3.表示比较的as…as…(和……一样),notas/so…as(不如)。

Eg.Jackdoesn’tworkashardasJim.

4.表示让步的whether…or…(无论…还是…)

Eg.Whetherhedrivesorflies,he’llbehereontime.

四.As…as…惯用型连词

这类连词有:asfaras(就……而言,尽……所能,只要),solongas(只要),assoonas(一…就…)等。遇到这类结构要注意区分是固定连词,还是as..as…比较结构.

Eg.IwillhelpyouasfarasIcan.

Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceedsoonerorlater.

Couldyouringmeupassoonashearrives?常见考点:

考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题;

考点二、连接词的选择(注意区别几组连接词:while/as/when引导时间状语从句;because/since/as/for引导原因状语从句;if/unless引导条件状语从句;so…that/such…that引导结果状语从句等);

考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换;

考点四、状语从句的倒装结构(hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than等)

Canyouseeasfarasthefootofthehill?20XX年高三英语一轮复习主谓一致专项精讲精练基本用法及常见考点

在英语中,句中谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致,主要遵循以下三个原则:

㈠语法一致原则

主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。

JaneandMarylookhealthyandstrong.

Helikesreadingstories.

Someofthefurniturehasbeenmovedtoanotherroom.

㈡意义一致原则

Herfamilyareallearlyrisers.

Theoldaretakengoodcareofinourmotherland.

㈢就近一致原则

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherdoesn’tknowaboutit.

Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.下面就从名词做主语、代词做主语、数词量词做主语等四个方面进行详细分析。

I.名词作主语:

1.集体名词做主语

1)有些集体名词(如:family,class,crowd,crew,enemy,team,public,government,club,army,group等)作主语,如果视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数。

Myfamilyisabigone..(整体)

ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.(具体成员)

Thevillageisnotfarfromhere.(整体).Thewholevillageareoutgreetinghim.(具体成员)

2)有些集体名词(如:people,police,cattle,folk,mankind)只当复数看待,谓语动词用复数。

Thepolicearesearchingforhim.

Cattleareonecauseoftheproblem.

3)有些无生命的集体名词(如:jewellery,poetry,equipment,clothing等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Muchofherjewellrywasmissing.

Theequipmentofthelabiscarriedbytwotrucks.

注意:population用法Thepopulationinourcountryisverylargeandeightypercentofthepopulationarefarmers.

2.表示时间、金额、度量、距离等复数名词作主语时,作整体看待,谓语动词用单数。

Threeyearshaspassed.

Tenthousanddollarsisnotenough.

3.国名、书报名、剧名、山水名、城市名、学科等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。山脉(theHimalayas)、群岛(thePhilippines)、瀑布(theNigaraFalls)等名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.

Mathsseemstobedifficultforme.

TheSelectedPoemsofLiBaiwaspublishedlongago.

WalesliestothewestofEngland.

ThePhilippineslietothesoutheastofChina.(群岛)

4.一些由两个部份构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语常用复数形式,如:clothes,trousers,shoes,shorts,glasses,goods,chopstics(筷子)等,但由apairof,akindof,aseriesof等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数。

Hertrousersarebeautifulindeed.

Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.

5.单复数同形的名词(如:means,works,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等),作单数时,谓语用单数;反之谓语用复数。

TheglassworkswasrebuiltinJuly,1979.

The(These)glassworksareneartherailwaystation.

它们前面有a,sucha,this,that,every等修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数。Means,nomeans,themeans前无修饰词时,谓语单复数均可。

Everymeanshasbeentried.(每一种办法)

Allmeanshavebeentried.(所有办法)

Thereis(are)nomeansofgettingthere.

6.不定代词each,every,no修饰的名词,即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语,谓语的动词仍然用单数形式。

Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinthefuture.

7.主语由morethanone…或manya…构成,意义复数,谓语动词却用单数。

Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm“Titanic”.

Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.

但“more+名词复数+thanone”作主语,谓语动词一般用复数形式。

Moreyoungteacthersthanoneareagainstthisplan。

8.thenumberof,a/the/thispair(kind,type)of,either/neitherof+名词复数作主语,谓语动词用单数

Iseitherofyourparentsanengineer?

Thereisapairofshoesleftontheshelf.

Thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;thiskindofmen=menofthiskind,但前者谓语用单数,后者谓语用复数。

Thiskindofmenisdangerous.

Menofthiskindaredangerous.

9.主语+aswellas(asmuchas,nolessthan,with,alongwith,togetherwith,ratherthan,like,but,except,besides,including)时,其谓语单复数与主语保持一致。

Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.

Nothingbutstampsandenvelopesisforsale.

10.由and,both…and连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数。

Plasticsandrubberneverrot.

Bothmyfatherandmysisterarewriters.

但并列主语表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念,谓语动词用单数。

Thepoetandwriterisgone.

Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabbit.

Aknifeandforkisonthetable.

Breadandbutterisservedforthebreakfast.

Noclothesandnofoodisdifficulttolive.

11.名词所有格之后名词被省略的情况下,动词一般用单数。

Mysister”sisnotfarfromhere.

12.由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but等连接的并列主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则。

Nothisbrothersbuthewantstopayyouavisit.

Neitherwenorsheknowsthestranger.

Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.

therebe/herebe结构类似

Thereisanoldwritingdesk,awoodenbedandtwochairsinhisbedroom.

Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.

13.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.

Thereliesabeautifulsmalltownatthefootofthehill.II.代词作主语

1.名词型物主代词后的动词,根据所替代的内容决定谓语单复数形式。

Ours(OurParty)isagreatparty.

Yourshoesareblackandminearebrown.

2.Such+be+主语

Suchisourplan.

Sucharehiswords.

3.定语从句中关系代词后的谓语形式要同被修饰的代词保持一致。。

Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.

BobisoneofmyfriendswhoarehelpingmewithEnglish.

Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheballhere.

I,whoamwrong,shouldapologizetohim.

4.疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,视情况而定。

Wholivesnextdoor?

ItisXiaoLin.

Wholivenextdoor?

ZhangandLiu.

Whichis(are)yourbook(s)?

5.every-,some-,any-,no-,

等构成的不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

Everybodyobeystherules.

I’lltellyopusomethingthatsoundsinteresting.

any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主语时,谓语动词有两种情况:

★单独作主语

Allhasbeenchanged.

Allarepresent

either,neither单独作主语,谓语用单数。

★后接of短语,of后宾语为不可数名词,动词当然用单数形式,of后宾语为复数名词或代词,动词单复数均可。

Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress?

Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.

Allofthewaterisgone.

each单独作主语,动词用单数。

Eachofthestudentshasadictionary.

cf.Theboyandthegirleachhavetheirowntoys.III.数词、量词等作主语

1.half,themajority,therest,some,most,(a)part,alot,lots,plenty,alargequantity,masses以及分数、百分数+of+

名词/代词作主语,视情况而定。

Halfoftheworkisleftunfinished.

Halfoftheapplesaregiventothechildren.

Morethan70percentofthesurfaceofourearthiscoveredbywater.

但qunatitiesof…作主语,谓语动词一般用复数。

Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable..

2.a

(great)numberof,many,afew+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数;

alittle,much,agreatdealof,+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。

Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountryside.

Agreatdealofwasteispouredstraightintotheriver.

3.oneandahalf+复数名词,谓语动词用单数。

Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.

IV.其它作主语

1.the+形容词/过去分词表示一类人,喂语用复数,如:theblind,thepoor,therich,thebreave,thedead,thewounded,theemployed,theChinese…

TheblindinChinastudyinspecialschool;s.

表示抽象概念用单数。

Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthebeautiful.

3.从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。

Whetherweshallgotherehasn’tbeendecided.

Whatweneedismoretime.

Whatweneedaredoctors.

Whathesaidandwhathedidhavegreatlyencouragedhisbrother.

4.不定式、动名词作主语

Noddingtheheadmeansagreement,whileshakingitmeansdisagreement.

Tocatchwhathehadsaidwasdifficult,buttosayitandtodoitaredifferentthings.高考题链接及能力拓展练习题

1.----Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?

-----No,theteacheraswellasthestudents

totheplayground.

A.go

B.went

C.has

D.gone

2.Mr.Clinton,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter,

goingtoJapannextweek.

A.are

B.is

C.willbe

D.wouldbe

3.----Haveyouheardaboutthenewschool?

-----No,whenandwheretobuildthenewone

yet.

A.isnotdecided

B.aren’tdecided

C.hasn’tdecided

D.haven’tbeendecided

4.Nottheteacherbutthestudents

excited.

A.is

B.has

C.are

D.have

5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,

animportantpartindailycommunication.

A.isplaying

B.haveplayed

C.areplaying

D.play

6.Booksofthiskind

well.

A.sell

B.sells

C.aresold

D.issold

7.Thenumberoftheteachersinthisarea

.

A.areincreasingB.havebeenincreased

C.islargerthanbefore

D.ismorethanbefore

8.Therequartersoftheland

coveredwithgreengrasswhiletherest

coveredwithpinetrees.

A.is,is

B.is,are

C.are,is

D.are,are

9.Threefifthsofthecattle

soldabroadinthecity.

A.has

B.hasbeen

C.have

D.have

been

10.Thebreadandbutter

tothetwoboys.

A.isoffered

B.areoffered

C.offers

D.offer

11.Hisclass

unabletoagreeonamonitorsofar.

A.are

B.hasbeen

C.is

D.havebeen

12.Theworkerandpoet

tothepartytheotherday.

A.isinvited

B.wasinvited

C.hadinvited

D.invited

13.NobodybutSanandMike

inthelab.

A.hadbeen

B.is

C.were

D.are

14.There

adriverandanumberofbrokenwinebottlesbesidethehighwaywhenthepolicearrived.

A.were

B.was

C.hadbeen

D.wouldbe

15.ItwasMikeandPeterwho

thereading-roomthistimeyesterday.

A.wascleaning

B.werecleaning

C.cleaned

D.hadcleaned

16.Mytrousers

beingwashed.What’sworse,thispairoftrousersboughtyesterday

tooshortforme.

A.are,is

B.is,is

C.is,are

D.are,are

17.Everyboyandeverygirl

toattendthemeetingparty.

A.wish

B.wishes

C.islike

D.like

18.ThepopulationofChina

largerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.

A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have

19.Everymeans

triedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeen

B.istobe

C.aretobe

D.hasbeen

20.Halfofthefruit

bad.

A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have

21.Cattle______onthehillside.

A.grazes

B.isgrazing

C.wasgrazing

D.weregrazing

22.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.hasbeen

23.Measles______akindofinfectiousillness.

A.is

B.are

C.were

D.havebeen

24.ThePhilippines______tothesouth-eastofChina.

A.lies

B.lie

C.lay

D.lays

25.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.

A.is

B.am

C.are

D.was

26.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.

A.isgoing

B.aregoing

C.hasbeengoing

D.havebeengoing

27.Whatcausedtheaccident______ontheroad.

A.werestone

B.werestones

C.wasstone

D.wasstones

28.Wiskyandsoda______

hisfavoritedrink.

A.is

B.are

C.were

Dhavebeen

29.______istoattendourevening.

A.boththesingerandthedancer

B.Eitherthesingerordancers

C.Thesingerordancers

D.Thesingeranddancer

30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.

A.had

B.hasbeenhaving

C.arehaving

D.werehaving

31.Nooneexcepttwostudents______themeeting.

A.hasbeenlatefor

B.havebeenlatefor

Cwaslatefor

D.werelaterfor

32.Allbuthimandme______totheexhibition.

A.amgoing

B.isgoing

C.aregoing

D.wasgoing

33.Interest,aswellasprospects,______importantwhenonelooksforajob.

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

34.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisassistants,______.

A.havearrived

B.arearriving

C.hadarrived

D.hasarrived

35.Anumberofcars______infrontofthepark

A.isparked

B.wasparked

C.areparked

D.hasparked

36.thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking______amazing.

A.is

B.are

C.were

D.havebeen

37.Themajorityofdoctors______smokingisharmfultohealth.

A.arebelieved

B.hadbelieved

C.hasbelieved

D.believe

38.Themajorityofthedamage______easytorepair.

A.is

B.are

C.were

D.be

39.Four-fifthsofthecrop______.

A.areruined

B.wasruined

C.wereruined

D.havebeenruined

40.Three-fourthsofthebuildings______.

A.wasdestroyed

B.isdestroyed

C.weredestroyed

D.hasbeendestroyed

41.Earlytobedandearlytorise______amanhealthy,happyandwise.

A.making

B.tomake

C.make

D.makes

42.Mathematics______thelanguageofscience.

Ais

B.hasbeen

C.are

D.havebeen

43.Theyoung______thevitalforcesinoursociety.

A.is

B.hasbeen

C.are

D.havebeen

44.Every

man,womanandchild______somehistory,enoughatleast,tosurviveintheworld.

A.knows

B.know

Cc.isknown

D.areknown

45.Noneofthem______myfriends.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.hasbeen

46.Notonlythewholenation,butthewholeEurope,indeedthewholehumansociety______toalteritsattitudetoracialproblems.

A.need

B.needs

C.hasaneed

D.haveaneed

47.Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon_____manyproblems.

A.involve

B.involves

Cc.involving

D.toinvolve

48.Inthatcountry,therich______richer,thepoor,poorer.

A.become

B.

hasbecome

C.becomes

D.isbecoming

49.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan______becauseitisextremelydifficult.

A.hasbeenputin

B.havebeenputin

C.beingputin

D.tobeputin

50.Notoneinonehundredchildrenexposedtothedisease______likelytodevelopit.

A.shouldbe

B.mustbe

C.is

D.are诊断性练习:1-5CAADC6-10CBADB11-15CDBCC16-20BABDC

能力拓展1-5CBACA6-10ACADA11-15DBBBB16-20ABADC21-25DBAAC

26-30ADADD31-35CCCDC36-40ADABC41-45DDCAB46-50BBAAC20XX年高三英语一轮复习虚拟语气专项精讲精练基本用法及常见考点一.语气的定义和种类

1语气(mood)

语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2语气的种类

a.陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:

Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每个问题都有两个方面。

Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?

Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老师啊!

b.祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如:

Neverbelateagain!再也不要迟到了。

Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.别忘了关灯。

c.虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:

IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。

Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!二.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。

条件从句有两类,一是真实条件句,另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如:

Iftimepermits,we’llgofishingtogether.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。

如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:

Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授)。

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气,现将其形式列表如下:

动词形式时间从句主句

与现在事实相反动词过去式(be的过去式用were)would(could/should/might)+动词原形

与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would(could/should/might)+have过去分词

与将来事实可能相反动词过去式

should+动词原形

wereto+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形

注:主句中的should只用于第一人称,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称。

1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如:

IfIwereyou,Ishould(would,could,might)tellhimthetruth.要是我是你,我就会告诉他真相了。(事实上我不是你)

Ifshehadtime,shewould(could,might)helpme.如果她有时间,她就会帮我了。(事实上她没有时间)

2表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如:

IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Ishould(would,could,might)havetelephonedyou.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码,我就会给你打电话了。(事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。)

Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’t(couldn’t)havefailedintheexam.如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的。)

3表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如:

Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould(could,might)besaved.假如天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了。

---WhatwouldhappenifIputthepaperonthefire?

---Itwouldburn.

---我若把只放在火上会怎么样?

---纸会烧着。

注:在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中,wereto+动词原形比较正式,常用于书面语中。如:

IfyouweretogotoBeijing,youwould(could,might)haveachancetovisitTianAnMenSquare.

三.虚拟语气的其它用法。

1虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。

在“Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)that…”这类句型中,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构,表示某事是“重要”,“奇怪”,“自然”,“必要”等意义。如:

ItisimportantthateveryBeijinger(should)beabletospeakEnglish.重要的是每个北京人能说英语。

Itisnecessarythathe(should)besenttohospitalatonce.有必要马上把他送医院。

2虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。

(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。

a.表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were)表示。如:

IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.

我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(只是愿望,实际根本不可能实现。)

b.表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词用had+过去分词。如:

Iwish(that)Ihadn’twastedsomuchtime.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(实际上已经

浪费掉了。)

Hewishes(wished)hehadn’tlostthechance.他真希望没有失去机会。(事实上机会已经失去了,他感到惋惜。)

c.表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would/should/could/might+动词原形”,此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外)。如:

Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止。

Iwishyouwouldbequiet.我希望你安静一些。

(2)在suggest(建议),demand(要求),order(命令),propose(建议),insist(坚持要做),command(命令),request(要求),desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”,表示建议,要求,命令等。如:

Isuggestthatwe(should)startthemeetingatonce.我建议马上开会。

Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。

注:当suggest表示暗示,主语为something;insist表示坚持观点时,后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较:

Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。

HesuggestedthatI(should)sticktomydecision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。

Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。

Heinsiststhathe(should)domorningexerciseseveryday.他坚持他每天都要早操。

3虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法。

当主语为advice,suggestion,order,proposal等词时后接表语从句,表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构,表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。如:

MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。

Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。4.特殊的虚拟语气结构。

(1)虚拟语气用在状语从句中

由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式(be→were)或had+过去分词。如:

Theteachertreatsthestudentasifhewereherownchild.这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。

HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。

(2)在Itistime(that)…;I’drather(that)…句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气,意思是“该干某事了,时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望”。如:

Itistimethatwedidsomethingtostoppollution.该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。

ItistimethatFatherpickedupLilyfromthekindergarten.该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。

I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我真希望你告诉我真相。

I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我宁愿不再见着你。

(3)虚拟语气用在简单句中

a情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如:

Wouldyoubekindenoughtoshowmethewaytothepostoffice?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?

Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

b在一些习惯表达中。如:

You’dbettersetoffnow.你最好现在就出发。

I’drathernottellyouthesecret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

c用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如:

Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好运!

Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐!

Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就!

用动词原形。例如:

Longlivethepeople!人民万岁!

“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”

5.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法

在名词advice,suggestion,order,proposal等后接的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,起形式为“(should)+动词原形”,说明“建议”,“劝告”,“命令”等的具体内容。如:

Theordercamethattheworkshouldbefinishedtwodaysaheadoftime.提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。

Reluctantlysheacceptedtheirproposalthatsheshouldbeoperatedon.她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。

虚拟语气的几种特殊情况

(一)主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句)

有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如:

Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话,现在就能完成这份工作了。(从句说明过去,主句说明现在。)

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在,主句说明过去。)

Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我,我不可能买下这幢新房,很可能现在还住在危房里。(从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在。)

(二)含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况;

1.

条件暗含在短语中。如:

(1)WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?

如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中)

(2)Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.

这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中)

(3)Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.

同样的事,如发生在战时,就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中)

(4)Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.

如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是butforyourhelp)

(5)Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus,orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast.

他一定是力大如河马,否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)

(6)Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.

如是单独一人,他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)

2.

条件暗含在上下文中。如:

(7)Youmightstayherforever.

你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)

(8)Wewouldhavesucceeded.

我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)

(9)Yourreputationwouldberuined.

你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)

(10)Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.

谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)

3.

在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。如:

(11)Youwouldn’tknow.

你不会知道。

(12)Iwouldliketocome.

我愿意来。

(13)Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.这是我做梦也不会想到的。

(14)Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.

他将那事讲的非常仔细,简直就象他亲眼看见一样。三)条件从句中省去if的情况

在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,常可以省略if,将had,were或should提至句首。如:

HadIseenthefilm,Iwouldhavediscusseditwiththemlastnight.

假如我看了那部电影,昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。

WereIabird,Icouldflyfreely.

假如我是一只小鸟,我就能自由翱翔。

Shoulditrainnextweekthefarmerswouldhaveagoodharvest.

要是下周能下雨的话,农民们就能有个好收成了。高考题链接及能力拓展练习

1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting

putoff.

A.notbe

B.shouldnot

C.

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