中考英语语法总复习专题 名词

名词I.名词的种类：名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim，China,Qingdao,theUK,普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,air抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,II.名词的数：可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；1．有规则变化复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”，现将构成规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives加-sroof-roofs,safe（保险箱）→safeshandkerchief（手帕，手绢）的复数形式两者都可4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos2．不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,tooth→teeth等2单复数相同sheep,deer,,fish,li,yuan,jin,Chinese，Japanese3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class,family,crowd,group,government,population,team,public,enemy,party6表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,将两部分变为复数，只有man,womenwomensingers,menservantsIII.名词的格1.单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"。2.若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"。3.凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber's5.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。6.复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一个词的词尾。如：amonthortwo'sabsence练习与巩固：A:1.Mathematics______easytolearn.A.isB.areC.canD.feels2.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.A.roofs,leafsB.roofs,leavesC.rooves,leafsD.rooves,leaves3.Anold____wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson4.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories5.Ihavetwo___andthreebottlesof___here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orange6.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience7.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen8.Helpyourselfto____.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples9.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.Twocup’sofcoffeeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.TwocupsofcoffeesB:1—Youlookverytiredthismorning.Whatdidyoudoyesterdayafternoon?—IdidChristmasshopping.A.alotofB.afewofC.anumberofD.apieceof2.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn'tnews.A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few3.—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!—Mindyourown,Sue!A.actionB.dutyC.businessD.way4.—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tracy？—Igenerallymakeitatobeupby7toreadEnglish.A.planB.wishC.secretD.rule5.--Whydidn’tyoutakeataxibacklastnight?--BecauseIdidn’thaveany___withme.A.foodB.bicycleC.friendD.money6.Johnalwayssaysthathelikesapplesofallthe___.A.vegetablesB.fruitsC.drinks7.---Youlookworried.What’syour___?--IhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job8.---Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?---I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.A.choiceB.decisionC.reasonD.information9.Ilike_____alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.A.fishB.butterC.potatoesD.noodles10.---Inmyopinion,Chinahasmore______todealwiththediseaseofA/H1N1.---Iquiteagreewithyou.Chinesemedicineworkswell.A.advantagesB.interestsC.equipmentsD.materials11.—It’ssaidthatyouhavemovedintoanewhouse.—Yeah,andweneedtobuysomeinthemallnearby.A.foodB.furnitureC.hamburger12.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women13.—Emma,whoareyoutaking___ofathome?--Mygrandma,shewasbadlyill.A.placeB.partC.seatD.care14.---HowcanIseethicksnowinmostnorthernpartsofChina?---Youhavetowaittill______comes,Steve.A.summerB.autumnC.winter15.Let’sgetsome____abouttourismontheInternet.A.informationB.messageC.invention16.____theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare______teachers.A.Anumberof;womenB.Anumberof;womanC.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;woman17.Mikeandhisfriendaregoingtothe______toseethenewactionmovietonight.A.bookshopB.restaurantC.concertD.cinema18.--Shallwegoshoppingnow?--Sorry.It’snottheright___.I’mtootired.A.wayB.weatherC.placeD.moment19.---Whatmakesyousoupset?---IwantedtoexplainwhyIwaslate,butMr.Whitedidn’tgivemea(n)____.A.wayB.chanceC.ideaD.excuse20.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an___andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news21.Lookattheflowers!Theyareindifferent___:red,yellow,pink…A.colorsB.sizesC.pricesD.names22.–I’dlike_______grapesandpears.–Oh,Ionlyneed_____orangejuice.A.some;afewB.afew;someC.alittle;fewD.alittle;afew23.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—_____