2021-2022学年北京市重点中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年北京市重点中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷(共75分)I.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanthinktheweatherwillbelikeintheafternoon?A.Cloudy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inacinema.C.Inasupermarket.3.Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?A.Tostudyfurther.B.Togetexperience.C.Tofindanewjob.4.Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Tobookaservice.B.Toaskaboutadelivery.C.Toarrangeameeting.第二节:（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5.Whatisthewoman?A.Abusdriver.B.Acollegestudent.C.Ashopassistant.6.Howmuchwillthewomansavewithadiscount?A.50dollars.B.30dollars.C.20dollars.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.WhichagegroupcanapplyfortheholidayEnglishcourses?A.10to13.B.13to16.C.16to19.8.WhyaretheteenagersputwiththeEnglishfamilies?A.Tohavethembetterfollowcollegerules.B.Tohelpthemreducetheirlivingexpenses.C.TogivethemmorechancestolearnEnglish.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whatmakesafilmgreat.B.Whichfilmtheyprefer.C.Howafilmismade.10.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydotogetherthisweekend?A.Gotoatheatre.B.Workonareport.C.Watchafilmonline.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。TipstoStayHealthyDuringChallengingTimesMaintainaroutineYouwillfeelbetterand11betterwhenyoufollowaroutine.12Itisatreatmentfordepressionandanxiety.Youcancertainlybenefitmentallyandphysicallyfromit.GooutsideSpendingtimeina13environmentappearstobeaneffectivewaytoreducestress.Schedule14timeDosomethingyouenjoy—15,baking,oronlineshopping.II.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenItriedoutforthefootballteamduringthesummerbefore9thgrade,Ineverimaginedhowimportantthissportwouldbecomeinmylife.Footballisa___1___sport,attimesalmostpainful,andpracticesreally___2___ateam’sphysicalandmentallimits.Withouttrustinmyownabilityandastrongsenseofcommitment(投入),Iwouldneverhavemanagedtocontinueafteryearsofhardworkasaplayer,andwithcountless___3___.Inthefirstyear,Iplayedonthedefensiveline.Thiswasanamazing___4___thatgavemeagreatsenseofachievement.Butinthelastgameoftheseason,Iwasseriouslyinjured.Iwasprohibitedfromanyphysicalactivitiesforsixmonths.Aftergoing___5___aseriesofphysicaltreatments,Ireturnedtothefieldasateamcaptain.Ipracticedharderthanevertomakeupformy___6___time.InSeptember,duringmyjunioryear,mynamewasmentionedinthelocalnewspaperasthekeydefensivelinemenontheteam.Afterplayingafantasticseason,Iwasgiventhe___7___ofMostValuablePlayer.___8___,myskillsinfootballdonotmagicallyextendtoothersports.Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.Ihadtohavefour___9___.SinceIcouldnotusemyrightarmfortwomonths,Ihadtolearnhowtowriteandeatusingmylefthand.____10____lifemustgoon.Iknewthatmyownpresenteffortswoulddecidemyfuture,soI____11____thestricttrainingprogramtobuildstrengthandimproveflexibilityinmy____12____.Afteraneight-monthrecovery,Iwasbackoutonthefieldplayingfootball,thesportI____13____.Inthissense,theworldoffootballhastaughtmeanimportantlifelesson:____14____andcommitmentmakewhatseemsimpossible____15____.ThislessonfromfootballisonethatIknowtranslatesthrougheverypartoflife.1.A.tough B.popular C.typical D.dynamic2.A.set B.control C.test D.require3.A.mistakes B.adventures C.accidents D.injuries4.A.performance B.position C.moment D.advantage5.A.with B.over C.through D.into6.A.valuable B.lost C.extra D.regular7.A.pride B.choice C.name D.honor8.A.Unfortunately B.Similarly C.Happily D.Gradually9.A.practices B.tryouts C.seasons D.operations10.A.But B.Or C.So D.And11.A.examined B.changed C.provided D.completed12.A.shoulder B.hand C.leg D.foot13.A.explore B.avoid C.love D.support14.A.Knowledge B.Belief C.Experience D.Opinion15.A.enjoyable B.possible C.sensible D.responsible【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D10.A11.D12.A13.C14.B15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者自己从事足球运动的经历，教会了作者人生中重要的一课：信念和承诺让看似不可能的事成为可能。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：足球是一项艰苦的运动，有时几乎是痛苦的，训练真的考验了一个球队的身体和精神极限。A.tough艰难的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.typical典型的；D.dynamic有活力的。根据“attimesalmostpainful,”可知，足球是一项艰苦的运动。故选A。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：足球是一项艰苦的运动，有时几乎是痛苦的，训练真的考验了一个球队队员的身体和精神极限。A.set设置；B.control控制；C.test测试，考验；D.require要求。根据“ateam’sphysicalandmentallimits.”可知，足球训练考验球队队员的身体和精神极限。故选C。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有对自己能力的信任和强烈的责任感，在经历了多年的伤病后，我不可能继续努力打球。A.mistakes错误；B.adventures冒险；C.accidents事故；D.injuries受伤。根据下文“Butinthelastgameoftheseason,Iwasseriouslyinjured.”和“Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.”可知，作者受过许多次伤。故选D。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个让我很有成就感的职位。A.performance表现；B.position位置；C.moment时刻；D.advantage优势。根据“Inthefirstyear,Iplayedonthedefensiveline.”可知，作者在防守位置上很有成就感。故选B。【5题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：在经过一系列的身体治疗后，我以队长的身份回到了球场。A.with随着；B.over遍及；C.through通过；D.into进入。gothrough经过。根据“Ireturnedtothefieldasateamcaptain.”可知，作者经过治疗康复后重回球场。故选C。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了弥补失去的时间，我比以往任何时候都更加努力地练习。A.valuable有价值的；B.lost失去的；C.extra额外的；D.regular有规律的。根据“Butinthelastgameoftheseason,Iwasseriouslyinjured.Iwasprohibitedfromanyphysicalactivitiesforsixmonths.”和“Ipracticedharderthanever”可知，作者比以往任何时候都更加努力地练习，目的是弥补失去的时间。故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经历了一个梦幻般的赛季后，我被授予了最有价值球员的荣誉。A.pride自豪；B.choice选择；C.name名字；D.honor荣誉。根据“Afterplayingafantasticseason”和“MostValuablePlayer”可知，作者被授予最有价值球员的荣誉。故选D。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的足球技能并没有神奇地延伸到其他运动上。A.Unfortunately不幸地；B.Similarly相似地；C.Happily高兴地；D.Gradually逐渐地。根据“myskillsinfootballdonotmagicallyextendtoothersports.”和后文的作者滑雪受伤可知，作者感到不幸的是，他的足球技能并没有神奇地延伸到其他运动上。故选A。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我做了四次手术。A.practices练习；B.tryouts测试；C.seasons原因；D.operations手术。根据“Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.”可知，作者受伤做了四次手术。故选D。【10题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但生活还得继续。A.But但是；B.Or或者；C.So因此；D.And和。根据上下文可知，“SinceIcouldnotusemyrightarmfortwomonths,Ihadtolearnhowtowriteandeatusingmylefthand.”和“lifemustgoon”之间是转折关系，用连词but。故选A。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我现在努力将决定我的未来，所以我完成了严格的训练计划，增强肩膀的力量和灵活性。A.examined检查；B.changed改变；C.provided提供；D.completed完成。根据“Iknewthatmyownpresenteffortswoulddecidemyfuture,”和“tobuildstrengthandimproveflexibilityinmy___12___.”可知，作者完成了严格的训练计划。故选D。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我现在的努力将决定我的未来，所以我完成了严格的训练计划，增强肩膀的力量和灵活性。A.shoulder肩膀；B.hand手；C.leg腿；D.foot脚。根据上文“Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.”提示可知，作者是肩部受伤，所以通过训练增强肩膀的力量和灵活性。故选A。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过8个月的康复，我又回到了球场上，踢足球，我热爱的运动。A.explore探索；B.avoid避免；C.love喜欢；D.support支持。根据“WhenItriedoutforthefootballteamduringthesummerbefore9thgrade,Ineverimaginedhowimportantthissportwouldbecomeinmylife.”和“Afteraneight-monthrecovery,Iwasbackoutonthefieldplayingfootball,”可知，作者重回球场，说明了他热爱这项运动。故选C。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这个意义上说，足球界教会了我人生中重要的一课：信念和承诺让看似不可能的事成为可能。A.Knowledge知识；B.Belief信念；C.Experience经验；D.Opinion观点。根据上文“Withouttrustinmyownabilityandastrongsenseofcommitment(投入),Iwouldneverhavemanagedtocontinueafteryearsofhardworkasaplayer,”提示可知，信念和承诺让作者完成了许多看似不可能完成的事情。故选B。【15题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从这个意义上说，足球界教会了我人生中重要的一课：信念和承诺让看似不可能的事成为可能。A.enjoyable愉快的；B.possible可能的；C.sensible和情理的；D.responsible负责的。根据“whatseemsimpossible”可知，作者让那些看起来不可能的事情变成可能。故选B。III.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）ABigProblems,SimpleSolutionsInventionsareimprovinghealthandwell-beingincommunitiesaroundtheworld.SpeakersatrecentTEDeventshavesharedsimpleandinexpensivesolutionsthatcansolveeverydayproblems.FUELBRIQUETTES（燃料砖）Inthedevelopingworld,smokefromindoorcookingkillsmorethan2millionchildreneachyear.Infact,it’sthenumberonecauseofdeathofchildrenunderfive.AmySmith,founderofD-LabattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),discoveredawaytomakeasafecookingfuel.Thematerialsheusesisalsofreeandplentiful:farmwaste.Smithinventedalow-costdevicethatturnsfarmwasteintofuelbriquettes.Thesebriquettesproducesmokethatislessdangerousthanthesmokefromotherfuel.Theyalsoburnhotterandlastlonger.Farmerscanmakethesebriquettesfromreadilyavailablewaste.Thisinventionhasaneconomicbenefit,too.Farmerscanbuythedevicefor$2andsellbriquettestheydon’tuse.Smithestimates(估算)thatthiscanincreaseafarmer’sincomeby$500amonth.DISASTERSHELTERSOver31millionpeopleworldwidelosetheirhomeseveryyearduetonaturaldisasterssuchashurricanesandearthquakes.Afterthesedisasters,manypeopleliveinterribleconditions—intentsorinlargestadiumswithnoprivacy.GraphicdesignerMichaelMcDanielinventedinexpensiveandtemporaryhousingforpeopleinthesesituations.CalledtheReactionEx,thesesheltersaresmall,one-roomhousesthatcomfortablyholduptofourpeople.They’remadefromaplasticthatisstrong,recyclable,andsuperlight.Infact,they’resolightthattheycanbeliftedbyhandandareveryportableaswell.McDanielhopesthathisinventionwillprovideanaffordablesolutiontohelppeoplerebuildtheirlivesafteranaturaldisaster.16.Thekeygoaltoinventthefuelbriquettesisto________.A.increasefamilyincomeB.makefulluseoffarmwasteC.getfreeandplentifulcookingfuelD.protectkidsfromdangerouscookingsmoke17.Whatarethefeaturesofdisastershelters?A.Lightandaffordable. B.Heavyandrecyclable.C.Bigandcomfortable. D.Smallandbreakable.18.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplaindesignmethods. B.Tointroducenewinventions.C.Toreportresearchfindings. D.Toadvertiselatestproducts.【答案】16.D17.A18.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个简单而廉价的解决日常问题的发明。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据FUELBRIQUETTES部分第一段第一句“Inthedevelopingworld,smokefromindoorcookingkillsmorethan2millionchildreneachyear.”（在发展中国家，室内烹饪产生的烟雾每年导致200多万儿童死亡。）和第二句“discoveredawaytomakeasafecookingfuel”（发现了一种制造安全烹饪燃料的方法）可知，发明燃料型煤的关键目标是保护孩子们远离危险的炊烟。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据DISASTERSHELTERS部分第二段第二句“They’remadefromaplasticthatisstrong,recyclable,andsuperlight.”（它们是由坚固、可回收、超轻的塑料制成的。）可知，灾难避难所的特点之一是很轻，根据最后一句“McDanielhopesthathisinventionwillprovideanaffordablesolutiontohelppeoplerebuildtheirlivesafteranaturaldisaster.”（麦克丹尼尔希望他的发明能够提供一种经济实惠的解决方案，帮助人们在自然灾害后重建生活。）可知，灾难避难所是经济实惠的。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“SpeakersatrecentTEDeventshavesharedsimpleandinexpensivesolutionsthatcansolveeverydayproblems.”（在最近的TED活动上，演讲者们分享了一些简单而廉价的解决日常问题的方法。）可知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍新发明。故选B项。BCompassionmaybesomethingthatoneisbornwith,butactuallybeinggoodatcaringforothersrequiresexperienceandacertainsetofskills.AnearlyopportunitytodevelopandpracticetheseskillscamewiththebirthofmybrotherwhenIwasin5thgrade.Althoughittookgreatpatiencetodealwithasmallchild,Ifounddeepjoyinsomethingsosimpleaswatchinghimgrowdaybyday.NotonlydidIenjoytakingcareofmylittlebrother,butIvolunteeredattheOrganizationforSpecialNeedsFamilies(OSNF)inmyneighborhoodsoIcouldapplyandfurtherdevelopmychildcareskills.IwaspartneredwithMatthew,a10-year-oldwithcurlyblondhairandblueeyes.Hedidn’tlookdifferentfromotherkids,buthehaddifficultycontrollinghisemotions,especiallyanger.Hisbiggestproblemwasthathecouldn’tgotothetoilethimself.EverydayIhadtocleanuphismessifhepoopedinhispants.Itwasjustlikethe“goodolddays”withmylittlebrotherbeforeIsuccessfullytoilet-trainedhim.AlthoughIwasnevergoingtobeabletotoilet-trainMatthew,Iwasabletochangehislifeinanotherway.Wehadswimmingthreetimesaweek,butMatthewwashopelesslyafraidofthewater.Atfirst,Matthewjustsatonthestepsofthepoolanddidnothing.Ipushedhimslowlydownthestairsuntilhewasatlaststandingintheshallowestpartofthepool.Thenextday,Ipushedhimalittlefurtherintothewater.Bythethirdday,hecompletelytrustedmetotakehimintothepool.Maybemylargesizealsohelpedgivehimasenseofsecurity.Hedidnothavetobeafraidofanythingwhena200-poundguywasholdinghimtight.IfeltsoproudasIsawhimstandingthereinthepool,happilyplayingwithotherkidsinthewater.TheOSNFadultleaderstoldmethatIwastheonlyvolunteerwhohadbeenabletotakecareofMatthewwell.IthinkwhatmadethedifferenceisthebeliefIhadinMatthew,likehowIhadalwaysbelievedinmylittlebrother.HelpingMatthew“grow”toovercomehisfearofwatermademerealizethingsdonothappenovernight.Realmagicisaresultofpatience,andmiracleshappenwhenonebelievesinthem.19.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttakingcareofhisbrother?A.Tired. B.Joyful.C.Proud. D.Stressed.20.TheauthorvolunteeredatOSNFbecausehewantedto________.A.useandimprovehischildcareskillsB.createafriendlyneighborhoodC.changethelivesofotherkidsD.getsomeworkexperience21.Withtheauthor’shelp,Matthewfinallycould________.A.controlhisemotions B.playwithhisfriendsC.poopinthetoilet D.standinthepool22.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmatteredmostwhenhehelpedMatthew“grow”?A.Hislargesizeandstrongbody.B.Hisexperienceandknowledge.C.HispatienceandtrustinMatthew.D.Hiswillingnesstotakecareofhisbrother.【答案】19.B20.A21.D22.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者帮助Matthew成长的经历。作者认为他对Matthew的耐心和信任是最重要的。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Althoughittookgreatpatiencetodealwithasmallchild,Ifounddeepjoyinsomethingsosimpleaswatchinghimgrowdaybyday.”虽然照顾一个小孩需要很大的耐心，但看着他一天天长大这样简单的事情，却让我从中找到了深切的快乐。由此可知，作者觉得照顾他的弟弟是快乐的。故选B。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“NotonlydoIenjoytakingcareofmylittlebrother,butIvolunteerwiththeSpecialNeedsFamilyOrganization(OSNF)inmycommunitysothatIcanapplyandfurtherdevelopmychildcareskills.”由此可知，作者在OSNF做志愿者，因为他想利用并提高自己的照顾孩子的技能。故选A。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ipushedhimslowlydownthestairsuntilhewasatlaststandingintheshallowestpartofthepool.”我推着他慢慢地走下楼梯，直到他终于站在池塘最浅的地方。由此可知，在作者的帮助下，Matthew终于可以站在泳池里了。故选D。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“HelpingMatthew“grow”toovercomehisfearofwatermademerealizethingsdonothappenovernight.Realmagicisaresultofpatience,andmiracleshappenwhenonebelievesinthem.”“帮助Matthew“成长”，克服他对水的恐惧，让我意识到事情不是一蹴而就的。真正的魔法是耐心的结果，奇迹发生在相信它们的时候。”由此可知，据作者说，当他帮助Matthew“成长”时，他对Matthew的耐心和信任是最重要的。故选C。CSocialNetworkingSites:AreTheyChangingHumanCommunication?ItishardlynewsthatpeopleareusingtheInternettocommunicatewithothersmoreandmore.Somepeoplefearthatsomedaywewillnolongerfeeltheneedtotalktooneanotherfacetoface.However,somerecentstudiessuggestthatpeoplecommunicate,orstayintouch,evenmorethantheyusedto.Whicheversideyoufallon,whatisclearandwithoutadoubtisthathumancommunicationhaschangedinthe21stcentury.Butresultsofrecentscientificstudiesmayhaveusreconsiderjusthowmuchournewcommunicationformshavechangedourworld.InJune2008,aBritishpsychiatrist,HimanshuTyagi,warnedthatcommunicatingonsocialnetworkingsitescouldhaveanegativeeffectonthegenerationofpeoplebornafter1990.ThisgenerationhasneverknownaworldwithouttheInternet.TyagisaysthatthesepeopleusetheInternettocommunicatewithotherssomuchthattheymayhavetroubleformingrealrelationships.TyagiisconcernedthatpeoplemaystartandendrelationshipsovertheInternet.DescribingtheInternethesaid,“It’saworldwhereeverythingmovesfastandchangesallthetime,whererelationshipsarequicklyendedattheclickofamouse.”Anotherpsychologist,Dr.AricSigman,warnedofthephysicaleffectsthatcomewithusingsocialnetworkingsites.Hesuggeststhatthereductionintheamountoftimewespendinteracting(互动交流)withpeoplefacetofacecouldhavebiologicaleffectsonthehumanbody.Theresultsofhisstudysuggestthat,withoutrealpersonalinteraction,thebodydoesnotreactthesamewayitwouldifpeopleweremeetingfacetoface.Asaresult,immuneresponses,evenhormonelevels,canbechanged.Thesechangesmayleadtothedevelopmentofillnesses,suchascancer.Despitethesewarnings,studiescanbefoundthatshowthepositivesidesofsocialnetworkingsites.Theresultsofonestudyshowthatusingsocialnetworkingsiteshasincreasedtheself-esteem(自尊心)ofyoungadults.Anothersuggeststhatcollegestudentsusingthesesitesfeelmore“connected”withpeoplewhentheyusethem.Inadditiontoscientificstudies,therearemanywhofeelthatthebenefitsofsocialnetworkingsitesoutweighthepossiblenegativesides.Manypeople,especiallythosewhospendalotoftimeathome,forvariousreasons,findtheInternetalifeline.Theyareabletocommunicatewithmanypeopleusingthesesites.Perhapsthekeytothisnewcommunicationstyleisself-controlandcommonsense.IfsomeonespendsallofhistimeontheInternet,andneveractuallyseesfriendsfacetoface,thatseemslikeanunhealthywaytolive.ButifsomeonespendstimeontheInternet,someofwhichisspentarrangingmeetingsfor“real”timetogether,thenitseemsalmostcomplementary(互补的).Balanceisthekeytokeepingcommunicationaliveandwellinthe21stcentury.23.WhichofthefollowingideasmayHimanshuTyagiagreewith?A.Socialnetworkingsitesharmpeopleofallages.B.TheInternetweakensyoungpeople’srelationships.C.TheuseoftheInternetimprovespeople’simmunesystem.D.Theonlineworldpushespeopletoliveafasterandbetterlife.24.WhatisDr.AricSigman’smajorconcernaboutusingsocialnetworkingsites?A.Itwillstoptheface-to-faceinteraction.B.Itreducestheself-esteemofyoungadults.C.Itmaycausesomeserioushealthproblems.D.Itmakespeoplefeellessconnectedwithothers.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweigh”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Aregreaterthan. B.Areheavierthan.C.Aremoreeffectivethan. D.Aremoredifficultthan.26.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA. B.C. D.【答案】23.B24.C25.A26.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了社交网站改变人类沟通方式的好处和弊端，并强调了平衡两者关系的重要性。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“TyagisaysthatthesepeopleusetheInternettocommunicatewithotherssomuchthattheymayhavetroubleformingrealrelationships.TyagiisconcernedthatpeoplemaystartandendrelationshipsovertheInternet.(Tyagi说，这些人使用Internet与他人进行交流太多，以至于他们可能难以建立真正的关系。Tyagi担心人们可能会通过Internet建立和终止关系)”可知，HimanshuTyagi可能同意互联网削弱了年轻人的关系这个观点。故选B项。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theresultsofhisstudysuggestthat,withoutrealpersonalinteraction,thebodydoesnotreactthesamewayitwouldifpeopleweremeetingfacetoface.Asaresult,immuneresponses,evenhormonelevels,canbechanged.Thesechangesmayleadtothedevelopmentofillnesses,suchascancer.(他的研究结果表明，如果没有真正的个人互动，人体的反应就不会像人们面对面时那样。结果可以改变免疫反应，甚至激素水平。这些变化可能导致疾病的发展，例如癌症)”可知，Dr.AricSigman担心的是使用社交网站可能会导致一些严重的健康问题。故选C项。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Despitethesewarnings,studiescanbefoundthatshowthepositivesidesofsocialnetworkingsites.Theresultsofonestudyshowthatusingsocialnetworkingsiteshasincreasedtheself-esteem(自尊心)ofyoungadults.Anothersuggeststhatcollegestudentsusingthesesitesfeelmore“connected”withpeoplewhentheyusethem.(尽管有这些坏处，但研究表明社交网站的积极方面。一项研究的结果表明，使用社交网站提高了年轻人的自尊心。另一个表明，使用这些网站的大学生在使用这些网站时会感觉与他们之间的联系更多)”可知，此处表明使用社交网站的益处大于弊端。由此推知，划线词意为“超过”。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butresultsofrecentscientificstudiesmayhaveusreconsiderjusthowmuchournewcommunicationformshavechangedourworld.(但是，最近科学研究的结果可能使我们重新考虑新的交流形式已经改变了我们的世界)”是总述句也是文章的主旨句。第二段中“HimanshuTyagi,warnedthatcommunicatingonsocialnetworkingsitescouldhaveanegativeeffectonthegenerationofpeoplebornafter1990.(HimanshuTyagi警告说，在社交网站上进行交流可能会对1990年以后出生的人产生负面影响)”可知，这是分论点之一。第三段中“Hesuggeststhatthereductionintheamountoftimewespendinteracting(互动交流)withpeoplefacetofacecouldhavebiologicaleffectsonthehumanbody.(他表明减少我们与人面对面互动所花费的时间，可能会对人体产生生物上的影响)”是支持分论点一。结合“Despitethesewarnings,studiescanbefoundthatshowthepositivesidesofsocialnetworkingsites.(尽管有这些坏处，但研究表明社交网站的积极方面)”可知，这是分论点之二。同时，第四段中“Anothersuggeststhatcollegestudentsusingthesesitesfeelmore“connected”withpeoplewhentheyusethem.(另一个表明，使用这些网站的大学生在使用这些网站时会感觉与他们之间的联系更多)”支持分论点二。根据最后一段中“ButifsomeonespendstimeontheInternet,someofwhichisspentarrangingmeetingsfor“real”timetogether,thenitseemsalmostcomplementary(互补的).Balanceisthekeytokeepingcommunicationaliveandwellinthe21stcentury.(但是，如果有人花时间在Internet上，其中一些花在安排面对面交流，那么似乎是可以互补的。寻求平衡是在21世纪保持沟通畅通无阻的关键因素)”可知，此句是对文章的总结。D项行文结构符合文章行文脉络。故选D项。DAttheheartofpsychologyisunderstandingbehavior,andunderstandingbehaviorhasmuchtodowithunderstandingthebrain.Neuroscientists(神经系统科学家)havebecomemoreefficientatmappingthebrainandhavegainedmoreunderstandingofhowthebraindevelopsandworks.Truly,differencesinbehaviorasweageandbetweengenders,aremostlikelyexplainedbythephysicalstateofandchangesinourbrains.Aroundtheageof12itisbelievedthattheareasofthebrainthatareusedmostwillbestrengthenedandcellsinthebrainthatarenotusedtendtodie.Whatyoudowithyourbraininyourteenyearsprobablydecideshowyourbrainwillworkfortherestofyourlife.IfateenspendsendlesshourswatchingTV,theneuralconnectionsthathelpthebrainprocessTVarewhatwillbestrengthened.Itisclear,therefore,thathowyoungpeoplespendtheirtimeisofgreatimportance.Surprisingly,anddifferentfromearlierbeliefs,thebrainisstilldevelopingevenintheearlytwenties.Areasofthebrainthatarerelatedtoemotion,decisionmaking,reasoning,andproblemsolvingarestillnotfullydeveloped.Thismaygosomewaytowardexplainingwhycaraccidentratesinyoungpeoplearesignificantlyhigherthanthoseamongolderpeople.Youngpeopledon’thavethenecessaryskillstomakecomplexjudgmentswhiledriving.Therearealsodifferencesinthewaybrainsdevelopwhenitcomestogender.Itappearsthatgirlsarereadytoprocessmorechallenginginformationearlierthanboys,withtheareaofthebrainresponsibleforthisactivitypeakingattheageof14to16inboys,afulltwoyearslaterthangirls.Inaddition,studieshaveshownthatgirlsandboysprocesslanguageinputindifferentpartsoftheirbrains.Girlstypicallytendtodobetterthanboysinlanguage,whichmeansthattheyhavemorebrainmatterresponsibleforlanguageskills.Thiskindofresearchraisesimportantquestionsabouthowboysandgirlsshouldbetaughtinschooltomaximize(使最大化)theirlearning.Forexample,theideaofsingle-sexeducationshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsideration.Expertssaythatwewoulddowelltorevisitthetimingofthesubjectstaughtinschool,assomepartsofthebraindevelopbeforeothers.Additionally,whatweunderstandabouttheteenagebrainshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsiderationwhenlawsarebeingmadewithregardtotheminimum(最低的)drivingage.27.Accordingtothepassage,youngpeoplearemorelikelytohavecaraccidentsbecause_______.A.theyfailtorealizetheimportanceofskillsB.theydon’thavethenecessaryskillsindrivingC.certainareasintheirbrainsarenotfullydevelopedD.theirbrainstendtobeinfluencedbytheiremotions28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Earlierbeliefsshowthebrainisstilldevelopingintheearlytwenties.B.Girlsarebetteratlanguagebecausetheyaredevotedtolanguagelearning.CHowpeoplespendtheirtimewhenthey’reteenagersaffectstheirfuturelife.D.Gendermakesnodifferencewhenitcomestothephysicalstateofthebrain.29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.single-sexeducationmaybenefitteenagersB.thetimewhenschoolstartsshouldbeputoffC.lawmakerswilllowertheminimumdrivingageD.thenumberofsubjectsinschoolmightbechanged30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AgeandtheBrain B.GendersandtheBrainC.MappingtheBrain D.TheDevelopingBrain【答案】27.C28.C29.A30.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类的大脑在不断的发展。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Areasofthebrainthatarerelatedtoemotion,decisionmaking,reasoning,andproblemsolvingarestillnotfullydeveloped.Thismaygosomewaytowardexplainingwhycaraccidentratesinyoungpeoplearesignificantlyhigherthanthoseamongolderpeople.”可知，大脑中与情感、决策、推理论证和问题解决有关的大脑区域尚未发育完全，这可以解释为何年轻人的交通事故发生率显著高于中老年人。C选项“大脑中的某些区域尚未发育完全”符合原文。完成题目时应注意排除干扰项B，第三段最后一句提到年轻人缺乏的是驾驶时做出复杂判断的必要能力（makecomplexjudgmentswhiledriving），而不是缺乏驾驶的必要能力，B选项偷换概念。综上应选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。原文第二段举了12岁左右的青少年看电视的例子，并明确指出“Whatyoudowithyourbraininyourteenyearsprobablydecideshowyourbrainwillworkfortherestofyourlife.”（在青少年时期你用你的大脑干什么很可能会决定余下的一生你的大脑是如何运转的），文中提到如果青少年没完没了地看电视，那么大脑中与此有关的细胞就会活跃发达，其它部分会退化，并总结道“Itisclear,therefore,thathowyoungpeoplespendtheirtimeisofgreatimportance”，因此，年轻人怎样花他们的时间（对他们的未来发展、未来生活）十分重要。由此判断出，人们在青少年时期如何打发时间会影响他们未来的生活。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。本题问的是从最后一段可以推断出什么，在倒数第二段文章提到男女性别不同，大脑发展规律有别，最后一段进一步说这样的研究提出了一个问题——即学校应该如何教育男孩和女孩最大限度地提高他们的学习能力？紧接着作者举了例子“Forexample,theideaofsingle-sexeducationshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsideration.”（例如，男女分开、因才施策的点子或许应该被纳入考虑），结合前文的内容可合理推断，这里的“纳入考虑”正是基于这种教育或许对青少年有益，由此推断出分男女的教育对青少年有益，故选A。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Neuroscientists(神经系统科学家)havebecomemoreefficientatmappingthebrainandhavegainedmoreunderstandingofhowthebraindevelopsandworks.Truly,differencesinbehaviorasweageandbetweengenders,aremostlikelyexplainedbythephysicalstateofandchangesinourbrains.”可知，神经科学家在绘制大脑图谱方面变得更加高效，对大脑的发育和运作有了更多的了解。的确，随着年龄的增长和性别的差异，很可能是由我