统考版2025届高考英语二轮复习备考小题提升精练5代词和名词含解析

PAGE代词和名词小题必练5小题必练5：代词和名词常考考点：人称代词(主格/宾格)反身代词名词性物主代词常考的不定代词指示代词I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall/noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodywe/usourselvesoursanything/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody名词复数改变：状况构成方法读音示例一般状况加-s清辅音后/s/；浊辅音和元音后读/z/map—mapsbag—bags以s，ss，x，sh等结尾的词加-es-es读/iz/bus—busesclass—classes以-f或-fe结尾的名词多数将-f和-fe变v加-es-ves读/vz/wife—wivesleaf—leavesshelf—shelvesknife—kniveswolf—wolvesthief—thieveshalf—halveslife—lives以元音字母+y结尾的名词(AEIOU)干脆加-s-s读/z/boy—boysday—daysmonkey—monkeysholiday—holidaystoy-toyskey—keys以辅音字母+y结尾的非专出名词变y为i再加es-s读/z/library—librariesfamily—familieshobby—hobbies以辅音字母+o结尾的名词一般加-es-es读/z/Negro—Negroeshero—heroestomato—tomatoespotato—potatoesmango—mangoes以元音字母+o结尾的名词加-s-s读/z/zoo—zoosphoto—photoskangaroo—kangaroosbamboo—bamboosradio—radiospiano—pianos单复数同形名词保持不变deer—deersheep—sheepfish—fishpeople—peopleChinese—ChineseEnglishJapanese—JapaneseVietnamese—VietnameseSwissPortugueseLebanese表示某国人名词的复数表示某国人名词的复数human—humansGerman—GermansRussian—RussianAmerican—AmericansItalian—ItaliansIndian—IndiansCanadian—CanadiansAustralian—AustraliansSwede—Swedes无连字号复合名词以后面名词变复数规律保持一样mooncake—mooncakesbookcase—bookcasesarmchair—armchairstoothpick—toothpickshousewife—housewivesgentleman—gentlemenbookshelf—bookshelvesstopwatch—stopwatcheswineglass—wineglassesbirthday—birthdaysblackboard—blackboardsgreenhouse—greenhouses第一个名词是man，woman的复合名词两者都要变复数manteacher—menteacherswomandoctor—womendoctors男人/女人做定语修饰名词，两者都须要变复数以f，fe结尾特别名词干脆在词尾加sroof—roofschief—chiefsserf—serfsreef—reefshoof—hoofscliff—cliffsgulf—gulfsbelief—beliefsproof—proofs改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加en.man—menwoman—womenox—oxenchild—childrengoose—geesetooth—teethfoot—feetmouse—micelouse—licebasis-bases1.（2024·浙江卷1月）ForJapan,the(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日原来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今日是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且依据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。2.（2024·全国III卷）Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着新奇心，艺术家整理行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示新奇心。故填curiosity。3.（2024·全国II卷）ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。由设空处前a，可推断此处需填名词形式，且为单数形式，故填celebration。4.（2024·全国I卷）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山).【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。依据beof+名词相当于形容词的结构，可知此处应用名词，故填interest。5.（2024·全国I卷）Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。分析句子可知，此处指它的安排，名词plans可知空格处应用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。6.Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto_____(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.【答案】myself【解析】句意：惊慌地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说四个简洁的字——做你自己。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。7.Likeuniversitystudents,UShighschoolstudentshavethefreedomtochoosethecoursesthatmostinterest(they).【答案】them【解析】分析句子可知，interest为定语从句的谓语，后接人称代词宾格做宾语。故填them。8.LastOctober,whiletendinghergarden,shepulledoutahandfulofsmall(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.【答案】carrots【解析】考查名词单复数。依据上文的ahandfulof可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。9.Onceinaspeechthe64-year-olddirectorsharedhisideaabouthowtomaketraditional______(treasure)comealiveagain.【答案】treasures【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演共享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发朝气的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。10.Thenhestartedtobuildmoreandmorekindsof(model).【答案】models【解析】考查名词的数。句意：然后他起先建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且依据上文moreandmorekindsof可知应填名词的复数形式models。【技巧点拨】当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要依据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。假如该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。其次步：理解句子意思。依据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。一、单句语法填空1.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.【答案】it/running【解析】句意：假如你时间不足够，你只须要花费其他运动一半的时间跑步便可获得同样的结果，因此我们应当试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语，需填名词或代词，可用it代替上文中的running或干脆填running作宾语。Whensomeoneknockedatthedoor.Ididn’taskwhowas.【答案】it【解析】考查代词。句意：当有人敲门时，我没有问是谁。it用来指代身份不明的人，故填it。However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday.【答案】it【解析】it指代therailway。WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind(they)alive.【答案】them【解析】设空处指代从句中的thegorillas以避开重复，故填them。Huawei,isoneofChina’smajorsmartphone(make).【答案】makers【解析】考查名词。oneof后接可数名词复数，表示制造商，故用makers。Withitsrapid(grow),Chinahasbeendisplayinganincreasinglygreatinfluencewhenfittinginwiththeworld.【答案】growth【解析】考查名词。形容词rapid修饰名词，故用growth。Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormof(object)andhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.【答案】objection(s)【解析】考查名词。此处指Dolly的出现引起了巨大的反对风暴。依据语境和空前的of可知，此处应填名词形式，又因objection可作可数名词也可作不行数名词，且空前无限定词修饰，故填objection(s)。occurredtomethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.【答案】It【解析】考查形式主语It。句意：我突然想到我告知他们的电话号码是错误的。Itoccurredtosb.that...：某人突然想到……。分析句子可知that引导主语从句，用It作形式主语，故填It。IwonderedifIcouldhavean(appoint)withthedoctorthefollowingday.【答案】appointment【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我想知道我能否在其次天和医生预约。haveanappointmentwithsb.：和某人有个约会。不定冠词后接可数名词单数，故填appointment。10.Itarousedanargumentoverwhetherwasmoraltoclonehumanbeings.【答案】it【解析】考查代词。依据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空应填it作形式主语，后面的toclonehumanbeings为真正的主语。二、语法填空Passage1Pinyinisasuccessfultool,which1(teach)inChinatoschoolkids.Itisnotmerelyusedbywesternerslikeus.IthasprovedtobeausefultoolforChinesepeople2(they)tolearnstandardpronunciationintheirearlyeducation.Thefirststepistolearnhow3(pronounce)eachletterinpinyincorrectlyandthemeaningofthetonemarkers.Thenyouhavetodo4(drill)asmanyasyoucan.Turnthatintoagame.Itcanbe5(much)funthanyouwouldexpect.Start6singlesyllablesanddothatalotandthensyllablepairs.Slowlymoveontolargergroups.Understandtheinitial,finalandthetones.Butmostimportantly,7youneedisgoodfeedback.You’dbetterhavesomeonethatcancorrectyourmistakesimmediately.FindanativeChinese,8canlistentoyouandcorrectyou.IfyoutakeChineseclasses,theteacherwill9(probable)haveyoudodrillseveryclass.Dothisveryseriously.Ifyouareself-studying,trytomeetnativeChinesepeopleandaskthemtogiveyousomefeedback.Otherwise,trytobeself-criticalandlistenverycarefully.Good10(listen)ismorethan50%ofwhatittakestopronouncecorrectly.【答案】1.istaught 2.themselves 3.topronounce 4.drills 5.more6.with 7.what 8.who 9.probably 10.listening【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。1.考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，tool为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”，所以本句为一般现在时。故填istaught。2.考查反身代词。分析句子可知，拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教化中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以Chinesepeople与they的反身代词为同位关系，所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves。3.考查动词不定式。howtodosth在句中作learn的宾语。故填topronounce。4.考查名词复数。drill为可数名词，由“asmanyas”可知，应填drill的复数。故填drills。5.考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，应填much的比较级more。故填more。6.考查介词。Startwith“以……起先”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。7.考查连接代词。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，主语为we，谓语为need，所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中肯定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。8.考查关系代词。分析句子可知，anativeChinese为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为who。故填who。9.考查副词。probably为副词修饰动词have。故填probably。10.考查名词。Good为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。Passage2OnthewaytothetrainstationInoticed11mobilephoneonthestreet.Itseemedbrokenwiththebattery(电池)out.Idecidedtopickitupandtrytoputittogethertoseeifitworked.It12(do)!Ichoseanumberfromthecontactlistandfoundawomanwho13(lucky)knewtheownersoIcalledhertoletherknowIhadthephone.Shecouldn’treachhersoIaskedastationguardforhelp;buthewasnotallowedtokeepthephone.After15minutes,Iworriedaboutmytrain,14(think)whattodo.Suddenlyamancalledthephone.Itwastheowner’shusband!Iexplainedandhecouldn’tbelieveit.Heasked15Icouldpleasewaitforhim,soIdid.Hecametothestationinafew16(minute)andsoonafterhiswifearrived.Thelookon17(they)facesmadeitallworthit.I’dmissedmytrainbutfeltsohappytohavehelped.Theyoffered18(buy)meflowersorgivemesomething,19Irefused.Ithankedthemforitandtoldthemtheirbeingso20(please)andgratefulwasmorethanenoughforme.【答案】11.a 12.did 13.luckily 14.thinking 15.if/whether16.minutes 17.their 18.tobuy 19.but 20.pleased【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者捡到一部手机，经过一番周折，最终找到了手机的主子，并将其归还。11.考查冠词。本句是讲“我”在大街上看到一部手机，表示泛指，且mobile的发音以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。12.考查时态。依据文章第一句话可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故要用一般过去时did。13.考查副词。该空修饰动词knew，应用副词luckily。14.考查非谓语动词。think和主语I是逻辑上的主谓关系，故该空填thinking。15.考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，且意为是否，故该空应填if/whether。16.考查名词复数。依据句中的afew可知此处用名词的复数形式minutes。17.考查代词。空处修饰名词faces，故应用形容词性物主代词their。18.考查固定搭配。offertodosth意为主动提出做某事，是固定搭配。故填tobuy。19.考查连词。句意：他们主动提出想买鲜花或别的东西给我，但是我拒绝了。上下文为转折关系，故填but。20.考查形容词。此处表示“我”告知他们，他们的欢乐和感谢对“我”来说就足够了。该空和grateful并列，故应填形容词pleased。Passage3Didyougrowupinoneculture,yourparentscomefromanother,andyouarenowlivingina21(total)differentcountry?Ifso,thenyouare22thirdculturekid.Theterm“thirdculturekid”23(use)inthe1950sforthefirsttimebyJohnandRuthUseem.Theyfirstcameacrossthisphenomenon(现象)while24(research)NorthAmericanchildrenlivinginIndia.Usuallythirdculturekidsbenefitfrom25(they)interculturalexperienceandtheyoftengetgoodgrades.Yetmany26(difficulty)mayarisefromthisphenomenon.Thirdculturekidsmaynotbeabletoadapt(使适应)themselvescompletelytotheirnewsurroundings.Also,theyoftenfindithard27(develop)newfriendship.Moreover,forathirdculturekid,itisoften28(easy)tomovetoanewcountrythantoreturntohisorherhomeland.Forexample,afterliving