北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 含解析

北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年度第一学期期中质量检测高三英语试卷2024.11(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。My10-year-oldsonEgbertwasapickyeater-heonlyatechickennuggetsandyogurt-andunwillingtotrynewthings.Accordingtohim,it’sbecausehehasphobias,includingheightsandthedark.Iwashopingtofindawayto____1____himwithoutusingoldsayingslike“Ifyoudon’ttryit,you’llneverknowifyoulikeit.”SobeforeourskiingtriptoLosAngeles,I___2___arule:wewouldsayyestoeverything,includingnewfoodsandexperiences.Wesaidyesfromthebeginningofourtrip.Attheairportcafé,Egbertbeganbytryingnewfoodslikevegetablemeatballs.___3___,herateditas“notbad”.Thenextdayinthesnowboardingschool,despitethefearofheights,Egbertchallengedhimselftolearnhowtorideachairlift.Afterskiing,wewerebothcoldandwet,andEgbertsuggestedtheoutdoorhottub(浴缸).Thoughitwouldbeacompletelynewexperienceforus,I___4___ittogetherwithhimandtheexperienceprovedtobeadelight.Ifelt___5___ofmyselffortryingsomethingnew.Onoursummerholidays,wecontinuedthe___6___ofsayingyes.AtthecompetitioninCody,Wyoming,neitherofmysonandI___7___whenwewereinvitedontothefieldtojoininthehorseracing.Thoughwecamebackwithoutprizes,wewerebothlaughing,sweatyand___8___.Iknowit’samomentwe’llneverforget.Thereinliesthe___9___ofsayingyesonvacation:itpushesusoutofourcomfortzone,thoughit’snotalwayspossibletosayyestoeverythinginourdailylife.Developingasenseof____10____helpsuslivelifetothefullest-evenifwesometimeswindupcoldandwet.1.A.warn B.award C.order D.encourage2.A.broke B.set C.changed D.remembered3.A.Strangely B.Clearly C.Undoubtedly D.Surprisingly4.A.braved B.adjusted C.missed D.discussed5.A.afraid B.proud C.nervous D.respectful6.A.tradition B.lesson C.trend D.celebration7.A.cared B.agreed C.panicked D.hesitated8.A.puzzled B.touched C.excited D.disappointed9.A.risk B.beauty C.cost D.duty10.A.devotion B.identity C.adventure D.happiness【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.A5.B6.A7.D8.C9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了鼓励儿子尝试新事物，在一次滑雪旅行中制定了一个“对一切说‘是’”的规则，并通过亲身体验来激励儿子克服恐惧和尝试新事物的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望能找到一个方法来鼓励他，而不是使用像“如果你不尝试，你永远不会知道你是否会喜欢它”这样的老话。A.warn警告；B.award奖励；C.order命令；D.encourage鼓励。根据上文“My10-year-oldsonEgbertwasapickyeater-heonlyatechickennuggetsandyogurt-andunwillingtotrynewthings.(我的10岁儿子Egbert是个挑食者——他只吃鸡块和酸奶——而且不愿意尝试新事物。)”可知，作者希望找到一种方法来激励儿子尝试新事物。故选D。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在我们去洛杉矶滑雪之前，我设定了一个规则：我们会对一切说“是”，包括新食物和新体验。A.broke打破；B.set设定；C.changed改变；D.remembered记住。根据下文“arule:wewouldsayyestoeverything”可知，作者设定了一个规则。故选B。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他评价说“还不错”。A.Strangely奇怪地；B.Clearly清楚地；C.Undoubtedly毫无疑问地；D.Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“herateditas“notbad””可知，挑剔的儿子尝试新食物后的反应令人吃惊。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这将是我们完全新体验，但我还是和他一起尝试了，并且这次经历证明是非常愉快的。A.braved勇敢地面对；B.adjusted调整；C.missed错过；D.discussed讨论。根据下文“theexperienceprovedtobeadelight.”可知，作者和儿子勇敢地面对尝试新事物。故选A。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为自己尝试新事物感到自豪。A.afraid害怕的；B.proud自豪的；C.nervous紧张的；D.respectful尊敬的。根据下文“ofmyselffortryingsomethingnew.”可知，作者对自己尝试新事物感到自豪，beproudof“因……而自豪”。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的暑假中，我们继续坚持说“是”的传统。A.tradition传统；B.lesson教训；C.trend趋势；D.celebration庆祝。根据上文“Wesaidyesfromthebeginningofourtrip.”可知，作者和儿子把说“是”变成一种传统。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在怀俄明州科迪的比赛场上，当被邀请加入骑马比赛时，我和儿子都没有犹豫。A.cared关心；B.agreed同意；C.panicked惊慌；D.hesitated犹豫。根据上文“wecontinuedthe

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ofsayingyes”可知，作者和儿子继续尝试新事物，没有犹豫就接受了骑马比赛的邀请。故选D。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有赢得奖品，但我们都在笑，满身大汗，非常兴奋。A.puzzled困惑的；B.touched感动的；C.excited兴奋的；D.disappointed失望的。根据上文“wewerebothlaughing,sweaty”可知，他们玩得很开心，感觉很兴奋。故选C。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是在度假时说“是”的美丽之处：它将我们推出舒适区，尽管并不是总能对日常生活中一切都说“是”。A.risk冒险；B.beauty美好；C.cost成本；D.duty职责。根据下文“itpushesusoutofourcomfortzone,thoughit’snotalwayspossibletosayyestoeverythinginourdailylife.”可知，这里指的是说“是”的美好之处。故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养一种冒险精神有助于我们充分体验生活——即使有时我们会又冷又湿。A.devotion奉献；B.identity身份；C.adventure冒险；D.happiness幸福。结合全文，文章主要讲作者鼓励儿子尝试新事物，培养他敢于冒险的精神。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。TheChinesedelegation(代表团)concludedthe2024ParisOlympicswitharemarkableachievementof40goldmedals.404athletes____11____participatedin232eventsacross30sportswonatotalof91medals.Thisrepresentsa____12____(significance)breakthrough—Chineseathleteshavedemonstratedhugepotentialinsportswherewehavebeenlatestarters,whileholdingtheleadingpositionineventssuchasdivingandtabletennis.TheParisOlympicsprovidedaglobalplatformforChina____13____(show)itssportsmanship,confidenceandopenness.【答案】11.who12.significant13.toshow【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国代表团在2024年巴黎奥运会上的优异表现和成就。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：404名运动员参加了30个大项中的232个小项比赛，共获得了91枚奖牌。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：这代表了一个重要的突破——中国运动员在我们起步较晚的项目中展现了巨大的潜力，同时在跳水和乒乓球等项目中保持领先地位。空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词作定语。significance的形容词形式为significant“重要的”。故填significant。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：巴黎奥运会为中国提供了一个向世界展示其体育精神、自信和开放的全球平台。provideaplatformforsb.todosth.“为某人提供做某事的平台”，不定式作后置定语。故填toshow。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Recently,Iattendedahighschoolreunion.AsIwalkedintotheroom,arushofemotionsovercameme.FacesthatIhadn’tseeninyears____14____(smile)backatme.Memoriesofcarefreedaysinouryouthfloodedback.Werecalledtheclasses,thesportseventsandthetricks.____15____thatwonderfulevening,wetalkedaboutourdreamswehadatthattimeand____16____lifehadunfoldedsince.Wereconnectedwitholdfriends,____17____(realize)thatthebondsofhighschoolstillheldstrong.【答案】14.weresmiling15.On16.how17.realizing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加高中同学聚会时回忆起青春岁月，与老友重聚的情景。【14题详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年未见的面孔对我微笑。根据AsIwalkedintotheroom可知，空处描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，句子主语Faces为复数名词，be动词用were。故填weresmiling。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：在那个美好的晚上，我们谈论了当时的梦想以及自那以后生活是如何展开的。表示具体某一天的晚上，应用介词on，位于句首首字母大写。故填On。【16题详解】考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，应用连接副词how“如何，怎样”表达“生活是如何展开”，在宾语从句中作状语。故填how。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们与老朋友重新建立了联系，意识到高中的纽带依然坚固。空处在句中作非谓语，动词realize与句子主语We构成主动关系，故用现在分词的形式作状语。故填realizing。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。NowhundredsofBaidu’sApolloGorobotaxisareoperatingonthestreetsofWuhan,Hubeiprovince.Thesevehicles,____18____(equip)withBaidu’slatesttechnologytokeepsafe,havebecomepopular.Peopleareattractedbythecompetitivepriceoffersandgoodservice.Andnewjob____19____(opportunity)willcomewiththerisingdemandforrobotaxis,suchascleaningandrepairing.However,robotaxishavealsoraisedpeople’sconcerns.Thus,moreefforts____20____(require)toenhanceself-drivingtestingandrelatedtechnology.【答案】18.equipped19.opportunities20.arerequired【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，数百辆百度的ApolloGo机器人出租车在湖北武汉的街道上运行，这些车辆受到了广泛欢迎，但是它们的出现也引起了人们的担忧。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些装备了百度最新的安全技术的车辆已经变得很受欢迎。句子的谓语为havebecome，空为非谓语作状语，vehicles与equip构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。故填equipped。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：新的工作机会将随着对机器人出租车（如清洁和修理）需求的增加而出现。opportunity为可数名词，空处作主语，用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填opportunities。【20题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：因此，需要更多的努力来加强自动驾驶测试和相关技术。空处作谓语，efforts与require构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数。故填arerequired。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADisinformation,whichisfalseinformationspreadonpurpose,hasbecomeacauseofconcernrecently.Inresponsetothisrisingglobalthreat,theUnitedNationsInformationCentre(UNIC)Canberraanditspartnerswillbeorganizingatwo-dayconference,DISINFOPACIFIC,onNovember11and12,2024.Theconferencewillfocusonstrategiesforpreventingandreducingdisinformation,aswellasapplyingbestpracticestoaddressthisglobalchallenge.Itaimstoprovideaforum(论坛)forjournalists,socialmediaexperts,educators,researchers,policy-makersandcommunicationsprofessionals,fromwithinandoutsidetheUN.Currently,weareinsearchofsocialmediavolunteerstoprovideonlineassistanceforthisconference.Requirements:·Outstandingoralandwrittencommunicationskills·Professionalgraphic(绘图的)designexperience·Priorinvolvementindesigningdocumentlayouts·In-depthfamiliaritywithgraphicdesignapps·WorkingknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageNote:Adegreeingraphicdesignorarelatedfieldisconsideredaplus.Responsibilities:·Developingacomprehensivesocialmediareleaseplan·Assistinginchoosingtherighttypesofmediaandupdatingconferenceinformationonadailybasis·Workingtogetherwithourcommunicationsteamtocreatesocialmediaactivitiesaccordingtoagreedrequirements·Developingaseriesofsocialmediaresourcesoncethefinalconceptisagreedupon,withaparticularfocusonayouth(universitylevel)studentaudienceJoinusnowasasocialmediavolunteerandhelpbuildafuturewithlessdisinformation.YouwillalsohavetheopportunitytobuildconnectionswiththeUNICCanberraanditspartnersandlearnaboutthewaysinwhichsocialmediacommunicationcansupportthepromotionofaconferencecenteringondisinformation.Findoutmoreat/opportunities.21.Accordingtothepassage,volunteersshould.A.holdadegreeingraphicdesignB.beabletodevelopgraphicdesignappsC.haveagreatcommunicativecompetenceD.beasfluentinEnglishasnativespeakers22.Ifselected,volunteerswill.A.releaseaUNICworkplan B.helpdesignsocialmediaactivitiesC.evaluatethefinalconcept D.provideweeklymediaupdates23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromoteaconference. B.Toseekonlinevolunteers.C.Tohighlightaglobalthreat. D.Tointroduceanorganization.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国信息中心堪培拉分部组织的DISINFOPACIFIC会议，招募社交媒体志愿者的要求和职责。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Requirements:部分“Outstandingoralandwrittencommunicationskills(出色的口头和书面沟通技巧)”可知，志愿者应具备良好的沟通能力。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Responsibilities:部分“Workingtogetherwithourcommunicationsteamtocreatesocialmediaactivitiesaccordingtoagreedrequirements(与我们的通讯团队合作，根据商定的要求创建社交媒体活动)”可知，志愿者将会帮助设计社交媒体活动。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“Currently,weareinsearchofsocialmediavolunteerstoprovideonlineassistanceforthisconference.(目前，我们正在寻找社交媒体志愿者，为此次会议提供在线支持)”可知，本篇文章的主要目的是为DISINFOPACIFIC会议招募在线志愿者。故选B。BI’mwalkingaroundthehousewithaseverelimp(跛行)andactivelysecond-guessingeverydecisionI’veevermadeThatcanonlymeanonething:Ijustranmyoneracefortheyear.The7-mileraceisinmyhometowninIllinois,andI’vebeendoingitalmosteveryyearsinceIwasa12-year-oldboy.Ireachedmypeakabout15yearsagoandhavebeenperformingpoorlyeversince.WhydoIkeepgoingifInolongerenjoyitandamgettingworseeveryyear?Tradition,mostly.Besides,Idon’tdislikethewholerace,justtherunningpart.IlikeseeingalltherunningclubmembersI’veknownsincechildhood,andIlovethefreebeerafterward.Runningisjustaminorblockonthewaytothegoodstuff.Thatday,Iwasaccompaniedtotheracebyagroupofthreeextremelyin-shapepeople.WeallliveinthesameIndianapolissuburb.Theseguysbikeandruncountlessmiles,ofteninthesameday.OnehasdonedozensofSpartanRaces,whichrequiretheplayertocrawlthroughmud,fliptiresandthrowspears.Anotheristrainingforatriathlon(三项全能运动).Inadditiontobeingfasterthanmeonfoot,inthewaterandonwheels,hecanalsooutliftme.Ididn’tholdmuchhopefortherace—nooneputslesspressureonmethanme.Betweenmiles4and5,IfeltsogoodthatIwonderedwhyIonlydothisonceayear.ThenIhitmile6,andmybodywarnedme.IpushedmyselfuntilIhadamileleft,atwhichpointmylegsdecidedtheyweredone.Determinationandacan-doattitudearenomatchforgravityanddistance.Exhausted,Islowlymademywaytothefinishingline.Still,IcanhonestlysayIgaveeverythingIhad.Myslow,plodding(步履艰难的)finishwasactuallyavictorythatprovesIgaveitmyall.Idon’tneedahugecuptohonormyheroicperformance.Myachingkneeisenoughofasouvenir.Adaylater,evenasmyentirebodytellsmeI’manidiot,Ican’thelpbutfeelthattheracewasasuccess.I’vedecidedtokeepdoingthisraceaslongasmylegscansupportme.24.Theauthorrantheracebecause.A.hewantedtokeeptheoldcustom B.hewantedtocompetewithfriendsC.heintendedtobuilduphisbody D.heenjoyedlong-distancerunning25.Whydidtheauthormentionthein-shapepeople?A.Togivehisreasonforlowself-expectation.B.Toshowhisenvyoftheirathleticabilities.C.Toemphasizehisstrongwilltowintherace.D.Toexpresshisconfidenceinfinishingtherace.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorduringtherace?A.Hestruggledfrombeginningtoend.B.Hebrokehislegatthefinishingline.C.Heexperiencedpressurefromhimself.D.Hepushedhimselftothelimitstomakeit.27.Howdidtheauthorfeelaftertherace?A.Surprised. B.Satisfied. C.Regretful. D.Grateful.【答案】24.A25.A26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己坚持参加每年在家乡举办的7英里赛跑的经历，尽管跑步过程艰难且成绩不佳，但因传统、赛后社交及免费啤酒等因素，他依然视其为一种乐趣并决定继续参加。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhydoIkeepgoingifInolongerenjoyitandamgettingworseeveryyear?Tradition,mostly.(如果我不再喜欢它，而且成绩一年比一年差，我为什么还要继续下去呢？主要是，传统。)”可知，作者参加比赛是因为他想保持旧习俗。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theseguysbikeandruncountlessmiles,ofteninthesameday.OnehasdonedozensofSpartanRaces,whichrequiretheplayertocrawlthroughmud,fliptiresandthrowspears.Anotheristrainingforatriathlon(三项全能运动).Inadditiontobeingfasterthanmeonfoot,inthewaterandonwheels,hecanalsooutliftme.(这些人日复一日地骑行和跑步，里程数多达数百公里。其中一人已经完成了数十场斯巴达勇士赛，这些比赛要求参赛者穿越泥潭，翻转轮胎和投掷长矛。还有一个人正在为一场铁人三项赛做准备。除了在陆地、水域和骑行方面比我跑得快，他还能比我举得更重。)”可知，作者描述了这些人与他的不同之处，比如他们骑行和跑步的距离更长，参加过斯巴达比赛，训练铁人三项等，这些都表明他们比作者更有运动能力。因此，作者提到这些人是为了给自己的低期望找到合理的解释。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“ThenIhitmile6,andmybodywarnedme.IpushedmyselfuntilIhadamileleft,atwhichpointmylegsdecidedtheyweredone.(当我跑到6英里时，我的身体发出了警告。我逼着自己，直到我还剩一英里，这时我的腿觉得不行了。)”以及“Determinationandacan-doattitudearenomatchforgravityanddistance.Exhausted,Islowlymademywaytothefinishingline.(决心和“我能行”的态度战胜不了重力和距离。我筋疲力尽，慢慢地向终点线走去。)”可知，作者拼尽全力完成比赛，直到最后一英里腿已经无法再跑下去，因此可以得知作者在比赛中竭尽全力。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Myslow,plodding(步履艰难的)finishwasactuallyavictorythatprovesIgaveitmyall.Idon’tneedahugecuptohonormyheroicperformance.Myachingkneeisenoughofasouvenir.(我缓慢、步履艰难的完赛实际上是一场胜利，证明了我付出了我的一切。我不需要一个巨大的杯子来纪念我的英雄事迹。我疼痛的膝盖足以作为纪念。)”可知，尽管作者身体疼痛，但作者仍然认为比赛是成功的，因为他已经竭尽全力，故推断作者在比赛结束后是十分满意的。故选B。CAspeciescanbetermedtemporarily“lost”afternotbeingsightedforadecade,butresearchersstillhopetofinditagaineventually.In2023,thathopeledtotherediscoveryofAttenborough’sechidna,unseenforhalfacentury.Inspired,ThomasEvansandhisteamhavecreatedadatabaseof856lostand424rediscoveredspecies.Thedatabasekeepsgrowingfasterthanexplorerscankeepupwith,despiteincreasinglyadvancedtechnologiesfortracingunseencreaturesreachinganexpertiselevel.Thestudyindicatesmanyrediscoveredspeciesappeartofollowarathersimilartrend:theyarebig,appealingmammalsorbirdstendingtolivenearhumansandinmore-developedcountries.Thus,Evanssaysifananimalisuptosnuffbutcontinuestobeoutofresearchers’sightafterlongsearches,it’sprobablygoneforever.Onthecontrary,animalsthatdon’texhibitthepatternforeasyrediscoveryareverymuchaliveoutthere.“Becausetheyaregenerallydifficulttocomeacrossandarethereforemetwithlessexploratoryattention,inmostcases,small,unattractivespeciesaremorelikelytobeseeminglyextinctbutstillalive,”Evanssays.EvanshopessuchdetailswillhelpconservationistslikeChristinaBiggs,whohasbeendrawinguponalistof25“mostwanted”speciesforTexas-basedcharityRe:wildsince2017.“Currenuly,Re:wildisfinalizingits2024searchlists,usingthestudy’sresults.Wehavetomakeharddecisionsonwheretoputourmoney,andEvans’sresearchhelpstodirectus,”saysBiggs.Butisitalwaysinalostspecies’bestinteresttobefound?Afterarediscovery,itcantakemonthstosecureanareafromhuntersortourists.“Inpublicizingsomethingyou’verediscovered,you’republicizingafoodsourceforhunters,”saysbiologistJamesKempton.Biggsnotes,however,rediscoveriesoftenstrengthenprotectionefforts.Whenaspeciesisrediscovered,protectedareaswillbemadepossible.Biggsaddsthatforsomehard-to-findspecies,researcherscoulduseEvans’sstudytodecideifacreatureislikelystillalive—andthendrawbroadprotectedareasarounditsgeneralregion,whereotherendangeredspeciesalsolive,ratherthansendpossiblyfruitlessexplorerstotheareatoprovetheanimal’sexistence.Beyondthescientificgains,searchingforlostspeciesplaysacrucialroleinunderstandingandprotectingourworld.Once,theYongsuSaparicommunityusedAttenborough’sechidnasasapeacetooltosettlearguments.“Ifbrothersfought,theyhadtofindanAttenborough’sechidna,asolutionthatisincreasinglydifficult,”Biggssays.“So,everythingisconnected.Everyspeciesbehavesinanecosystemandfulfillsapurpose.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“isuptosnuff”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Fitstheprofile. B.Adaptswell.C.Breaksthehabit. D.Growsmature.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Technologyhasreducedthenumberofmissingspecies.B.Publicizingrediscoverysecuresthefutureoflostspecies.C.Largeranimalsfaceahigherextinctionriskthansmallerones.D.Animalsneighboringhumansreceivemoreattentioninsearches.30.WhatmightChristinaBiggsagreewith?AThenumberofechidnaswillincreaseafteritsrediscovery.B.Exploratorymissionsmattermorethanhabitatpreservation.C.Extinctspeciescomewithbothecologicalandculturallosses.D.ThomasEvanshasinstructedRe:wildtoidentifythe25species.【答案】28.A29.D30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员如何通过创建数据库来追踪和重新发现“失联”物种，并讨论了重新发现物种对保护工作的影响以及公众宣传的双刃剑效应。28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前“Thestudyindicatesmanyrediscoveredspeciesappeartofollowarathersimilartrend:theyarebig,appealingmammalsorbirdstendingtolivenearhumansandinmore-developedcountries.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家)”及划线词后“butcontinuestobeoutofresearchers’sightafterlongsearches,it’sprobablygoneforever.(但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了)”可知，如果一个动物符合重新被发现的标准，即体型大、有吸引力、生活在人类附近或更发达的国家，但在长时间的搜寻后仍未被找到，那么它可能已经永远消失了。故划线词“isuptosnuff”与A项“符合标准”意义相近。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thestudyindicatesmanyrediscoveredspeciesappeartofollowarathersimilartrend:theyarebig,appealingmammalsorbirdstendingtolivenearhumansandinmore-developedcountries.Thus,Evanssaysifananimal

isuptosnuffbutcontinuestobeoutofresearchers’sightafterlongsearches,it’sprobablygoneforever.Onthecontrary,animalsthatdon’texhibitthepatternforeasyrediscoveryareverymuchaliveoutthere.“Becausetheyaregenerallydifficulttocomeacrossandarethereforemetwithlessexploratoryattention,inmostcases,small,unattractivespeciesaremorelikelytobeseeminglyextinctbutstillalive,”Evanssays.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家。因此，埃文斯说，如果一种动物符合标准，但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了。相反，不符合容易重新发现模式的动物很可能仍然活着。“因为它们通常难以遇见，因此得到的探索关注较少，大多数情况下，小型、不吸引人的物种看起来已经灭绝，但实际上仍然活着，”埃文斯说)”可知，人类相邻的动物由于更容易被注意到和重新发现，因此它们受到的关注更多。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beyondthescientificgains,searchingforlostspeciesplaysacrucialroleinunderstandingandprotectingourworld.Once,theYongsuSaparicommunityusedAttenborough’sechidnasasapeacetooltosettlearguments.“Ifbrothersfought,theyhadtofindanAttenborough’sechidna,asolutionthatisincreasinglydifficult,”Biggssays.“So,everythingisconnected.Everyspeciesbehavesinanecosystemandfulfillsapurpose.(除了科学上的收获，寻找失联物种在理解和保护我们的世界中发挥着关键作用。曾经，YongsuSapari社区使用爱登堡针鼹作为一种和平工具来解决争端。“如果兄弟们争吵，他们必须找到一只爱登堡针鼹，但这种情况越来越难，”比格斯说。“所以，一切都是相互关联的。每个物种在生态系统中都有其行为和作用)”可知，比格斯会同意的观点是：灭绝的物种不仅带来生态上的损失，还有文化上的损失。故选C。DOverthesummer,theneuroscientistChristofKochaccepteddefeatonhis25-yearbetwiththephilosopherDavidChalmers,alostwagerthatthescienceofconsciousnesswouldbeallwrappedupbynow.Despitedecadesofresearch,there’slittlesignofsharedunderstandingonconsciousness,withseveralcompetingtheoriesstillbeingdebated.InmynewbookentitledWhy?,Itakehead-onthequestionofwhyit’ssohardtomakeprogressonconsciousness.Thecoredifficultyisthatconsciousnesscannotbeeasilyobserved.Youcan’tlookinsidesomeone’sbrainandseetheirfeelingsandexperiences.Sciencedoesdealwiththingsthatcan’tbeobserved,suchasfundamentalparticles(粒子),quantumwavefunctions(量子波函数),andmaybeevenotheruniverses.Butconsciousnessposesanimportantdifference:inalloftheseothercases,wetheorizeaboutthingswecan’tobserveinordertoexplainwhatwecanobserve.Uniquelywithconsciousness,thethingwearetryingtoexplaincannotbepubliclyobserved.Howthencanweinvestigateconsciousness?Iarguethatwecanaccountfortheevolutionofconsciousnessonlyifwerejectreductionism(简化论)aboutit.Mostconsciousnessresearchersemployareductionistviewoftheuniverse,wherephysicsisrunningtheshow.Thus,insofarastherearesomefuturepossibilitiesleftopenbythearrangementsofparticlesinourbrains,theyaresettledbynothingmorethantherandomchancinessimplicit(含蓄的)inquantummechanics.Somechallengeshaveemergedlatelytothisreductionistmodel.TheneuroscientistKevinMitchellarguesthatthefreewillofconsciousorganismsplaysaroleindeterminingwhatwillhappeninthebrain,overandabovewhatissettledbythelawsofphysics.Evolutionoffersoneofthestrongestchallenges.Naturalselectiononlycaresaboutbehavior,asit’sonlybehaviorthatmattersforsurvival.RapidprogressinAIandroboticshasmadeitclear,however,thatextremelycomplexbehaviourcanexistinasystemthatentirelylacksconsciousexperience.Foranyadaptivebehaviourassociatedwithconsciousness,therecouldbeanonconsciousmechanismthatinspiresthesamebehaviour.Giventhis,itisadeepmysterywhyconsciousnessevolvedatall.Butsupposetheemergenceofbiologicalconsciousnessbringsintoexistenceradicallynewformsofbehavior,overandabovewhatphysicsalonecouldproduce.Perhapsorganismsthathaveconsciousawarenessoftheworldaroundthem,andtherebyfreelyrespondbasedonthatawareness,behaveverydifferentlythanmeremechanisms.Consequently,theysurvivemuchbetter.Withtheseassumptions,wecanmakesenseofnaturalselection’spreferenceforconsciousorganisms.Asaphilosopher,inWhy?,Ideveloparadicalform—theviewthatconsciousnessgoesrightdowntothefundamentalbuildingblocksofreality—aimedataddressingthephilosophicalchallengesofconsciousness,aswellasprovidingaframeworkforscientiststomakeprogressonthescientificissues.Itisapincermovement(钳形运动)ofscienceandphilosophythatwill,ultimately,crackthemysteryofconsciousness.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutconsciousnessfromthispassage?A.Consciousnessevolvesfrombehavior.B.Scientiststheorizeconsciousnesstoobserveit.C.Consciousnesslacksobservablephenomenatostudy.D.Quantumwavefunctionshelpexplainconsciousness.32.AsforKevinMitchell’sargument,theauthoris.A.supportive. B.disapproving. C.neutral. D.uncertain.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Physicists’researchesrejectreductionism.B.Brainworksindependentlyofthephysicsprinciples.C.Thenatureofconsciousnessrequiresfurtherinvestigation.D.Naturalselectionprovesreductionistviewsofconsciousness.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ADebateovertheNatureofConsciousness.B.ConsciousnessandBehavior:APhilosophicalPerspective.C.TheRoleofNaturalSelectioninConsciousnessDevelopment.D.BeyondReductionism:ExploringtheEvolutionofConsciousness.【答案】31.C32.A33.C34.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍当前意识研究领域面临的困境、挑战和新的探索方向，提出超越简化论来解释意识进化的新方向。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thecoredifficultyisthatconsciousnesscannotbeeasilyobserved.Youcan’tlookinsidesomeone’sbrainandseetheirfeelingsandexperiences.（核心困难在于意识不容易被观察。你无法看到某人的大脑内部，无法看到他们的情感和体验。）”可知，意识在人脑内部，不易被观察，因此选项C“意识缺乏可观察的现象用以研究”符合题意。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“TheneuroscientistKevinMitchellarguesthatthefreewillofconsciousorganismsplaysaroleindeterminingwhatwillhappeninthebrain,overandabovewhatissettledbythelawsofphysics.（神经科学家KevinMitchell认为，有意识生物体的自由意志在决定大脑中将发生什么方面起着作用，这超出了物理定律所决定的范围。）”以及接下来的内容“Giventhis,itisadeepmysterywhyconsciousnessevolvedatall.Butsupposetheemergenceofbiologicalconsciousnessbringsintoexistenceradicallynewformsofbehavior,overandabovewhatphysicsalonecouldproduce.（鉴于此，意识为何会进化仍然是一个深奥的谜团。但假设生物意识出现却带来了物理定律单独作用之外的全新行为模式。）”，可以看出作者对于KevinMitchell的观点是支持的。因此，选项A“支持的”符合题意。故选A项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章整体内容，特别是第一段“Despitedecadesofresearch,there’slittlesignofsharedunderstandingonconsciousness,withseveralcompetingtheoriesstillbeingdebated.（尽管经历了几十年的研究，但对意识的理解几乎没有达成共识的迹象，几个相互对立的理论仍在争论中。）”和最后一段“Itisapincermovement(钳形运动)ofscienceandphilosophythatwill,ultimately,crackthemysteryofconsciousness.（科学和哲学的钳形运动，最终将揭开意识的神秘面纱。）”可知，从文中可推断出的是选项C的“意识的本质需进一步研究”。故选C项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第四段“Howthencanweinvestigateconsciousness?Iarguethatwecanaccountfortheevolutionofconsciousnessonlyifwerejectreductionism(简化论)aboutit.（那么我们如何研究意识呢？我认为，只有当我们拒绝关于意识的简化论时，我们才能解释意识的进化。）”可知，文章主要讨论了关于意识的研究和进化，特别是反对简化论的观点，并提出了一个关于意识进化的新框架。因此，最合适本文的标题应是选项D的“超越简化论：探索意识的进化”。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Consideringtheyaretheworld’smostnumerousareasofwater,itissurprisingthatpondsarepoorlyunderstood.Therearemillions—possiblybillions—ofthem.____35____Thisneglectmightnothavematteredifitwerenotforincreasingevidencethatpondsareextremelyimportanthabitatsforwildlifeastheyhaverich,diverseanddistinctivecommunitieswithvariedrareandendangeredspecies.Acros