全国统考2025届高考英语一轮复习模块三千变万化的动词第5讲非谓语动词讲义教案

PAGE第5讲非谓语动词Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2024·全国Ⅰ卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4tofind(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.(2024·全国Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearthcoming(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.3.(2024·全国Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecorated(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.4.(2024·全国Ⅱ卷)Theyareeasytocare(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

5.(2024·全国Ⅲ卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.6.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged(challenge).7.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsareexpensivetoperform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.Ⅰ.语法填空四谨记1.巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区分(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,且正在进行,要想到用现在分词形式(doing);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,且表完成,要想到用过去分词形式(done);(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作,作状语表示目的,在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作缘由或意料之外的结果等,要想到用不定式形式(todo)。2.驾驭非谓语动词的句型公式It’s+形容词+(for/ofsb.+)todosth.;It’snogood/use/pleasuredoingsth.;find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+todosth.。3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句,必须要有谓语,一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词,则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一样等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词,而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时,则所给动词肯定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词须要确定是-ing形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式。Ⅱ.短文改错1.(2024·全国Ⅰ卷)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.(frying→fried)2.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.(manage→managing)3.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.(say→saying)4.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)NomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnotletme.(watching→watch)5.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.(sell→selling)Ⅱ.短文改错二定法1.“五”检查识别非谓语动词错误(1)检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确;(2)检查作主语和宾语的非谓语动词形式是否合适;(3)检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一样;(4)检查分词作状语是主动还是被动;(5)检查是否该有不定式符号to。2.重点关注-ing,-ed形容词区分(1)在英语中,有许多以-ing和-ed结尾的词,可以用作名词修饰语,构成形容词。一般而言,由-ing转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义,由-ed转化来的形容词则带有被动意义。(2)动词的-ed形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思;而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以担当句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。非谓语动词的时态语态一览表类别时态形式语态形式主动被动动词不定式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendonev.-ing一般式完成式doingbeingdone过去分词一般式done—1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。※IgotalettersayingthatIwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.※Thebridgetobebuiltwillbethelongestoneonthisriver.2.时间先后关系依据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。※Hearingtheinspiringnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.※IseemtohaveinvolvedmyselfinsomethingIdon’tunderstand.【小题快练】单句语法填空①Thosewhobreakthelawwillnotescapebeingpunished(punish).

②Seeing(see)theplatoonleaderreturning,everybodyrusheduptomeethim.③Havingplayed(play)allday,youmustbethirsty.④Heissaidtohavestudied(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.非谓语动词作主语、表语1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示详细的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。※Listeningtomusicismysister’shobby.※Todothisistocutthefoottofittheshoe.(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.;It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.等。※ItwasnousepretendingthatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.※Itisnogoodtryingthatmethod,becauseitwon’twork.※Itisimportantforustomeetpersonallyalthoughwehavebeenintouchinvariousways.2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。留意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。※TheaimofthefestivalistoincreaseawarenessofHinducultureandtraditions.※Atfirstshewasterrified,thenshepulledherselftogether.※Themostterrifyingaspectofnuclearbombingisradiation.【小题快练】单句语法填空①Hetoldmewhathadhappenedinafrightened(frighten)voice.②Itisimportantforustoget(get)intocontactwiththemassoonaspossible.③Gettingtired(tire)ofTom’sall-talk-no-actionattitude,Juliadecidedtodothejoballbyherself.非谓语动词作宾语1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:agree,intend/plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等。3.既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语:remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,mean,start,begin,try等。如:※Doyourememberbeingintroducedtoourpresidentwhenyouvisitedourschoollastmonth?※Iregrettoinformyouhediedasaconsequenceofhisinjuries.4.不定式作decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等动词或动词短语的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等。※Thefatherwonderedhowtoanswerhisson’squestion.5.need,require,want作“须要”讲,deserve作“应受,应得”讲时,其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义或不定式的被动结构。※Thisworkneedsdoing/tobedonecarefully.※Theboyrichlydeservedpunishing.6.固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth.+but/except(to)dosth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do,but后则无to,反之则有to的原则。※Ihavenothingbutpraiseforthepolice.※Ihavealotofhomeworkeveryday,andIhavenochoicebuttodoit.【小题快练】单句语法填空①Heissoillthathedoesn’tfeellikeeating(eat)anything.②Ipretendedtobe(be)asleepbutinfactIwasawake.

③Iregrettoinform(inform)youthatIcannotattendthemeetingonFriday.

④Itriedtostand(stand)up,butIwascompletelyexhausted.

⑤Bytheendofclass,sheunderstoodhowtoget(get)themright.⑥Icoulddonothingbutjoin(join)himafterIhesitatedforafewhours.非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。※IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedby.※Ididn’tnoticehimgetonthesamebus.2.热点动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。※Theteacherhadusmakeupconversationsduringclasses.※Theteachergotthestudentstolookupallthewordstheydidn’tknow.3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。※Thepoliceexaminedthecarsandallowedthemtogoahead.4.with/without复合结构常用形式:※Withalltheworkfinished,theywentouttoplay.※Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.※Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.【小题快练】单句语法填空①Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke(smoke).②Don’tletyourchildrenplay(play)withmatches.③Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(lock).④Apolicemansawtwothievesstealing(steal)agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.⑤Withsomanypeopletohelp(help)us,wearesuretofinishitintime.非谓语动词作定语一、动词不定式作定语1.动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。※Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.(主谓关系)※Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.(动宾关系)【点津】动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。试比较:※Doyouhaveanythingtobuy?(动作的执行者是“你”)※Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)2.当名词或代词被序数词,形容词最高级,thelast,theonly等修饰,且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。※Thebestplacetocatchfishonacanalisclosetoalock.3.当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability,chance,idea,attempt,plan,way,opportunity等。※Weshoulddevelopthestudents’abilitytosolveproblems.【点津】在作定语的动词不定式中,假如其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是假如被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。※Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?※Theshoppingmallisagoodplacetogo.二、动词-ing形式作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用动词-ing形式。※Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.【点津】被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用动词-ing形式的被动形式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。※Thehousebeingbuiltovertherewillbeournewlibrary.三、动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。※ThebookwrittenbyMoyanisverypopular.【点津】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing表示正在进行;done表示已经完成。boilingwater正在沸腾的水boiledwater开水【小题快练】单句语法填空①Theproblemdiscussed(discuss)atthemeetingroomyesterdaywasinvain.②Themeetingtobeheld(hold)nextweekisabouthowwecandealwiththisproblem.③Theboycrying(cry)overthereismyyoungerbrother.④Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytoprotect(protect)thewildanimals?

⑤Doyouhaveanythingtosay(say)foryourself?

⑥Doyouhavetheabilitytoread(read)andwriteEnglish.非谓语动词作状语1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、缘由等。(1)作目的状语,有时用inorderto或soasto,但soasto不用于句首。※(2024·江苏高考)Toenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.※Inordertocatchthetrain,shehurriedthroughherwork.(2)作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enoughto,so/such...to,too...to...,onlyto等。※You’reoldenoughtotravelonthetrainbyyourself.※Hewassofoolishastoleavehiscarunlocked.(3)作缘由状语,此时常与表示情感的形容词连用,如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。※Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedinperfectorder.【点津】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。※Thematerialsaresoftandcomfortabletowear.2.动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语,常表缘由、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。※Wehearofwomenwhorunaway,leavingbehindtheirhomesandfamilies.※(2024·天津高考)Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeetclappingfor10minutesattheendoftheshow.【点津】动词不定式作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。※Hurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.3.动词-ed形式作状语(1)动词-ed形式作状语,分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。※(2024·江苏高考)Technologicalinnovations,combinedwithgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.(2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(隐瞒的),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿着……的),tiredof(对……感到厌倦的)等。※Hehidhisfaceinhishandsagain,lostinhisownthoughts.※Hewasabigmaninhisforties,smartlydressedinasuitandtie.【点津】有部分分词或不定式短语作状语,其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响,这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有considering...(鉴于,考虑到);generallyspeaking(总的来说);judgingby/from...(从……来看,依据……来推断);supposingthat...(假定……);providingthat...(假定……);giventhat...(鉴于,由于……)4.独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点:a.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;b.独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;c.独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。※Everymorningtheoldmanwalksinthepark,hispetdogfollowinghimalong(=andhispetdogfollowshimalong).※Shestoodthere,hereyeslookingupwardintotheskyandherhandscrossedonherbreast.【小题快练】单句语法填空①Weatherpermitting(permit),wewillgoforapicnicthisSaturday.②Whetherthiswillbesuccessfulornotisstilldifficulttopredict(predict).

③Tomrushedtoclassroomonlytobetold(tell)itwasaSunday.④Hearing(hear)thatBobhadgotpromoted,hisfriendscametocongratulatehim.⑤Praised(praise)bytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Havingtheopportunitytospeak(speak)Mandarineverydayreallyimprovedmylearning.2.WehopethatNationalChineseCharactersContestwillgetmorepeopletobrush(brush)upourwrittenlanguage.3.Therewerealsoalotofpeoplemaking(make)specialdrawingstohelpthemrecallimportantmoments.4.Thus,itwillbethethirdChinesecitytohost(host)thegames.5.FacebookCEOZuckerbergjusthadababygirlnamedMax,andtohonour(honour)theoccasion,he’sgivingawaythemajorityofhiswealth.6.Youwillbedeeplyimpressedbythebestqualityguaranteed(guarantee)byourrichexperienceongroupoperation.Ⅱ.语法填空Whatannoysyoumostinlife?Anewsurveyonannoyingthingshassomeinterestingfindings.Thereport1.__________(divide)intoanumberofcategories.Transportcomesfairlyhighupinthelist,withbuses,planesandtrainsallcapable2.__________drivingusmad.Someofthethingswefindmostirritating(令人恼火的)aboutbusesincludemissingabus,3.__________(particular)afterrunningtothebusstop,andpeopleinbuseswhocrowdneartheentrance4.__________(refuse)tomovedowntotheendofthebus.

Theairportisalsoaplacethatcanreallywindusup.Beinghitbyout-of-controlluggagecartsorbeingcaughtontheanklesbysomeonewhocan’tcontrolthemproperlyisenoughtomakeusseered.Gettingin5.__________slow-movingqueuetocheckinourbaggagewhenourflightisabouttoleave6.__________(be)alsoenoughtomakeourbloodpressuresoar.7.__________(delay)flightsareobviouslyannoying,butairlinesthatrefusetokeepusuptodatewiththelatesttravelinformationmakeuseven8.__________(angry).

Thetrain9.__________(cause)botheraswell.Blockedtoilets,buffetcarswithnosandwichesandpassengers10.__________makeloudmobilephonecallsallappearonthelist.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白乘坐公交车、飞机和火车等交通工具会遇到的一些烦人事。1.【解析】isdivided。考查动词时态和语态。主语report与谓语动词divide构成被动关系,且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为单数名词report,谓语动词用单数。故填isdivided。2.【解析】of。考查介词。表示“能够做某事”短语为becapableofdoingsth.。故填of。3.【解析】particularly。考查副词。修饰后文介词短语afterrunningtothebusstop应用副词particularly,表示“特殊”。故填particularly。4.【解析】refusing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知refuse在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填refusing。5.【解析】a。考查冠词。名词queue此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且slow-moving为辅音音素开头的单词,故应用a。故填a。6.【解析】is。考查主谓一样。本句陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,且句子主语为动名词短语Gettinginaslow-movingqueuetocheckinourbaggagewhenourflightisabouttoleave,故谓语动词应用单数。故填is。7.【解析】Delayed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知delay在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语flights构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Delayed。8.【解析】angrier。考查比较级。结合句意表示“更生气的”,应用形容词比较级angrier。故填angrier。9.【解析】causes。考查名词的数。cause为可数名词,句中为一般现在时,后文bother为动词原形,可知此处应用复数形式。故填causes。10.【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词passengers,且先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。Ⅲ.短文改错WithmyhomeworkwasfinishedlastSunday,Iwenttothecountrysidetoseemygrandfather.Atabout9,Isetoffandarrivedatmyhomeafteranhour.Seenme,hefeltveryexcitedandwelcomedmewarm.Ihandedhimthefreshfruitboughtinthesupermarketbuthegavemesomesnacks.Thenwewenttocatchfish.Itwasnotlongafterwecaughtalotoffish.Havingbroughtthemhome,mygrandfathercookedsometome.Afterlunch,Ihelpedhimcleanthehouseandhepraisedmewithbigsmileonhisface.Whenitwastimeformetoleave,mygrandfathergavemesomegiftswhatIlikedverymuch,andhuggedme.ItwassoabeautifuldaythatIwillrememberitforever.答案:1.【解析】第一句去掉finished前的was。考查with复合结构。分析句子成分可知,该句运用了“with+宾语+