02 航空航天-2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读-航空航天来源题型主要内容12024·湖北·中考真题阅读理解介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。22024·江苏扬州·中考真题阅读理解介绍了即将将宇航员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。32024·四川自贡·中考真题阅读理解介绍了宇航员面临的问题和所接受的训练。42024·山东烟台·中考真题阅读理解介绍了长征5号的情况，由此引出对于月球情况的介绍，突出了从月球上带回样本对于航空事业有重大帮助。52024·江西吉安·三模阅读理解介绍了一种新型的太空旅行方式——太空气球。62024·四川达州·中考真题短文填空介绍了神舟十八号的航天员以及航天任务、行程等。72024·辽宁锦州·二模短文填空介绍了中国航天事业的发展历史和取得的成果。82024·浙江金华·三模短文填空介绍了中国载人航天工程代表团对香港和澳门进行了为期六天的访问。92024·福建厦门·二模阅读理解介绍了太空项目命名的由来。102024·甘肃武威·三模阅读理解介绍了神舟十八号在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射、参与此处任务的宇航员，以及神舟十八号在太空要完成的任务。01（2024·湖北·中考真题）Sofar,Chinahassuccessfullysentalargenumberofsatellites(卫星)andspaceshipsintospace.Spacescientistshavebeengreatlyinspired(赋予灵感)bytheoldstoriesandancientfamouspeoplewhengivingthemnames.Sincethousandsofyearsago,Chinesepeoplehavedreamedofgoingtothemoon.Chang’eFliestotheMoonisoneofthemostpopularstories.Asyoucansee,China’sfirstman-madesatellitetocirclearoundthemoonwasnamedChang’eI.Moreinterestingly,themoonrover(巡视器)wasnamedaftertheJadeRabbit,whoisthepartnerofChang’einthestory.Theseoldstoriescarrypeople’sbestwishesanddreams.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourscientistshavemadethemcometrue.KuaFuRunsAftertheSunisanotherstorytoshowhowmuchancientChinesepeoplewantedtoknowabouttheunknownworld.Now,KuaFuisgoingwiththescientiststo“visit”thesun,becausewehaveaspaceprojectcalledKuaFuMission.Besidestheancientstories,spacescientistsalsogetideasfromancientfamouspeople.Forexample,Mozi,anancientscientist,discoveredthatlighttravelsinastraightlineover2,000yearsago.Hisdiscoverymadespacestudytakeabigstepatthattime.So,China’sfirstquantum(量子)sciencesatellitewasnamedMozi,makingChinathefirstcountryintheworldtoachievequantumcommunicationbetweensatellitesandtheground.Fromsuchsimplethingsasgivingnamestothesatellites,wecanseehowgreatourtraditionalcultureisandwhatinfluenceithasonourmodernscienceandtechnology.1．InChina,spacescientistsgetideasfrom________whennamingsatellites.①oldstories

②traditionalprojects③ancientfamouspeople

④popularinventionsA．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④2．WhatdoweknowaboutChang’eIaccordingtothepassage?A．Itmovesaroundthemoon. B．ItprotectstheJadeRabbit.C．It“visits”thesunwiththescientists. D．Itistheworld’sfirstman-madesatellite.3．HowdoesthewritersupporthisopinioninParagraph4?A．Bylistingnumbers. B．Bycomparingfacts.C．Bygivinganexample. D．Byreportingaresult.4．Whichistherightstructureofthepassage?(①=Paragraph1

②=Paragraph2,…)A． B．C． D．5．What’sthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．TospreadthetraditionalChineseculture.B．Toexplainhowourscientistsdevelopthespaceindustry.C．Tointroducetheachievementsinourscienceandtechnology.D．TotellhowtraditionalChinesecultureinfluencesourspacescience.02（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Chinahasnamedthespacecraftthatwillputitsastronautsonthemoon.ThenewmannedspacecraftisMengzhouandthelunarlanderisLanyue.Chinaplanstolanditsastronautsonthemoonaround2030.CheckthetabletolearnthedetailsonChina’sexcitingjourneytothemoon.MENGZHOUANDLANYUETakeChinesePeople’sDreamToTheMoonCloserMengzhou—ThemannedspacecraftMeaningofthename:DreamboatThenamecarriestheChinesepeople’sspaceexplorationdreamstothemoon.Maintasks:•CarryoutChina’smannedlunarexploration•Operatenear-EarthspacestationPayload:Forlunartasks,itcancarry3astronautsroundtripbetweenthegroundandlunarorbit(轨道).Fornear-Earthorbittasks,itcancarry7astronautsroundtripbetweenthegroundandspacestation.Lanyue—ThelunarlanderMeaningofthename:ClaspingthemoonThenamesymbolizesthebraveryandconfidenceoftheChinesepeopleinexploringtheuniverseandlandingonthemoon.Maintasks:•Transportbetweenlunarorbitandlunarsurface•Serveasthecenterforastronautactivities,energysupply,anddatatransmissiononthemoon•SupportlunarexplorationandactivitiesPayload:Itcancarry2astronautsroundtrip,lunarrover,andscientificpayloads.ExplorationSteps1.TwoLongMarch-10rocketsarelaunched(发射).OnecarriesMengzhouandtheothercarriesLanyue.2.Thetwospacecraftmeetandjoininlunarorbitandtheastronautsenterthelander.3.TheLanyuelandersendstheastronautstothelunarsurface.4.Theastronautscarryoutscientificexplorationandsample(样本)collectiononthelunarsurfaceasplanned.5.Aftercompletingthejobonthemoon,theLanyuelandertakestheastronautstogouptolunarorbit.6.Thetwospacecraftmeetandjoinagain,andtheastronautstakethelunarsamplestotheMengzhouspacecraft.7.TheMengzhouspacecraftreturnstoEarthwiththemoonsamples.6．WhichofthefollowingisLanyue’stask?A．Operatenear-Earthspacestation.B．SupportEarthexplorationandactivities.C．Transportbetweenthegroundandspacestation.D．Workasthecenterforenergysupplyonthemoon.7．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexplorationsteps?A．ThesamerocketsendsMengzhouandLanyueintospace.B．AstronautsreachandleavethemoonintheLanyuelander.C．MengzhouandLanyuejointogetheratthespacestation.D．TheLanyuelanderreturnstoEarthwiththesamplesonthemoon.8．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．ToencouragetheyouthtomakeinventionsforChina’smoonprogram.B．TotellthereaderaboutthehistoryofChina’slunarexplorationjourney.C．Tooffersuggestionsonhowtotakeupchallengesinthelunarexplorationtask.D．TogiveinformationonthenewspacecraftforChina’smannedlunarexplorationtask.03（2024·四川自贡·中考真题）April24thisSpaceDayofChina.EversinceYangLiweimadeittospacein2003,about20Chineseastronautshavebeensentintospace.Inspace,astronautsfacemanyproblems.Thereislittlegravity(重力)there,whichinfluencestheirbodies.Also,beingawayfromfamilyandfriendsandstayinginatinyspaceshipforalongtimecanmakethemfeelsadorstressedout.What’smore,ifsomethinggoeswrongsuddenly,theyhavetofixitunderhugepressure.That’swhyastronautshavetobesmart,strong,andreadyforanychallengebeforetheycangotospace.TomakesurethatChineseastronautscompletetheirtasksandreturntoEarthsafely,8kinds,includingover200subjectsoftraining,areset.Besidesphysicaltraining,basicscienceknowledgeandmock(模拟)tasksareincluded.Beforeastronautscangotospace,theytrainlikethisforatleastthreeandahalfyears.InChina’smannedspaceproject,oneofthemostdifficultpartsofthetrainingistheunderwatertraining.Thishelpsastronautsgetreadyfortheweightlessenvironmentinspace.Andtheyweardivingsuits(潜水服)over100kilosandstayunderwaterforsixhourseverytime.9．Whatproblemdoastronautsfaceaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Theyhavetotrainunderhugepressure.B．Theyareinfluencedbylittlegravityinspace.C．Theyoftenworryabouttheirfamilyandfriends.10．Whatdoastronautsneedtodobeforegoingtospace?A．Masterbasicscienceknowledge.B．Experience8subjectsoftraining.C．Getthreeyearsofunderwatertraining.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph4referto(指代)?A．Adivingsuit. B．Underwatertraining. C．China’smannedspaceproject.12．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext?A．WorkHardtoLiveinSpace B．TrainHardtoWorkinSpace C．DealwithProblemsinSpace04（2024·山东烟台·中考真题）ALongMarch5rockettookofffromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchSiteinHainanprovinceonMay3,2024.Afterflyingforabout37minutes,itsuccessfullyplacedtheChang’e6roboticlunarprobe(月球探测器)intoanEarth-moontransfertrajectory(转移轨道).Severaldayslatertheprobewasprogrammedtolandonthemoon’sfarsideandstarteditstasks,whichwouldlastabout53days.Thisistheworld’sfirsttrytobringsamples(样本)fromthemoon’sfarside.ForChina,it’sthesecondsample-returnmoonjourney.Chang’e5successfullybroughtsamplesfromthemooninthewinterof2020.Uptonow,10moonsample-returntaskshavebeencarriedoutbytheUnitedStates,theformerSovietUnion(前苏联)andChina,butallthesesampleswerecollectedfromthemoon’snearside.Themoon’sfarsidehasalwaysbeenasubjectofscientificwonderbecauseofitsmanymysteries.It’sfacingawayfromEarthanditcanneverbeseenfromEarth.Itwasoncecalledthe“darksideofthemoon”eventhoughitreceivesjustasmuchsunlightasthenearside.Chineseresearchershavefoundthatthesoilonthefarsideismuchthickerthanthatonthenearside,buttheyhaven’tfoundoutthereason.SamplesbroughtbackbyChang’e5havehelpedscientistsfindthattherewerevolcanic(火山的)activitiesonthenearsidearound2billionyearsago.Somescientiststhoughtmaybevolcanoesbecameinactiveonthefarsideabout4billionyearsago.Isittrue?Samplesfromthefarsidewillallowthemtoknowtheanswer.“Comparingthemake-upofthefarsidesamplesfromChang’e6withthosecollectedfromthenearsidewillbeofgreatscientificvaluetotheinternationalcommunity,”saidMartinSweeting,afamousprofessorofspaceengineering.13．WhendidChang’e6begintoworkonthemoon?A．OnMay3,2024. B．Afterflyingforabout37minutes.C．Inthewinterof2020. D．Afterlandingonthemoon’sfarside.14．HowmanytimeshasChinagotsamplesfromthemoon’snearside?A．Once. B．Twice. C．Fivetimes. D．Tentimes.15．Accordingtothepassage,themoon’sfarside________.A．receiveslesssunlightthanthenearsideB．hasthickersoilcomparedwiththenearsideC．canbeseenfromEarthwithpowerfulcamerasD．hasmorerecentvolcanicactivitiesthanthenearside16．WhatcanwelearnfromMartinSweeting’swords?A．Chang’e6willstaylongeronthemoonformoretasks.B．Chang’e6iscarryingoutavaluabletaskfortheworld.C．Chang’e6willbringsamplesfrombothsidesofthemoon.D．Chang’e6cancomparesamplesbeforebringingthemback.05（2024·江西吉安·三模）You’veheardofspacerockets,buthaveyouheardofaspaceballoon?AcompanycalledSpacePerspectiveisplanningtouseitsnewballooncalledSpaceNeptunetotakepeopletotheedge(边缘)ofspace.Itisexpectedtotakecommonpeopleonanout-of-the-worldvacationin2024.TakingofffromKennedySpaceCenter,thetripwilltakesixhours—twohourstravellingup,twohoursenjoyingtheviewandtwohourstravellingback.Belowthehydrogen(氢气)-filledballoon,aspaceshipislargeenoughforeighttravelerstostandandwalkfreelywithin.Insidetheshiparecomfortableseats,freeWi-Fiandevenabar.Duringthesix-hourtrip,theguestswillbeabletosendphotosorvideostopeopleonthegroundwhileenjoyingfoodanddrinks.Althoughtheballoonwon’treallyflyintospace,thiswon’tbeaproblemfortheguests.At20milesaboveearth,theywillexperience360°viewsoftheplanetearthandstars,feelingliketheyareinspace,ticketsareexpensive,though-seatsonboardsoldfor$125,000each.Unlikerockets,SpaceNeptunedoesn’tgiveoutcarbondioxide(二氧化碳),whichalwaysresultsinhottertemperaturesontheearth.Thespaceshipwillalsogetitshydrogenfromcleanandrenewable(可再生的)energy.Thisiswhyspacetravelwithhydrogenballoonsisthoughttobethemostenvironmentallyfriendlysofar.Thegreatnewsisthatnospecialtrainingisneededforthisride,butthebadnewsis,you’llprobablyhavetowaituntil2025becausethefirstyear’sticketsaresoldoutalready.So,startsavingup!17．Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?A．Byaskingaquestion. B．Bytellingastory.C．Bygivinganexample. D．Bylistingnumbers.18．Whichpicturebestshowstheballoonspacetravel?A． B．C． D．19．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtohepassage?A．Thespaceshipis100meterswide. B．Thespaceshipgoesintospacebyrocket.C．Thespaceshipcarriesatmost8passengers. D．Hespaceshipwillbetoohotforpassengers.20．WhatisSpaceNeptunelike?A．Itiseducational. B．Itistraditional. C．Itisdirty. D．Itisenvironmental.21．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheSpaceBalloonfromtheSpaceRocket. B．CallonMoreTrainedAstronautstoSpace.C．HowtoMakeaSpaceBalloon. D．ANewWaytoTraveltoSpace.06（2024·四川达州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在文章空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheShenzhou-18mannedspaceshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched(发射)fromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.ItmarksChina’s32ndmannedflightintospace.At8:59p.m.onApril25,2024,it22(send)threeastronautsandnearly100experimentalboxes(实验柜)totheTiangongspacestation.Thethreeastronauts23(be)YeGuangfu,LiCongandLiGuangsu.Theywereallborninthe1980s.Yewasoneofthe24(member)oftheShenzhou-l3mission(任务)fromOctober202125April2022.Thistime,heworksasthe26(lead)ofthethreeastronauts.BothLiCong27LiGuangsuarenewcomerstospace.During28(they)timeinspace,theywillcareforthespacestationtomakesureitcanwork29(safe).Theywilldoover90experiments.Afish30(call)“the4thmemberofShenzhou-18”willbeusedforanexperimentalproject.TheShenzhou-18astronautsareplannedtoreturnto31earthinlateOctoberthisyear.Sotheywillspendaboutsixmonthsonthespacestation.07（2024·辽宁锦州·二模）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号里所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯.ChinacelebratesitsSpaceDayonApril24eachyear.Itisthe32(nine)thisyear.China33(make)aseriesof(一系列的)remarkable(显著的)achievementsinspaceexploration(探索)since1960.OnApril24,1970,ChinajoinedthespaceclubwhenChinalaunched(发射)the34(country)firstsatellite(卫星),Dongfanghong—1.OnOctober15,2003,ChinasentastronautYangLiweion3521-hourjourneyaroundEarthinShenzhouV.OnOctober24,2007,Chang’e-1waslaunched36(successful).37September,2008,ShenzhouVIIspacecraft(宇宙飞船)waslaunchedwiththreeastronauts.Oneof38(they)wentonChina’shistoricfirstspacewalk.OnNovember24,2020,Chang’e-5waslaunched.Itbroughtrocks39soilonthemoonbacktotheEarthonDecember17.OnOctober31,2022,China’sMengtianspacelabmodule(舱)40(connect)totheTianhecoremodule(核心舱),markingthecompletionofthenation’sspacestation.OnOctober26,2023,ShenzhouXVIIspacecraftwaslaunched.Withanaverage(平均的)ageof38,thethree-memberteambecame41(young)Chinesecrew(专业人员)everinspace.Itisthe30thmission(任务)ofChina’smanned(载人的)spaceprogram.08（2024·浙江金华·三模）根据短文内容和所给中文或首字母提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。FromNovember28thtoDecember3rd,2023,adelegationofChina’smannedspaceprogrampaidasix-dayvisittoHongKongandMacao.Duringtheirstay,t42visitedseveralprimaryandsecondaryschoolsandtwouniversitiesinHongKong,andgaveabigspeechinMacao.The43(中国的)astronautsencouragedlocalyoungpeopletorealizethedreamofspaceexploration.Also,thedelegation44(出席)theopeningceremonyofthe“ChinaMannedSpaceExhibition”.TheexhibitionwasopentoallpeopleinHongKongandMacaoforf45untilFebruary18th,2024.ShumTze-manisaHongKongmiddleschoolstudent.Shewas46(深地)attractedbytheperformancesofastronauts.“Ourcountry’sspaceindustryhasbecomeworldleading.I’msop47ofournationandthismakesmecrazieraboutspaceexploration,”Shumsaid.“Thereportsofspaceexperts48(包括)alotofprofessionalknowledgeofphysicsandastronomy.A49someofthemweredifficulttounderstand,theymademeeagertoexplorespace,”AstudentfromLingnanMiddleSchoolinMacaosaid.Thedelegation’svisitshowsthatourcountryputsahighvalueonthe50(科学)andtechnologyeducationofyoungstudentsinHongKongandMacao.Thespacestationisl51homefortheastronautsinspace.ItishopedthatastronautsfromHongKongandMacaowillsoonappearatthespacestationtomakeourhomeinspacelivelierandhappier.09（2024·福建厦门·二模）Wukong,Tiangong,Tianwen...DoyouknowwherethenamesofChinesespaceprogramscomefrom?Wukong,theDarkMatterParticleExplorersatellite(暗物质粒子探测卫星),isnamedafteraChinesesuperherotheMonkeyKing.AccordingtoJourneytotheWest,theMonkeyKinghasapairofsharp(锐利的)eyeswhichcantellthedifferencebetweengoodandevil.TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharp-eyedastheMonkeyKingtohelpscientistssearchfordarkmatterinspace.Thenameofthespacestation,Tiangong,means“HeavenlyPalace”.InChinesemyths(神话),thisisthehomeofTianDi.NowTiangongSpaceStationisahomeforChineseastronautsinspace.AndChinawelcomesforeignastronautstoTiangongandthentheycanworktogetherinthefuture.Tianwen,China’sMarsmission(火星任务),getsitsnamefromthepoemTianwenbyQuYuan.QuYuanisawell-knownpoetfromancientChina.InTianwen,hehadthequestionsaboutthesky,stars,nature,mythsandtherealworld,showinghishungerfortruth.PerhapstheTianwenmissionwillendupansweringsomeofQuYuan’squestions.IfyoulookintomorenamesofChinesespaceprograms,youwillfindthattheyallhavebeautifulmeanings.We,theChinesepeople,havealong-cherished(珍藏已久的)spacedream.SothenamingofChinesespaceprogramsistakenveryseriously.52．Theunderlinedword“evil”means“________”.A．honesty B．badness C．kindness D．ugliness53．WhatdothesatelliteWukongandtheMonkeyKinghaveincommon?A．They’rebothsharp-eyed. B．They’rebothsuperheroes.C．Theybothhelpwithscientificstudies. D．Theybothhelpthegoodandpunishthebad.54．WhatisTiangongusedfor?A．It’susedforsearchingdarkmatter.B．It’susedtoexplore(探索)theMars.C．It’susedtosendastronautstothespace.D．It’susedasahomefortheastronautsinspace.55．WhereisthenameofChina’sMarsmissionsfrom?A．JourneytotheWest. B．ThehomeofTianDi.C．QuYuan’spoemTianwen. D．AncientChinesemyths.56．WetakethenamingofChinesespaceprogramsseriouslybecause________.A．wehaveadreamforspace B．wehavethehungerfortruthC．wearefondofbeautifulnames D．wewanttoprotecttheenvironment10（2024·甘肃武威·三模）ChinasentthreeastronautstotheTiangongspacestationontheShenzhou-18mission(任务).Thespaceshipwaslaunched(发射)attheJiuqunnSatelliteLaunchCentreintheGobidesertinnorthwestChinaat8:59p.m.onThursday,April25,2024.Theywereexpectedtoreachthespacestationaboutsixandahalfhoursafterliftoff(升空).ThemissionisledbyYeGuangfu,afighterpilotandastronautwhowaspartoftheShenzhou-13crow(全体工作人员)in2021.HeisjoinedbyastronautsLiCongandLiGuangsu,whoareheadingintospaceforthefirsttime.Theywillspendaboutsixmonthsleadingscientifictestsandputtingspacewasteprotectionequipmentinplaceonthespacestation.Thecountryisplanningamissiontobringbacksamples(样品)fromMarsaround2030.Italsowantstoputastronautsonthemoonby2030.“It’ssuchapleasuretoseethattheyoungastronautscannowcarryoutmannedspacemissionsandtakeontheheavyresponsibilities.I’msuretheShenzhou-18crewwilldowell,althoughthemissionhasbecomemoredifficult,”YangLiweisaidatthelaunchcenteronWednesdayafternoon.阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。57．China’sShenzhou-18spaceshipwaslaunchedat________.A．theTiangongspacestation B．theInternationalSpaceStationC．theGobidesertinnortheastChina D．theJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCentre58．WholeadthemissionontheShenzhou-18?A．LiCong. B．YeGuangfu. C．LiGuangsu. D．YangLiwei.59．HowlongwilltheastronautsstayattheTiangongspacestation?A．Forsevenmonths. B．Forabouthalfayear.C．Foroneyear. D．Foroneandahalfyears.60．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．YangLiweihasstronglybelievedtheyoungastronauts.B．YangLiweiadvisedtheyoungastronautstoworkharder.C．YangLiweisharedhisexperiencewiththeyoungastronauts.D．YangLiweiwasworriedabouttheyoungastronauts.61．What’sthethemeofthepassage?A．Courageandfriendship. B．Sportsandhealth.C．Scienceandtechnology. D．Cultureandeducation.参考答案：1．B2．A3．C4．A5．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。1．细节理解题。根据“Spacescientistshavebeengreatlyinspired(赋予灵感)bytheoldstoriesandancientfamouspeoplewhengivingthemnames.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Asyoucansee,China’sfirstman-madesatellitetocirclearoundthemoonwasnamedChang’eI.”可知，嫦娥一号绕月运行。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据“Besidestheancientstories,spacescientistsalsogetideasfromancientfamouspeople.Forexample…”可知，文章第四段介绍科学家给卫星命名时还受到古代名人的启发，下文列举了“墨子号”的例子。故作者通过举例子的方式支持自己的观点。故选C。4．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段介绍文章主题，太空技术与古代传统文化有关系；第二、三、四段分别从中国传统故事以及古代著名人物方面介绍；最后一段总结全文，升华主题。故文章的结构是总（①）——分（②③④）——总（⑤）。故选A。5．主旨大意题。根据“Fromsuchsimplethingsasgivingnamestothesatellites,wecanseehowgreatourtraditionalcultureisandwhatinfluenceithasonourmodernscienceandtechnology.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍中国的空间技术与中国传统文化之间的渊源，中国传统文化影响着我国的空间技术。故选D。6．D7．B8．D【导语】本文主要介绍了即将将宇航员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。6．细节理解题。根据“Maintasks:...Serveasthecenterforastronautactivities,energysupply,anddatatransmissiononthemoon”可知，作为月球上的能源供应中心是“揽月”的任务。故选D。7．细节理解题。根据“TheLanyuelandersendstheastronautstothelunarsurface.”及“Aftercompletingthejobonthemoon,theLanyuelandertakestheastronautstogouptolunarorbit.”可知，宇航员乘坐“揽月”着陆器到达和离开月球。故选B。8．主旨大意题。根据“Chinahasnamedthespacecraftthatwillputitsastronautsonthemoon.ThenewmannedspacecraftisMengzhouandthelunarlanderisLanyue...CheckthetabletolearnthedetailsonChina’sexcitingjourneytothemoon.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了即将将宇航员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。因此其目的是为了提供一些关于中国载人探月任务的新宇宙飞船的信息。故选D。9．B10．B11．B12．B【导语】本文介绍了宇航员面临的问题和所接受的训练。9．细节理解题。根据“Thereislittlegravity(重力)there,whichinfluencestheirbodies.”可知，那里几乎没有重力，会影响他们的身体，故选B。10．细节理解题。根据“TomakesurethatChineseastronautscompletetheirtasksandreturntoEarthsafely,8kinds,includingover200subjectsoftraining,areset.”可知，为了确保中国航天员完成任务并安全返回地球，制定了8个项目，包括200多个项目的训练。所以宇航员在进入太空之前需要经历8个项目的培训。故选B。11．代词指代题。根据“InChina’smannedspaceproject,oneofthemostdifficultpartsofthetrainingistheunderwatertraining.Thishelpsastronautsgetreadyfortheweightlessenvironmentinspace.”可知，在中国载人航天工程中，水下训练是训练中最困难的部分之一。这有助于宇航员为太空中的失重环境做好准备。此处This指的是“水下训练”，故选B。12．最佳标题题。本文介绍了宇航员面临的问题和所接受的训练，选项B“努力训练在太空工作”符合主题，故选B。13．D14．A15．B16．B【导语】本文主要介绍了长征5号的情况，由此引出对于月球情况的介绍，突出了从月球上带回样本对于航空事业有重大帮助。13．细节理解题。根据“Severaldayslatertheprobewasprogrammedtolandonthemoon’sfarsideandstarteditstasks,whichwouldlastabout53days.”可知，探测器被设定在月球背面着陆后，开始了它的任务，故选D。14．推理判断题。根据“Thisistheworld’sfirsttrytobringsamples(样本)fromthemoon’sfarside.ForChina,it’sthesecondsample-returnmoonjourney…butallthesesampleswerecollectedfromthemoon’snearside.”可知，这是世界上第一次尝试从月球背面采集样本。对中国来说，这是第二次取样返回月球之旅，之前所有这些样本都是从月球近侧收集的，也就是说中国已经有过一次从月球近侧采集样本，故选A。15．细节理解题。根据“Chineseresearchershavefoundthatthesoilonthefarsideismuchthickerthanthatonthenearside”可知，月球背面的土壤比近侧厚得多，故选B。16．推理判断题。根据“Comparingthemake-upofthefarsidesamplesfromChang’e6withthosecollectedfromthenearsidewillbeofgreatscientificvaluetotheinternationalcommunity”可知，嫦娥6号收集的远端样本和近端样本对国际社会来说将具有重大的科学价值，也就是说嫦娥六号正在为世界执行一项有价值的任务，故选B。17．A18．A19．C20．D21．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的太空旅行方式——太空气球。17．细节理解题。根据“You’veheardofspacerockets,buthaveyouheardofaspaceballoon?”可知，文章开头作者设问“你听说过太空气球吗”。故选A。18．细节理解题。根据第二段“TakingofffromKennedySpaceCenter,thetripwilltakesixhours—twohourstravellingup,twohoursenjoyingtheviewandtwohourstravellingback.”可知，从肯尼迪航天中心起飞，这次旅行将耗时六个小时——上行两个小时，欣赏美景两个小时和回程两个小时。故选A。19．细节理解题。根据第二段“Belowthehydrogen(氢气)-filledballoon,aspaceshipislargeenoughforeighttravelerstostandandwalkfreelywithin.”可知，在充满氢气的气球下面，一艘宇宙飞船足够大，可以让八名旅行者在里面自由站立和行走。即这艘宇宙飞船最多可载8名乘客。故选C。20．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thisiswhyspacetravelwithhydrogenballoonsisthoughttobethemostenvironmentallyfriendlysofar.”可知，氢气球太空旅行被认为是迄今为止最环保的。故选D。21．最佳标题题。通过全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的太空旅行方式——太空气球，故“一种新的太空旅行方式”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。22．sent23．are24．members25．to26．leader27．and28．their29．safely30．called31．the【导语】本文介绍了神舟十八号的航天员以及航天任务、行程等。22．句意：2024年4月25日晚8点59分，中国航天局将3名航天员和近100个实验柜送往天宫空间站。send“发送”，动词。根据“At8:59p.m.onApril25,2024”可知，时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故填sent。23．句意：这三名宇航员分别是叶光富、李聪和李广苏。本句陈述事实，是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are。24．句意：叶是2021年10月至2022年4月神舟三号任务的成员之一。member“成员”，可数名词。oneofthe+名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填members。25．句意：叶是2021年10月至2022年4月神舟三号任务的成员之一。from…to…“从……到……”，固定搭配。故填to。26．句意：这一次，他是三名宇航员中的领导者。lead“领导”，动词。此处指叶光富是三人中的领导者。leader“领导”，可数名词，用其单数形式。故填leader。27．句意：李聪和李广苏都是太空新人。both…and“两者都……”，固定搭配。故填and。28．句意：在太空期间，他们将照顾空间站，确保它能安全工作。they“他们”，人称代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词their，作定语修饰time。故填their。29．句意：在太空期间，他们将照顾空间站，确保它能安全工作。safe“安全的”，形容词。此处用其副词形式safely，修饰动词work。故填safely。30．句意：一种名为“神舟十八号”的鱼将被用于一个实验项目。call“称为”，动词。此处用其过去分词形式called，作后置定语修饰名词fish。故填called。31．句意：神舟十八号航天员计划于今年十月下旬返回地球。此处缺少冠词，earth“地球”是世界上独一无二的物体，其前应加定冠词the。故填the。32．ninth33．hasmade34．country’s35．a36．successfully37．In38．them39．and40．wasconnected41．theyoungest【导语】本文主要介绍了中国航天事业的发展历史和取得的成果。32．句意：今年是第九届。空前有“the”修饰，因此应用“nine”的序数词“ninth”，表示顺序。故填ninth。33．句意：从1960年起，中国在太空探索领域取得了一系列显著的成就。根据时间状语“since1960”可知，此句应用现在完成时，主语“China”是单数，助动词应用“has”。故填hasmade。34．句意：在1970年4月24日，在发射了国家第一颗卫星后，中国加入了太空俱乐部。此空修饰后面的名词“satellite”，表示所属，应用“country”的所有格“country’s”。故填country’s。35．句意：在2003年10月15日，中国把宇航员杨利伟送上太空，乘坐神舟五号绕地球行驶了21小时。此处泛指一段旅程，应用不定冠词，“twenty-one”是辅音音素开头的单词，因此用“a”。故填a。36．句意：在2007年10月24日，嫦娥一号成功发射。此空修饰动词“waslaunched”，应用“successful”的副词“successfully”。故填successfully。37．句意：在2008年9月，神舟七号宇宙飞船带着三名宇航员发射。月份“September”前应用时间介词“in”，位于句首首字母需大写。故填In。38．句意：他们其中一人迈出了中国历史上的太空行走第一步。此空位于介词“of”后作宾语，应用“they”的宾格“them”。故填them。39．句意：它在12月7日带着月球上的岩石和土壤返回了地球。“rocks”和“soil”是并列名词，因此此处应用“and”连接。故填and。40．句意：在2022年10月31日，中国梦天太空实验舱被连接到了天河核心舱上，标志着国家太空站的完成。主语“China’sM