统考版2025届高考英语一轮复习板块5从句和句式的运用第2讲定语从句教师用书教案新人教版

PAGE第2讲定语从句[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The80，000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759．4．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.1．考查定语从句的关系代词；2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。短文改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.what→which2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.what→that3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.where→when4．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.which→where或which前加in1．关系代词的缺失；2．关系副词的错用；3．关系代词与关系副词的错用；4．关系代词前介词的缺失。考点一关系代词引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·哈尔滨调研)Badalingisthemostfamousofthefivesectionswhich/thatliesnearBeijingandcanbeaccessedeasily.2．(2024·四平模拟)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewho/thataretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.3．(2024·北戴河联考)Whentravelling,wewillenjoyourselvesandlearnsomethingfromtheexploration，whichattractsmeverymuch.4．(2024·石家庄模拟)AsisoftenthecaseinChina,foreignfirmswillfacebigbarriers.5．(2024·太原三模)AnyonewhoiscaughtprovidingfoodforSanFrancisco'spigeonscouldfaceaheavyfine.6．(2024·济宁联考)Mr.Liuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedwithonthebus.7．(2024·秦皇岛模拟)Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfootwillgainweightquickly.Ⅱ.单句改错8．(2024·南充市统考)ThesongIsangwasCountryRoad,thatisaveryfamouspieceofAmericancountrymusic.that→which9．(2024·衡水中学联考)Hearingmystory,theheadteacher,thatwasgivinghislecture,praisedmebeforeallthestudents.that→who10．(2024·邯郸市模拟)Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wherewasverykindofhim.where→which[要点解读]1．关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语、状语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewastenyearsago.她已不再是10年前的她了。Ihatetheway(that)shealwayscriticizesme.我厌烦她一贯指责我的方式。Heisadoctor，aswashiswifebeforeshehadchildren.他是医生，他妻子生儿育女之前也是。2．that和which的用法区分只用that的状况先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的状况引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)关系代词指物，且前有介词时ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。3．as和which的区分asas引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话说的那样：“人不行貌相”。[易错提示]as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必需有such，so或thesame等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·吉林省吉大附中模拟)Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldpeoplewhentheyswaminit.2．(2024·曲阜师大附中模拟)Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.3．(2024·威海模拟)IsthistheschoolwheresomeGermanfriendswentlastweek?Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2024·锦州八县市一中联考)OccasionsarequiterarewhereIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids. where→when5．(2024·黄岛区联考)TheSongofChinahassetupastagewhichsomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams. which→where6．(2024·大同模拟)Cheerup!Everyonemayhaveperiodsintheirlivesthateverythingseemstough. that→when[要点解读]关系副词的基本用法关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等)地点状语whythereason缘由状语Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生们应当参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的阅历。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参与会议的缘由吗？考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·枣庄模拟)MichelCroz,withwhosehelpDaisypassedtheexam,wasoneofthestraightAstudentsoftheschool.2．(2024·淄博张店联考)Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.3．(2024·三亚月考)LiLei,forwhomEnglishwasoncedifficult,canspeakEnglishfluentlyasthoughhewereanativespeaker.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2024·保定模拟)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook，whichtherearemanycartoons. which→where或which前加in[要点解读]1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom，且不能省略。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教化所依靠的基本技能。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheorieswhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证明。Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell­educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.许多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的幻想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教化。3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。Thenewly­builtcafé，thewallsofwhich(＝whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个宁静的地方，特殊是在辛苦工作后。【技法点拨】在语法填空中：1．首先找准先行词[有的定语从句并不紧跟在先行词后面，见考点二(题组试做)1、4、6题]，分析句子结构，依据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的运用。(1)假如缺少主、宾、表作定语，需用关系代词；假如缺少状语，则用关系副词。(2)确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是reason还是way等，从而最终确定答案。2．若先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom，若指物，则用which。牢记that与which,as与which的区分。在短文改错中：1．首先识别该句是否为定语从句，然后依据先行词的性质，推断关系词的运用是否正确或缺失，并予以改正或添加。2．依据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来推断关系词的运用是否正确。作主、宾、表语用which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用whose；作状语用when/where/why；作介词宾语用which/whom。3．推断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是限制性定语从句，从而推断句中关系词的运用是否正确。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Inourfactorythereare2，000workers,twothirdsof________arewomen.whom[twothirdsofwhom即twothirdsofthe2，000workers。关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，因此用宾格whom。]2．Afootballfanisaperson________hasastronginterestinfootball.who/that[句意：足球迷是对足球有剧烈爱好的人。分析句子成分可知，此处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，指人可用who/that。]3．Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?whose[此处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语。]4．Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers.when[句意：我恒久也不会遗忘和农夫们一起住在农场的那些年。years是表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故用when引导定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。]5．Weallknowthatthisisthesecondbook________hehaseverwritten.that[句意：我们都知道这是他写过的其次本书。当先行词前有序数词修饰时，要用that引导定语从句。]6．________isoftenthecaseinIndia,foreignfirmswillfacebigbarriers.As[此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语，指代逗号后面整个主句的内容。]7．Itissuchagoodbook________Iwanttobuyimmediately.as[依据句子结构可知，本句含有一个限制性定语从句。先行词为agoodbook，并且从句中缺少宾语，又由于先行词被such修饰，故关系代词只能用as。]8．Ourlifehasreachedthestage________weshoulddecidewhattodoandhowtodoitbyourselves.where[句意：我们的人生已经走到了应当独立确定该做什么和如何去做的阶段了。分析句子结构可知，本句中含有一个定语从句。先行词thestage作为抽象地点，并且从句中缺少地点状语，因此应用关系副词where。]Ⅱ.单句改错1．Westillrememberthedaysonwhichwespentintheoldhouse. ________删除on[关系代词which在从句中作spent的宾语，因此删除介词on。]2．Nancyenjoyedherselfverymuchlastweek，whereshevisitedherfriendsinSydney. ________where→when[先行词lastweek是表示时间的名词，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，因此用关系副词when来引导定语从句。]3．Thescientistwhosetheworkissuccessfulhasbeenmadeamodelworker. ________删除the[该定语从句中名词work前缺少定语，故用whose引导该定语从句。whose与the不能同时运用，故删除the。]4．Theytalkedforaboutanhourofincidents,mostofthemhappenedrecently. ________them→which[两个句子之间没有连词连接，应当把代词them改为具有连接作用的关系代词。介词of后指物的关系代词应用which。]5．Thatday,whatIamlookingforwardto,isaroundthecorner. ________what→which[本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语且先行词是thatday，因此用关系代词which。what不能引导定语从句。]Ⅰ.语法填空(2024·河南省八市重点中学联考)Thetomatoisanutrient­densesuper­foodthatoffersbenefitstoarangeofbodilysystems.Itsnutritionalcontentsupports1．________(health)skin,weightlossandhearthealth.Despitebotanically2．________(be)afruit,it'sgenerallyeatenandpreparedlikeavegetable.Tomatoesarethemajordietarysourceoftheantioxidantlycopene,3．________canreducetheriskofheartdiseaseandcancer.TheyarealsoagreatsourceofvitaminC,potassium,foliate,andvitaminK.Usuallyredwhenmature,tomatoescomeina4．________(various)ofcolors,includingyellow,orange,green,andpurple.Generallyspeaking,cookedtomatoesare5．________convenienttonutrientabsorptionthanrawtomatoes.However,itisnotappropriate6．________(heat)tomatoesathightemperaturesforalongtime.Tomatoescanbepreparedindifferentways.InChinesecuisine,tomatoesare7．________(frequent)usedasagarish(装饰物),addingarefreshingsour­sweetflavor8．________meatydishes.OneofthemosttraditionalChinese9．________(example)ofhome­stylecooking,scrambledeggs(炒蛋)withtomatoes,10．________(reflect)howmuchChinesepeopleenjoythisjuicy,savoryfruit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了西红柿的养分价值以及在中国的食用方法。1．healthy[修饰名词skin，应用形容词。故填healthy。]2．being[此处是动名词作介词despite的宾语。]3．which[引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。]4．variety[考查固定搭配，avarietyof“各种各样的”。]5．more[考查比较级，more...than是固定用法。故填more。]6．toheat[本句为it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填toheat。]7．frequently[用副词修饰动词used。]8．to[add...to“将……加入到”，为固定短语。]9．examples[oneof后跟复数名词，表示“……其中之一”。]10．reflects[oneof...作主语，为第三人称，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。]Ⅱ.短文改错(2024·德兴市模拟考试)NowadaysinChina,eitherinthemorningnorafterdinner,people,especialelderlywomen,gatherinsquarestodancetopopularmusic.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearealsoparticipatingthesquaredancenow.Therearemanyreasonsfortheirpopularity.Firstofall,Chinahasmadeagreatprogressinthes