中考英语复习主谓一致讲义

第一节语法一致一、名词/代词作主语单数名词/代或不可数名在中作主语时，谓语动词用数形式。复数名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。【例】Herideaabouttheproblemisverynovelandinteresting.她对这个问题的看法非常新颖有趣。Leaveschangecolorinautumn.树叶在秋天改变颜色。Thoselookalittlebetterthanthese.那些看上去比这些更好一点儿。（一）“manya(n)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。【例】Manyastudenthaspassedthefinalexamaftercarefulpreparation.许多学生在认真准备后通过了期末考试。（二）“morethanone+单数名词”在意义上虽有复数概念，但作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。【例】Morethanonepersontakespartinthisactivity.不止一个人参加这项活动。Morevisitorsthanonehavecomplainedabouttheweatherhere.不止一名游客抱怨过这里的天气。（三）常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。常见的这类名词有clothes,belongings（财物）,earnings（薪水，收入）,savings（积蓄，存款）,surroundings（环境）,odds（可能性概率）,remains（剩余物，残留物）等。【例】Theclothesarenotsuitableforeverydaywear.这些衣服不适合日常穿。（四）and或both...and...连接并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体时，谓语动词应用单数形式。【例】JaneandMarydecidetotakeatriptoParisnextmonth.简和玛丽决定下个月去巴黎旅行。Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.社会秩序对持不同政治观点的人意味着不同的东西。（五）“分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与后面的名词或代词的数保持一致。【例】Twothirdsofthefoodhasbeensenttothatarea.三分之二的食物已经被送往那个地区了。Ninetypercentofthesethoughtsdonotwork.这些想法中的90%都不奏效。（六）anumberof+名词/代词，谓语动词用复数形式；thenumberof+名词/代词，谓语动词用单数形式。【例】Anumberofchildrenareplayinginthepark.一些孩子正在公园里玩耍。Thenumberofvisitorsisincreasingrapidly.游客的人数正在迅速增加。（七）“aquantityof/alotof/lotsof/plentyof...+不可数名/可数名词复数”作主语时谓语动词的数通常与of后面的名词的数保持一致。但“quantitiesof+不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。【例】Avastquantityofbeerwassoldyesterday.昨天卖出了大量的啤酒。Alargequantityofbooksweredonatedtothechildreninpoorarea.大量的书籍捐赠给了贫困地区的孩子。Greatquantitiesofsandwerewasheddownthehillsidebytherain.大量的沙子被雨水冲下了山坡。（八）“分类词+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与分类词的数保持一致。常用的分类词有：sort,kind,form,piece,portion,series,species,section,type等。【例】Thiskindofcompetitionisnotwhatwewant.这种竞争并不是我们想要的。Allkindsofflowersblossominspring.各种各样的花儿在春天绽放。（九）不定式（短语）动名词（短语）“疑问词/whether+不定式（短语）”和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。从句作主语时，若主句为系表结构，句谓语动词的数通常由作表语的名词或代词决定。【例】Readingwithoutcomprehensionisnotgoodforimprovingone’sstudy.只阅读不理解对促进一个人的学习没有好处。Howtodealwiththematterisstillunderdiscussion.如何处理这件事仍在讨论中。Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.她来与不来并不是很重要。Whattheyneedisnotmoney.Whattheyneedaregoodteachers.他们需要的不是钱。他们需要的是好老师。二、“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构从句一般是修饰复数名词的，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数形式；而one之前有the,theonly,themere,thevery等修饰时，从句一般是修饰one的，所以从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。【例】Jeffisoneofthejournaliststhatwereawardedaprizeatthattime.杰夫是当时获奖的新闻记者之一。Jeffistheonlyoneofthejournaliststhatwasawardedaprizeatthattime.杰夫是当时唯一获奖的新闻记者。第二节就近/就远原则一、就近原则顾名思义，就是谓语动词与最近的名词保持一致。（一）由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语一致。【例】EitherheorIamwrong.不是他错，就是我错。Maryoryouaretoblameforthefault.要么玛丽要么你该为这个错误负责。EitheryouorheisgoingtoParis.Onlyonepersonmaygothere.要么你，要么他去巴黎。只有一个人可以去那里。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听音乐。（二）therebe句型的谓语动词的单、复数形式应与离其最近的主语保持一致。【例】Thereisonegirlandtenboysinourclass.我们班上只有一个女孩和十个男孩。Therearetenboysandonegirlinourclass.我们班上有十个男孩和一个女孩。二、就远原则主语后跟aswellas,asmuchas,alongwith,togetherwith,with,including,followedby,inadditionto,like,unlike,except,but,besides,nolessthan,ratherthan,accompaniedby,insteadof,morethan等引出的短语时，谓语动词的形式应与前面主语的人称和数保持一致，即遵循“就远原则”。【例】Thegirl,togetherwithherfriends,isgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.这个周末那个女孩儿和她的朋友将要去野餐。TheGreenswithTomaredrivingtoattendtheparty.格林夫妇和汤姆一起开车去参加这个聚会。第三节概念/意义一致原则意义一致则是要看主语的内容或者意义表达的是单数意思还是复数意思。一、集体名词作主语时，若强调整体则谓语动词用单数；若强调个体则谓语动词用复数。常见这类名词有committee,family,group,class,army,enemy等。【例】Thepolicehavecaughtthethieves.警察抓住了盗贼。Myfamilyaremywealth.我的家人们是我的财富。Myfamilyisabigone.我家是一个大家庭。【注意】单复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，视其意义而定。二、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的词语作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。【例】Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.对我来说，十五英里似乎是一段很长的路。Tendaysisenough.十天足够了。Twentydollarsistoomuchforthisoldcoin.这枚古币不值20美元。►知识巩固一、单项选择1.Thestudentsaswellastheteacher________footballeverySunday.A.plays B.play C.playing D.toplay2.Look!There______somepencilsonthetable.A.are B.is C.was D.were3.Eitheryouoryoursister________becauseoneofyoumuststayathome.A.go B.goes C.going D.togo4.There________somemilk,someeggsandafewapplesonthetable.A.is B.are C.has D.have5.Eitheryouorhe________ashowerfirst.A.take B.taking C.totake D.takes6.NotonlyshebutalsoI______interestedinMaths.A.is B.are C.am D.be7.Everymeans_____________triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.aretobe D.istobe8.________theteachersintheirschoolisabout200and________themarewomenteachers.A.Anumberof;thenumberof B.Anumberof;anumberofC.Thenumberof;anumberof D.Thenumberof;thenumberof9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were10.Markistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat______agoodcommandofpublicspeakingskillsinhisclass.A.had B.have C.has D.havehad11.Jenny,alongwithtwoboysinourschool,______toLondontoattendaninternationalmeetingtheotherday.A.areinvited B.isinvited C.wereinvited D.wasinvited12.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers______tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.A.havegiven B.willgive C.gave D.hasgiven13.Happiness______whenpeoplemanagetokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.A.achieves B.achieve C.isachieved D.areachieved14.Everyboyandgirl______readingthisinterestingstorybook.A.like B.haveliked C.likes D.liked15.Themanaswellashiswifeandchildren______onthes