医学英语汉译英

——fromChinesetoEnglishTranslationofMedicalEnglish

AliciaXuadj.+n.in+abstractnounonestem,andtwobranchesadjectivesusedtoexpressdegree“asetofadjectives+thesamenoun”predicateadjective+prep.UsefulstructuresinTranslationofphraseona…basisn.+infiniten+be+infiniteThemore…themore(less)participlephraseadj.+n.“发病率高”（n.+adj.）“highincidence”（adj.+n.）e.g.伤口血肿差不多都是由止血不完善所致。Woundhematomaisalmostalwayscausedbyimperfecthemostasis.如果婴儿的饮食中维生素D含量不足就会引起佝偻病。RicketswillresultifthereisaninsufficientamountofvitaminDinthedietofaninfant.我们的研究显示20例这类儿童中有8例神经系统预后不良。Ourstudyreportedthat8of20suchchildrenhadpoorneurologicaloutcomes.口臭可由口腔卫生不好和脓溢或者由扁桃体、腺样组织以及鼻腔黏膜的慢性感染而引起。AAnodorousbreathmayresultfromimproperoralhygieneandpyorrheaorfromchronicinfectionofthetonsils,adenoidornasalmucosa.B血气恶化可能表示心血管功能下降，而不是肺疾病的恶化。01Deterioratingbloodgasesmayindicatedecreasingcardiovascularfunctionratherthanaprogressionofthepulmonarydisease.022.in+abstractnoun例1：这些药物的成分是不同的ThecompositionofthesepillsaredifferentThesepillsaredifferentincomposition例2：白细胞的数量比红细胞少得多，数量之比约为1：600Thewhitecellsaremuchfewerinnumberthantheredcells,aboutoneto600.

例3：无论是酸性、碱性还是中性，多数药物主要是从小肠吸收的。

Mostdrugs,whetheracidic,basic,orneutralincharacter,areabsorbedmainlyfromthesmallintestine.

例4：人眼的结构和功用很像一个照相机。

Theeyeismuchlikeacamerainstructureandaction.Thegenesoneachchromosomearearrangedinpairsandinstrictorder,witheachgeneoccupyingaspecificlocationorlocus.每条染色体上的基因成对地排列，有严格的次序，每一个基因占据特定的位置（又称基因座）。3.Onestem,andtwobranches以名词为中心词，后面跟两个介词短语。第一个介词往往时of，第二个是其他介词，两个介词短语都修饰中心名词，综合起来构成一个复杂的概念。写作中运用这种结构，可以使得句子语言简洁，突出概念，言简意赅。例1：感染物吸入到肺是肺脓肿的最常见病因。Aspirationofinfectiousmaterialintothelungisthemostcommoncauseoflungabscess.例2：像呕吐一样，腹泻也是身体防止中毒的一种自然保护作用。Likevomiting,diarrheaisanaturalprotectionofthebodyagainstpoisoning.例3：将小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中）能引起其体内粒细胞总数增加，包括粒细胞的祖代细胞和循环中的粒细胞。01Short-termexposureofmicetobenzeneledtoanincreaseinthetotalnumberofgranulocyte,includingprogenitorcellsandcirculatinggranulocytes.02例4：治疗无排卵子宫出血的首要目标应是将增生型的子宫内膜转化为分泌型的子宫内膜。Thetreatmentofanovulatorybleedingshouldhaveasitsfirstaimthetransformationofproliferative(endometrium)intosecretoryendometrium.有时，名词后面可有三个介词短语。这种损伤导致体液从血液向组织渗漏。Suchdamageresultsintheleakageoffluidfromthebloodintothetissues.第二个短语也可以是不定式短语

肾小管对这些物质的吸收能力不是无限的。Thecapacityofthetubulestoabsorbthesesubstancesisnotunlimited.Thebodyneednutrition.Theneedofbodyfornutrition01024.Adjectivesusedtoexpressdegree尿中出现可以检测到的（一定量的）葡萄糖称为糖尿。Thepresenceofappreciableamountsofglucoseintheurineisknownasglycosuria.血液中出现了尿酸的明显增多。Therehasbeenanappreciableincreaseofuricacidintheblood.AppreciableConsiderableMarkedSignificantappreciable/considerable/marked/significantincrease这种药（依地酸钙钠）对急性和慢性铅中毒是有效的，它可引起明显增加的尿铅排出。Thedrug(sodiumcalciumedetate)iseffectiveinacuteandchronicleadpoisoning;itproducesamarkedincreaseintheurinaryexcretionoflead.

骨盆检查显示外阴有明显的炎症。

Pelvicexaminationshowsthatthereisconsiderableinflammationofthevulva.AD患者血浆中P物质浓度相对于对照组有显著增加(P<0.01);PatientswithADhadsignificantincreaseinplasmalevelofSubstancePcomparedwithcontrols(P<0.01).如果血液被过多摄入的液体所稀释，尿的排出就会增加。Ifthebloodisdilutedbyanexcessiveintakeoffluidstheoutputofurineisincreased.普萘洛尔确实有效，它可较大程度地增加很多患者的运动耐受性。Propranololdoeshaveademonstrableeffect,andinmanypatientsitwillincreaseexercisetoleranceconsiderably.demonstrable0102先天畸形可引起相当比例的婴儿死亡。Congenitalabnormalitiescauseafairproportionofinfantdeaths.fair这种有轻微麻醉作用的药物在腹部手术中是有价值的。Thedrugisofvalue,withlightanesthesia,inobtaininggreaterrelationinabdominalsurgery.light大出血必须及时加以控制，否则就需进行手术。Massivebleedingmustbebroughtundercontrolimmediately,otherwiseanoperationisindicated.Massive0102当你剧烈运动时，体内产生废物，这些物质对于神经系统具有轻度的毒性。01Whenyouexercisevigorously,wasteproductswhichactasmildpoisonstothenervoussystemareformed.mild(slight)02除了主动脉反流，如果还存在有一定程度的主动脉狭窄，通常会出现（左心室）中度扩张。Ifconsiderableaorticstenosisexistsalongwithregurgitation,moderateenlargementistherule.moderate普萘洛尔在降低动脉血压上也有适当的作用。Propranololalsohasamodesteffectinreducingarterialbloodpressure.Modest这些事实几乎结论性地表明吸烟习惯与随后发生的冠状动脉疾病之间的紧密联系。Thesealmostconclusivelyindicateastrongassociationbetweenthehabitofcigarettesmokingandthesubsequentdevelopmentofcoronaryarterydisease.Strong5.“asetofadjectives+thesamenoun”todifferentiatevariousdegrees.asmall(limited)numberofacertainnumberofalargenumberofanenormous(vast)numberofA…numberof少数有一些很多极多MinimumamountofaninsufficientamountofMinor(small)amountsofappreciableamountsofvastamountsofaverylargeamountofA(an)…amountof/amountsof最低量不足量的少量一定数量大量超大量的Of…importance没什么重要

oflittle(no)importance不太重要

ofminorimportance十分重要

ofmajorimportance极其重要

ofessential(fundamental/great)importance格外重要

ofparticularimportance至关重要

ofvitalimportance最为重要

offirst(prime/primary/utmost/paramount)importance有深远意义

ofprofoundimportance有治疗意义

oftherapeuticimportance压倒一切的重要意义

ofoverridingimportanceOf…value作用不大

oflittlevalue极大的价值

ofgreat(most/considerable)value有无价值，是有争议的

ofdebatablevalueTheseclinicalfeaturesfrequentlyoccurringinrheumaticfeverareofminordiagnosticvalue.e.g.患风湿热时经常发生的这些临床特征，具有很小的诊断价值。At…intervals交替，间隔有规律地交替出现

atregularintervals

例：疟疾是一种慢性、复发性的感染，以规律交替出现寒战和高热为其特征。

Malariaisachronic,relapsinginfectioncharacterizedbychillsandhighfeveratregularintervals.

例：每4小时重复一次

At4hourintervals/atintervalsof4hoursPay…attentionto应有的注意相当地注意充分关注非常重视密切注意Particularattentionmustbegivento…paydueattentiontopayconsiderableattentiontopayadequateattentiontopaygreatattentiontopaycloseattentionto6.predicateadjective+prep.

adj.+forbeavailablefor有效的例：人工自动免疫对白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎、脊髓灰质炎、狂犬病、落基山斑疹热、猩红热、破伤风、伤寒和百日咳等疾病均有效。Artificialactiveimmunizationisavailablefordiphtheria,measles,mumps,poliomyelitis,rabies,RockyMountainspottedfever,scarletfever,tetanus,typhoidfever,andwhoopingcough.becriticalforbeeffectiveforbesuitableforbeinadequatein不足的04Sincethebodyisdeficientchieflyinwaterandelectrolytes,ratherthanbloodorplasma,fluidreplacementshouldconsistmainlyofsalinesolutions.03bedeficientin缺乏的01例：因为机体主要缺乏水和电解质，而不是缺血或血浆，所以补液主要以盐水溶液为主。02adj.+inadj.+of

becharacteristicof以…为特征beconsciousof意识到bedevoidof不受影响例：没有副作用bedevoidofsideeffectsbedevoidofsideeffectsbeindependentof不受…影响或支配beignorantof不清楚beindicativeof是…的预兆besuggestiveof提示…01例：一般说来，以干燥性鳞屑红斑类型为表现的手癣提示红色毛癣菌感染。02GenerallytineamanumofdryscalyanderythematoustypeissuggestiveofTrichophytonrubruminfection.03becentralto成为…的中心环节bedetrimentalto对…有害bedeleteriousto对…有害bevulnerableto易受…的损伤adj.+tobesusceptibleto易受到损伤的，易发…病的例：本研究指出，抑郁者更易心脏病发作。Ourstudyhasindicatedthatpeoplewithdepressionaremoresusceptibletoheartattacks.becompatiblewith与…相符合01besynchronouswith与…一致（同步）的04becontiguouswith与…接触，与…相连02beisotonicwith与…等渗的03adj.+with例：该婴儿的临床表现与宫内感染是相符合的。01Thisinfant’sclinicalpictureiscompatiblewithanintrauterineinfection.02例：子宫的杂音与母体的脉搏是一致的。03Theuterinesouffléissynchronouswiththematernalpulse.047.OfphraseUsedatthebeginningofsentencesasadverbialmodifier,indicatingrangeorscope.在研究的全部手术病例中，40％是…Ofthetotaloperationsstudied,40percentwere…在入院的64例患者中，35人接受了手术治疗，29人接受了药物治疗。Ofthe64patientsadmitted,35weretreatedsurgicallyand29medically.(Of短语也可以用在后面)有64例患者住进我们医院，其中35人接受了手术治疗，其余29人接受了药物治疗。Sixty-fourcaseswereadmittedtoourhospital,ofwhom35weretreatedsurgicallyandtheremaining29medically.8.Ona…basisonaregularbasis=regularly此短语的功能相当于形容词或名词的副词形式所起的状语作用。01必须对患者进行仔细的体格检查并且定期复查。Ameticulousphysicalexaminationmustbeperformedandrepeatedonaregularbasis.onamoment-to-momentbasis＝frommomenttomoment02对患者进行逐个分析时，病损大小在10mm及以上者（总数为63），其空气对比钡剂灌肠敏感度为48％，CT结肠造影为59％，结肠镜检率为98％。Whenanalyzedonaper-patientbasis,forlesions10mmorlargerinsize(n=63),thesensitivityofaircontrastbariumenema(ACBE)was48%,computedtomographiccolonography(CTC)59%,andcolonoscopy98%.视个体情况而定

onanindividualbasis=individually频繁地

onafrequentbasis=frequently实验性质地

onaexperimentalbasis=experimentally世界范围内地

onaworldbasis=worldwide长期地，永远地

onapermanentbasis=permanently不定时偶尔的

onatime-contingentbasis=time-contingently每天地

onadailybasis=daily9.n+infinite名词的后置定语多用介词短语，分词短语或定语从句。但有时不定式也可以，主要限于一些抽象名词。激光影像镜检最突出的一点是能使手术操作创伤性小而又省钱。Themostremarkablethingaboutvideolaseroscopyisitspotentialtomaketheprocedureslessinvasiveandcostly.手术消毒所需的时间取决于被消毒物品的性质。123Thetimeofoperationtoachievesterilitydependsonthenatureofthematerialbeingsterilized.410.n+be+infinite40岁以上的患者近期开始出现消化不良的症状时，首先应排除的是胃癌。Whenconfrontedwithdyspepticsymptomsofrecentorigininapatientover40yearsthefirstnecessityistoexcludegastriccancer.11.Themore…themore(less)胎膜破裂的时间越长，宫内感染发生的可能性就越大。Thelonge