2024高考英语一轮复习词汇语篇模式主题语境二人与社会Topic39空间存在与特征教学案含作业

PAGETopic39空间、存在与特征空间方位(SpecialOrientation)__________['dIstəns]52,corner,position,situation,__________['ɒpəzIt]38,face,surface,base,________[edʒ]44,aheadof，infrontof,becloseto,cross,across,through,aside,allover,beneath,upper,outer,towards,backwards，upwards,downwards,vertical,________[sə'raʊnd]19位置与距离(PositionandDistance)belocatedin/on/to,asfaras,withinsb.'sreach,outofone'sreach,remote,nearby,near,nextto,________[kə'nekt]65,beconnectedto结构与形态(StructureandShape)bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeinto,bemadein,structure,intheshapeof,________[pɔInt]190,circle,round,square,broad,narrow,flat,vast,huge,tiny存在(Existence)existence,comeintobeing,therebe,________[ə'kɜː(r)]45,expose,________['æbsənt,æb'sent]9,generate,produce,presence特点与特征(CharacteristicsandFeature)________['fiːtʃə(r)]43,rough,smooth,solid,liquid,float,light,soft,hard,polished,delicate,vivid,stable,fade,puredistance;opposite;edge;surround;connect;point;occur;absent;featuredistance①(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow­incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.②You'llnevergettheballinfromthatdistance.③Thecoldnessanddistanceinhervoicetookmebysurprise.(1)单句语法填空①What'sthe________(distant)fromNewYorktoBeijing?②Thingslookdifferent________adistanceof10years.③Thenoiseofthecardiedaway________thedistance.答案：①distance②at③in(2)单句写作①我们可以望见远处的轮船。Wecouldseetheship____________________.②太阳距地球很遥远。Thesun____________________theearth.③这幅画稍远一些看更好。Thepicturelooksbetter____________________.答案：①inthedistance②isdistantfrom③atadistance(1)n.距离；间距theamountofspacebetweentwoplacesorthings(2)n.远方；远处apointthatisaparticularamountofspaceawayfromsth.else(3)n.冷淡；疏远asituationinwhichthereisalackoffriendlyfeelingsorofacloserelationshipbetweentwopeopleorgroupsofpeopleopposite①Welivefurtherdownontheoppositesideoftheroad.②(2024·浙江高考)We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.③(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.(1)介词填空①Idealismisopposite________materialism.②Hisstoreisopposite________mine.③Theyareallopposed________namingthehighschoolafterMartin.④Theywerewalking________oppositedirection.答案：①from②to③to④in(2)单句写作①街的对面有个花园。Therewasagarden____________________ofthestreet.②我们知道“东”“西”是两个相对的方向。Weknowthattheeast____________________thewest.③澳大利亚和中国的气候相反。China'sclimateis____________________ofthatofAustralia.④他连忙朝相反的方向离去。Hehurriedaway____________________.答案：①ontheoppositeside②isoppositeto③justtheopposite④intheoppositedirection(1)adj.对面的；另一边的ontheothersideofaparticularareafromsb./sth.andusuallyfacingthem(2)adj.相反的；迥然不同的asdifferentaspossiblefromsth.(3)n.对立的人(或物)；对立面；反面apersonorthingthatisasdifferentaspossiblefromsb./sth.elseontheoppositeside在反对一方beoppositeto在……对面；与……相反beoppositefrom与……相反；不相容justtheopposite恰恰相反intheoppositedirection朝相反的方向oppositionn.反对；对抗；对手inoppositiontosb./sth.剧烈反对……；对比/比照……opposevt.反对，抵制opposedadj.剧烈反对的；迥然不同的beopposedtosth.反对……edge①Thefactorystandsattheedgeofthecity.②Sheedgedalittleclosertome.(1)单句语法填空①Timwas________(edge)awayfromthecrowd.②Thefilm'sendinghadme________theedgeofmyseat.答案：①edging②on(2)单句写作①不要把杯子放在桌子边上。Don'tputtheglass____________________thetable.②该公司即将破产。Thecompanywas____________________thebankruptcy.③路边有所红色的小房子。____________________theroadstandsaredhouse.答案：①ontheedgeof②ontheedgeof③Attheedgeof(1)n.边；边缘；边线；边沿theoutsidelimitofanobject,asurfaceoranarea;thepartfurthestfromthecentre(2)v.(使)缓缓移动，慢慢移动tomoveortomovesth.slowlyandcarefullyinaparticulardirectionattheedgeof在……的边缘attheedgeof/ontheedgeofattheedgeof侧重在边缘较广袤的地域的面上ontheedgeof“在……边上”侧重于在边缘的点上，还可引申为“即将”“濒于”surround①(2024·天津高考)Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythe“can'tdo”attitudes.②They'vesurroundedthebuildingwithpolice.③Thereisalotpublicitysurroundingthedivorce.(1)用surround的适当形式填空①The________villagesarebeautiful.②Animalsinzoosarenotintheirnatural________.③Therobbertriedtorunoffbutgaveupwhenhefoundhimself________bypolicemen.答案：①surrounding②surroundings③surrounded(2)单句写作①________________(被……围绕)lotsoftreesandflowers,myhouselooksmorebeautiful.②Thetown'swatercomesfrom____________(四周的)hills.③He________________(被包围着)bypeoplewholikehim.答案：①Surroundedby②surrounding③wassurrounded(1)v.围绕；环绕tobeallaroundsth./sb.(2)v.(使)包围，围住tomoveintopositionallaroundsb./sth.,especiallysoastopreventthemfromescaping(3)v.与……紧密相关；围绕tobecloselyconnectedwithsth./sb.surroundsb./sth.withsb./sth.使某人/物被某人/物包围besurroundedby/with被……围围着；四周是……surroundingadj.四周的；旁边的surroundingsn.环境(通常用复数形式)connect①Hisworkshopconnectedwithasmallbuildinginthegarden.②(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Connectingtothecommunityasyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.(1)用connect的适当形式填空①Whatisthe________betweenthetwoideas?②Thetownsare________bytrainandbusservices.③(2024·浙江高考)OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno________(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.答案：①connection②connected③connection/connections(2)单句写作①据说他与这起交通事故有关系。Itissaidthathe__________________thistrafficaccident.②这两个城市由铁路相连。Thetwocities__________________arailway.③汤姆和此案没有关系。Tom____________________thecase.答案：①isconnectedwith②areconnectedby③hasnoconnectionwith/isnotconnectedwith(1)v.(使)连接；联结tojointogethertwoormorethings;tobejoinedtogether(2)v.与……有联系(或关联)tohavealinkwithsb./sth.connect...with...把……和……联系起来connect...and/with/to...把……和……连接起来connectedadj.有关联的；有联系的beconnectedwith与……有联系；与……有关系connectionn.连接；联系have(no)connectionwith与……(没)有联系inconnectionwith关于；与……有关feature①(2024·江苏高考)IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.②Manyofthehotelsfeaturedinthebrochureofferspecialdealsforweekendbreaks.(1)选词填空：feature/characteristic①Noiseisa________ofcitylife.②A________ofthecamelisitsabilitytoliveforalongtimewithoutwater.答案：①feature②characteristic(2)单句写作暖和好像是他全部书中的主要特色。_________________________________________________________________答案：Warmthseemstofeatureheavilyinallofhisbooks.(1)n.特色；特征；特点sth.important,interestingortypicalofaplaceorthing(2)v.以……为特色；由……主演；以……为主要组成toincludeaparticularpersonorthingasaspecialfeaturefeaturein在……中起主要作用feature/characteristicfeature原指面貌等显著的部分，还可以指心中所留印象的显著部分characteristic指与其他事物区分的特征Ⅰ.阅读(2024·江苏高考)Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh­altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow­upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了鲍勃探寻黄石国家公园火山的故事。在日常生活中，要养成擅长视察、擅长思索的好习惯(formgoodhabitsofbeingobservantandthoughtful)，说不定你也能发觉“新大陆”哟！1．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever­lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.答案：D细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句可知，鲍勃感到迷惑的是，他在黄石国家公园没有找到火山，即：火山的精确位置。故选D项。2．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.答案：A段落大意题。文章的其次段主要介绍了两种类型火山的形成过程，一种是形成圆锥体形态的火山，富士山和乞力马扎罗山就是其典型代表；另外一种是通过爆裂岩浆而形成巨大裂口的火山，而黄石国家公园恰恰就是这一种，所以本段主要讲解并描述了火山的形态，故选A项。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow­up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot­airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird'sview.答案：C词义揣测题。依据第三段“...aniceblow­upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos...”可知，thephotos所指的就是前面提及的blow­up，所以推知blow­up相当于photo(photograph)，故选C项。①volcanon.火山②eruptv.喷发③remarkablyadv.特别，特别④authorityn.权力；权威(其次段倒数其次句)Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.译文：这些火山爆炸性很强，它们在一个大裂缝中爆发，留下一个巨大的洞，即火山口。分析：本句是so...that...结构的结果状语从句，后面的“leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera”是现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。(2024·广州市模考)TheMonaLisaeffectdescribesthephenomenonwheretheeyesinaportraitseemtofollowthepersonlookingatit,nomatterwherethepersonstandsintheroom.TheeffectwasobviouslynamedafterLeonardodaVinci'sfamouspaintingfeaturingthewomanwiththemysterioussmileandthesteadystare.Butironically(讽刺地),anewstudyfindsthatMonaLisamaynotbeallthatinterestedintrackingherobservers.TworesearchersfromBielefeldUniversityinGermanyfoundthatthefamoussubjectofthepainting,alsoknownas“LaGioconda”，isactuallylookingjustoveryourrightshoulder.Fortheexperiment,HorstmannandhisresearchassistantSebastianLothgatheredtwodozenparticipantstotakealookattheeyesofthepainting.Buttheydidn'tjustaskthemiftheythoughtMonaLisawaslookingtheirway.Insteadtheydisplayedpartofherfaceonacomputerscreen,thenaskedvolunteerstomeasureherstareusingacarpenter'srulerthatwasheldhorizontallybetweenthemandthescreen.Althoughthecomputerscreenandtheparticipantsstayedinthesamespot,therulerwasmovedcloserandfartherfromthescreenduringthetrial.Inaddition,theresearchersmodifiedthesizeofMonaLisa'sfaceandhowmuchofherfeatureswerevisibletoseeifthatchangedtheperceptionofherstare.Theimagesshowedvaryingdegreesofrise—from30to70percentwithsomeshowingherentirefaceandothersshowingjusthereyesandnose.Theresearchersalsomovedtheimagesseveralcenti－meterstotheleftandtotheright,sotheparticipantswouldn'tjustpickthesamemeasurementontherulereachtime.HorstmannandLothpublishedtheirresultsinthejournali­perceptionwheretheywereveryclearintheirconclusion.“Weconcludefromthemeasurementsthatthelackofevidencesduetothedeclarationbeingobjectivelyfalse:MonaLisadoesnotstareattheviewer，”theywrote.“ThereisnodoubtabouttheexistenceoftheMonaLisaeffect—itjustdoesnotoccurwithMonaLisaherself.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。试验证明“蒙娜丽莎效应”并不适用于蒙娜丽莎画像。我们要学会从不同的角度看问题(lookatthingsfromdifferentperspectives)，与此同时也要有质疑精神(aquestioningspirit)，并能实行方法证明自己的质疑(takestepstoproveourdoubts)。4．Whatdoesthenewstudyfind?A．TheMonaLisaeffectdoesexist.B．ThereasonforMonaLisasmile.C．WhatistheoriginoftherealMonaLisa.D．MonaLisaisnotstraightlylookingattheviewer.答案：D细微环节理解题。由第一段最终一句和最终一段最终两句可知，蒙娜丽莎并没有干脆看着观看她的人。5．Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtododuringtheexperiment?A．Tooperateacomputerastheymoved.B．Tomeasurethedirectionofthestarewitharuler.C．Tocountthedirectionofthestarewithacomputer.D．Toevaluatethedistancebetweeneachparticipant.答案：B细微环节理解题。由其次段最终一句可知，参与者被要求用木匠的尺子测量蒙娜丽莎的眼神。6．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“modified”inParagraph3?A．Estimated. B．Changed.C．Enlarged. D．Described.答案：B词义揣测题。依据语境可知，此处表示：探讨人员还修改了蒙娜丽莎的面部尺寸，以及她有多少面容是可见的，看这是否变更了她注视的感觉。7．WhatdoHorstmannandLoththinkofthenewfinding?A．It'sreasonableandclear.B．It'sbeyondexpectation.C．It'sshortofsolidevidence.D．It'sconsistentwithpreviousstudies.答案：A推理推断题。由最终一段可知，Horstmann和Loth在杂志上发表了他们的探讨结果，他们的结论清楚、合理。①featuren.面容；特征；特色②horizontallyadv.水平地③perceptionn.知觉；感知；洞察力(第三段其次句)Inaddition,theresearchersmodifiedthesizeofMonaLisa'sfaceandhowmuchofherfeatureswerevisibletoseeifthatchangedtheperceptionofherstare.译文：此外，探讨人员还修改了蒙娜丽莎的面部尺寸，以及她有多少面容是可见的，看这是否变更了她注视的感觉。分析：本句是一个主从复合句，howmuch引导宾语从句，作动词modified的宾语。在从句中，if又引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语。(2024·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)Aslifeincitiesworldwidebecomesmoreexpensive,urbandesignersareusingmoderntechnologytohelpcitizensavoidtrafficjams,andshortenthetimeneededforbuswaitingandotherthings.Technologyisalsousedtocutcostlywaste.InSantander,aSpanishportcity,parkingiseasytofind.Asonecardrivesaway,anundergroundsensorshowsthataparkingspaceisnowfree.400sensorssendmessagestosignsonstreets,andGPSdevicesdirectdriverstothenearestavailableparkingspaces,reducingtrafficjams.Trashiscollectedonlywhenthebinsarefullandbusstopsignsshowexactlywhenthenextbusiscoming.Thepublicparksarewateredonlywhenthesoilgetsdry.Allthisismadepossibleby20,000sensorsinstalledonbuildings,streetpostsandevenbuses.Theyarepartofthe“smartcity\”project,launchedbytheUniversityofUniversityresearcherslikeLuisMunozregularlymeetwithlocalstodiscusshowtomaketheircityevensmarter.“Theyproposetheirideasandsometimesevendevelopthembythemselves.Here,wegivethemtheopportunitytoseetheseideashappeninreallife，\”saidMunoz.Forexample,theuniversityhelpedawomancreateanappthatoutlinestheeasiestrouteforwalkingwithababystroller.Anotherprovidesinformationtoresidentsabouttheirwaterconsumptionandsendsanalarmtotheirphoneifthereisaleak.TheSantandersmartprojectisattractingtheattentionoflargercitiesinEuropeandelsewherethatarelookingforsmartsolutionstourbanproblems.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。传感器、GPS定位等现代科技手段帮助西班牙的港口城市桑坦德避开了交通拥堵、缩短等车时间、削减资源奢侈等，这种做法正在吸引欧洲的大城市以及其他更多地方的留意力，他们都在找寻解决城市问题的智能方案。智能城市可以帮助我们避开交通拥堵(avoidtrafficjams)、缩短等车时间和削减资源奢侈，我们应当充分利用更多现在科技手段来解决城市问题(usemorecurrenttechnologytosolveurbanproblems)。8．WhatisthelifelikeinSantander?A．Itismeaningful.B．Itisfulloffreedom.C．Itislikelytochangefast.D．Itisefficientandconvenient.答案：D推理推断题。依据题干中的关键词inSantander定位到文章的其次段。依据该段中的内容，尤其是“parkingiseasytofind”“Trashiscollectedonly...getsday.”可推知，在桑坦德的生活是高效便利的，故答案是D。9．HowcanresidentshelpMunoz'sjob?A．Byofferingsomeoriginalorfreshideas.B．Byshowinghimaroundthecity.C．Byinstallingsensorsthemselves.D．Byusingaslittlewateraspossible.答案：A细微环节理解题。依据题干中的关键词residents和Munoz'sjob定位到文章的第三段。依据该段中的“LuisMunozregularlymeetwithlocalstodiscusshowtomaketheircityevensmarter”“Theyproposetheirideas”可知，当地人有了想法会向Munoz提出来，故答案是A。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Another\”inParagraph3referto?A．Auniversity. B．Aphone.C．Anapp. D．Aneasyroute.答案：C指代推断题。依据上文“theuniversityhelpedawomancreateanapp...withababystroller”可知，这所高校开发了一款应用程序，该应用程序为推婴儿车散步的女士规划了最舒适的路途。结合画线词所在句的句意可推知，画线词指的是另一款应用程序，故答案是C。11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AWorldwideProblemB．ASmartC．ACreativeResearcherD．ATrendinUrbanDesign答案：B标题推断题。依据其次段最终一句“Theyarepartofthe‘smartcity’project,launched...sevenyearsago.”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了智能城市项目的相关内容，故B项最适合作为文章标题。①costlyadj.花钱多的；昂贵的；价钱高的②installv.安装；设置③launchv.起先从事，发起，发动(尤指有组织的活动)④consumptionn.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量(第一段第一句)Aslifeincitiesworldwidebecomesmoreexpensive,urbandesignersareusingmoderntechnologytohelpcitizensavoidtrafficjams,andshortenthetimeneededforbuswaitingandotherthings.译文：随着世界范围内城市生活越来越昂贵，城市设计师们正在利用现代技术帮助市民避开交通堵塞，缩短公交车等其他事情所需的时间。分析：本句为as引导的缘由状语从句。主句中，tohelpcitizensavoidtrafficjams,andshortenthetimeneededforbuswaitingandotherthings为动词不定式作目的状语。Lastweek,ItalianarchitectStefanoBoeri,famedforhisVertical(垂直的)ForestskyscrapercomplexinMilan,unveiled(使……公之于众)plansforasimilarprojectintheeasternChinesecityofNanjing.TheChineseequivalent—Boeri'sfirstinAsia—willbecomposedoftwoneighboringtowerscoatedwith23speciesoftreeandmorethan2,500cascading(层叠的)bushes.Thestructureswillreportedlyhouseoffices,a247­roomluxuryhotel,amuseumandevenagreenarchitectureschool,andarecurrentlyunderconstruction,setforcompletionnextyear.“Wehavebeenaskedtodesignanentirecitywhereyoudon'tonlyhaveonetallbuildingbutyouhave100or200buildingsofdifferentsizes,allwithtreesandplantsontheoutsides.”BoeritoldtheGuardian.“Weareworkingveryseriouslyondesigningallthedifferentbuildings.Ithinktheywillstarttobuildattheendofthisyear.By2024wecouldimaginehavingthefirstforestcityinChina.”Boeridescribedhis“verticalforest”conceptasthearchitecturalprojectwhichislikeaskingraft(植皮手术),speciallydesignedtobringnewlifetoasmallcornerofChina'spollutedurbanareas.Thebuildingswouldsuck25tonsofcarbondioxidefromNanjing'saireachyearandproduceabout60kgofoxygeneveryday.“Itispositivebecausethepresenceofsuchalargenumberofplants,treesandbushesiscontributingtothecleaningoftheair,contributingtoabsorbingCO2andproducingoxygen，”thearchitectsaid.“Andwhatissoimportantisthatthislargepresenceofplantsisanamazingcontributionintermsofabsorbingthedustproducedbyurbantraffic.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。意大利建筑家斯特凡诺·博埃里为南京设计了亚洲第一座“垂直森林”。“垂直森林”的建成将有利于城市空气净化，在汲取二氧化碳的同时，释放出氧气，并能汲取城市交通产生的粉尘。我们应当将绿色、环保的理念融入到我们的日常生活中(integratetheconceptofgreenandenvironmentalprotectionintoourdailylife)，主动地为环境贡献自己的一份力气！12．WhatdoweknowaboutthegreentowersdesignedbyStefanoBoeri?A．Theconstructionwillbeginnextyear.B．SuchbuildingscanbefoundinotherAsiancountries.C．GreentowershavealreadybeenpopularinItaly.D．Amuseumwillbeincludedinthegreentowers.答案：D细微环节理解题。依据其次段其次句可知，这座“垂直森林”的建筑物中包括写字楼、一座豪华宾馆、一座博物馆，甚至还有一所绿色建筑学校，故答案为D。13．The“verticalforest”seemstobethebestsolutiontopollutionbecause________.A．itbringsnewlifetobuildingsandmakesthembeautifulB．itsuckstonsofcarbondioxidefromtheaireachyearC．itoffersgreatconvenienceforpeople'slifeandworkD．manyspeciesoftreesandbushescanbeprotected