2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionReadingandThinking素养作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit1ScienceFictionReadingandThinkingⅠ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thenewrobotisgoingtobetested(test)outbyLarry’swife,Claire.

2.Jackdidn’tanswermyquestionandhisfacial(face)expressiondidn’tchange.3.Theboyfeltembarrassed(embarrass)athismistakingastrangerforhisteacher.4.Ithinkbothofthemwillbegladtoaccompany(accompany)ourhonoredguest.

5.Peoplearediscouragedfromparticipatingintoomanyon-siteappointments(appointment)inordertostopfurtherspreadofthevirus.6.Bythesideofthetempletherestands(stand)theDruggistPagoda.7.Theyhavesuspended(suspend)thedeliverysofarastheyhavetocheckthequalityoftheirgoods.

8.Itisbettertodismiss(dismiss)theplayerasheoftenmakestroubleanddoesn’tworkhard.

9.Areyoucarryinganyitemsthatneedtobedeclared(declare)?

10.We’llbearriving(arrive)bycaraboutteno’clockonFridaynight.Ⅱ.选词填空testout,experimentwith,onabusinesstrip,morelike,lookafter,orrather,godowntown,intime,comeupwith,makeanappointmentwith1.Shebehavestowardsmemorelikeafriendthanamother.

2.Iamgoingonabusinesstripwithmybosstomorrow.

3.Theuniversitystudentswilltestoutthecomputerprogramforanybugs.

4.Weshouldadvertiseforsomeonetolookafterthegarden.

5.Scientistsexperimentedwithmilitaryrocketsintheearlyresearch,whichpreparedthegroundforspacetravel.

6.Americans,orratherAfro-Americansaregoodatjazzmusic.

7.Itisnecessaryforyoutomakeanappointmentwiththedoctorbeforeyougotoseehim.

8.Basedonthisplan,themunicipalgovernmenthascomeupwith78detailedtasks,ofwhich45havebeencompletedsofar.

9.Hebrakedhiscarjustintimetoavoidanaccident.

10.IwillneedtogodowntowntotheBankthisafternoon.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.It’sridiculousthatweshouldhavetoqueue,whenwehavealreadygotourtickets.

我们已经拿到了票,尽然还要排队,这很可笑。2.Iamfirmlypersuadedthat(劝服)suchisthefact.

3.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(锁着门).

4.Iadmirehistalent(观赏他的才华)forputtingdifferentelements,colorsandlayersintocontemporaryandfunctionalfashiondesign.

5.Hewasdrawnonbythehopeofimprovinghisownsocialposition(提高自己的社会地位)andthatofhisfamily.

6.Thiscompanypromisedtooffer(承诺供应)real-timetourismproductinventorywithcompetitivepricestoitscompetitors.

7.Thepicturewasnailedonthewallsothatwecouldremindourselvesofourgoals.

这张照片被钉在墙上,以便于我们可以提示自己我们的目标。8.Througheffortonourpart,someofthemmaychangetheirattitude(变更他们的看法),butperhapsnotallcandoso.

9.Onthetopofthemountainstandsanancienttower(耸立着一座古塔).

10.Muchtoouramazement,theydeclaredwaronus(对我们宣战).

Ⅰ.阅读理解Robotshavecertainadvantagescomparedtohumans:Theyareefficient,tireless,canberepairedwhendamagedandtheynevergetsick.ThislasttraithasmadethemthestarduringourfightagainsttheCOVID-19pandemic.Whilehundredsofthousandsofmedicalworkershavefallenilldealingwiththishighlyinfectiousvirusandalotmoreareforcedtostayathomeforfearofgettingthedisease,thisisn’taproblemforrobots.ThisiswhytheCOVID-19outbreakisseenasthe“tippingpoint”—notedTheIndependentSciencereporterAnthonyCuthbertsonforrobotstostarttoreplacehumansincertainjobs.Inareaslikehospitalsandhealthcarefacilities,robotsareusedtoperformhigh-risktasks.InChina,forexample,ahotelinHangzhouemployedarobotnamed“LittlePeanut”todeliverfoodtopeopleunderquarantine(隔离期).InSpain,robotsareabouttobeusedtotestpeopleforthecoronavirus.Ultraviolet-light-disinfection(紫外线消毒)robotsarealsobeingwidelyusedtocleanhospitalcorridorsandwards.“Hospitalsaroundtheworldarewakinguptoautonomousdisinfection,”PerJuulNielsen,CEOofDenmark’sUVDRobots,aleadingcompanymanufacturingdisinfectionrobots,toldForbes.“Wecan’tbuildtheserobotsfastenough.”Innon-medicalcompanies,robotsarealsoreplacinghumanemployeessincetheydon’thavetheproblemofsocialdistancingandwillnevertakesickleave.WalmartandAmazon,forexample,whererobotsarealreadyusedinsorting,packingandshipping,areplanningtoincreasethenumberofrobotsintheirfacilities.Fast-foodchainslikeMcDonald’sarenotonlydeliveringfoodwithrobotsinsomeareas,butalsolookingtousethemascooksandservers.AccordingtofuturistMartinFord,usingmorerobotsthanhumanemployeescanprovetoberewardingforcompaniesevenwhenthepandemicisover.“Peoplewillprefertogotoaplacethathasfewerworkersandmoremachinesbecausetheyfeeltheycanloweroverallrisk,”FordtoldtheBBC.Butthissuddensurge(激增)inrobotdemanddoesn’tmeanthattheytriumphoverhumansineveryaspect.AccordingtoBillSmart,aroboticistatOregonItmightbetruethatrobotshavecertainadvantagesoverhumans,buttheyarestillsecondarytohumaninteraction.【文章大意】这是一篇科普说明文。通过实例说明机器人的用途:在与新冠病毒疫情作斗争中发挥作用,能代替人类做一些人类所不能做的工作等,但这不代表机器人最终能代替人类。机器人的确有优点,但仍旧在人类互动上略输一筹。1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofrobotscomparedtohumans.B.DifferentviewstowardapplyingrobotstofightagainstCOVID-19.C.WhytheCOVID-19outbreakhasfueledrobotdemand.D.Theimportantrolehumansplayincertainareas.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。依据其次段第一句“这正是为什么新冠疫情爆发被看作是机器人在某些特定的工作中起先代替人类的转折点的缘由。”及下文接着讲机器人是如何代替人类做一些特定工作的。可以推断出新冠疫情的爆发,事实上促进了机器人的运用、发展和壮大,故选C。2.Whathasmaderobotsdesirableduringthepandemicaccordingtothetext?A.Theycanberepairedwhendamaged.B.Theytestpeopleforcoronavirusmoreprecisely.C.Theynevergettiredandcanreplacedoctorsandnurses.D.Theyarenotvulnerabletothecoronavirus.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段中“theynevergetsick.ThislasttraithasmadethemthestarduringourfightagainsttheCOVID-19pandemic.”可知,机器人不会生病,它们不受新冠病毒的损害,所以受到人们的欢迎。故选D。3.WhatdoesMartinFordthinkoftheapplicationofrobots?A.Itsbenefitsareappealingandlasting.B.Machinesarelessdisturbingthanhumans.C.Itposesathreattohumanemployment.D.Therearesomeriskswiththeuseofrobots.【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据将来主义者马丁·福特的观点,运用更多的机器人而不是更多的劳动力能够证明这对公司是有回报的。哪怕是在疫情结束以后。可知选A。4.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thedemandforrobotsistoogreattomeet.B.Humaninteractionisessentialinsomeareas.C.Doctorscanmakemoreaccuratejudgmentsthanrobots.D.Robotsneedupdatingtoimprovecontactwithhumans.【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据倒数其次段可知机器人虽然可以替代人类做一些事情,但仅限于做一些机械的工作,比如日常事务等。而在人类情感沟通方面,机器人却达不到要求。这说明人与人之间最重要的超越机器人的品质就是能够互动。因此文章最终一段提到或许机器人在某些特定的品质上优于人类,但它们在人类互动上仍旧略输一筹。故选B。Ⅱ.阅读填句依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SecretsofPeopleWhoStayHappyinSetbacks(挫折)Badthingshappenbothpersonallyandprofessionally.Inthefaceofthesesetbacks,somepeopleseemtofallapart,whileothersfindwaystomoveforwardandcontinuetogetthingsdone.Aretherethingsyoucandotoberesilient(有适应力的)?1

Understandwhatyoucancontrolandwhatyoucan’t.Thefirstistobeclearaboutwhatfactorsareunderyourcontrol.2Asyouareoccupiedinthoseactions,youwillfindthatyoufeelbetteraboutyourworkandwillalsobemoreproductive.

Surroundyourselfwithpeopleevenifyoudon’tfeellikeit.Next,engagewithotherpeople.Whenyouaresadorstressed,youoftendon’twanttobearoundothers.3Whenyoutalkaboutwhatismakingyousadoranxious,youoftenfindthatotherpeoplehavehadsimilarexperiencesthattheycanshare.Inaddition,socialconnectionismotivatingandcanhelpyoutofocusontasksthatneedtobedone.

4Finally,gooutofyourwaytogiveapositiveinterpretation(理解)oftheactionsofothers.Yournegativethoughtswillinfluencetheinterpretationyougivetotheiractionsthatcancauseyoutointeractwiththeirangerormistrust.Theywillnoticeyourattitudeandtreatyouaccordingly.Similarly,whenyouinterprettheactionsofotherpeoplepositively,youaremorelikelytocreategoodinteractionswithothers.

5Theywillalsohelpyoufeelbetter,becauseeachsuccessyouhavewillboostyourattitudetowardthefuture.

A.Lookforaneasywin.B.Giveeveryonethebenefitofthedoubt.C.Theanswertothisquestionisyes—toapoint.D.Butthereareseveraladvantagestosocialengagement.E.Focusonactionsyoucantakethatwillmakeyoursituationbetter.F.Thesestrategieswillhelpyoutominimizetheinfluenceofbadeventsonyourlife.G.Instead,findsomethinginyourworklifethatyoucancompletequicklyandsuccessfully.【文章大意】这是一篇争论文。作者谈论了在挫折中保持欢乐的隐私。1.【解析】选C。上文提到:你是否可以做些什么来提升适应力呢?这里提出了一个问题,该空回答这个问题。C选项“在某种程度上,这个问题的答案是确定的”很好地承接了上文。选项中的thisquestion是关键词,指代上文中提出的问题。2.【解析】选E。上文提到“首先要清晰哪些因素在你的限制之下。”该空“专注于你可以实行的行动,这会让你的境况变得更好。”这正是上文“清晰在你限制之下的因素”的详细体现。E选项中的makeyoursituationbetter对应下文中的feelbetteraboutyourworkandwillalsobemoreproductive。3.【解析】选D。上文,当你感到哀痛或有压力时,你通常不想和别人在一起。设空处表示转折,但是,参与社交活动是有好处的。D选项承接上下文,选项中的socialengagement对应下文中的thatotherpeoplehavehadsimilarexperiencesthattheycanshare。4.【解析】选B。下文“最终,对别人的行为做出主动的说明。”B选项“假定每个人都是无辜的”适合作本段落的小标题,选项中的“benefit”对应下文中的positive。5.【解析】选F。下文“它们也会让你感觉更好,因为每一次胜利都会提升你对将来的看法。”下文“willalsohelp”对应F选项中的“willhelp”,下文是对该空进一步的说明。阅读理解AteamofengineersatHarvard“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents,”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basically,itshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdriveusonadaytodaybasis.”【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,主要说明白哈佛高校的一组工程师受到大自然的启发,创建了第一只机器苍蝇。文章还说明白设计这种机器苍蝇遇到的困难和该飞行装置的应用区域,这种设计为探讨飞行力学和昆虫限制供应了一种新方法。1.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasthedifficultyengineersmetwhilemakingtheroboticfly?A.Theydidnothavesufficientfund.B.Noready-madecomponentswereavailable.C.Therewasnomodelintheirmind.D.Itwa