2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking学案含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit4SpaceExploration单元核心素养单元话题导读Wefindthatthemoonisabout239,000miles(384,551km)awayfromtheearth,and,towithinafewthousandmiles,itsdistancealwaysremainsthesame.Yetaverylittleobservationshowsthatthemoonisnotstandingtill.Itsdistancefromtheearthremainsthesame,butitsdirectioncontinuallychanges.Wefindthatitistravelinginacircle—orverynearlyacircle—roundtheearth,goingcompletelyroundonceamonth,or,moreexactly,onceevery27and1/3days.Itisournearestneighborinspace,andlikeourselvesitiskepttiedtotheearthbytheearth’sgravitationalpull.Exceptforthesun,themoonlooksthebiggestobjectinthesky.Actuallyitisoneofthesmallest,andonlylooksbigbecauseitissoneartous.Itsdiameterisonly2,160miles(3,476km),oralittlemorethanaquarterofthediameteroftheearth.Onceamonth,or,moreexactly,onceevery29and1/2days,atthetimewecall“fullmoon”，itswholedisclooksbright.Atothertimesonlypartofitappearsbright,andwealwaysfindthatthisisthepartwhichfacestowardsthesun,whilethepartfacingawayfromthesunappearsdark.Artistscouldmaketheirpicturesbetteriftheykeptthisinmind—onlythosepartsofthemoonwhicharelightedupbythesunarebright.Thisshowsthatthemoongivesnolightofitsown.Itmerelyreflectsthelightofthesun,likeahugemirrorhunginthesky.我们发觉月球距离地球大约239000英里(384551公里)，在几千英里范围内，它的距离始终保持不变。然而，很小(角度)的视察表明，月球并不是静止的。它与地球的距离保持不变，但它的方向不断变更。我们发觉它围着地球转圈，或者几乎是一个圆，一圈转一月，或者更准确地说，一圈27又1/3天。它是我们在太空中最近的邻居，和我们一样，它被地球的引力束缚在地球上。除了太阳，月亮看起来是天空中最大的物体。事实上它是最小的，看起来很大是因为它离我们太近了。它的直径只有2160英里(3476公里)，也就是地球直径的四分之一多一点。一个月一次，或者更准确地说，每29.5天一次，在我们称之为“满月”的时候，它的整个圆盘看起来很亮。在其他时候，只有一部分看起来是光明的，我们总是发觉这是面对太阳的部分，而不面对太阳的部分看起来是黑暗的。假如艺术家们能记住这一点，他们的画就会变得更好——只有那些被太阳照亮的月球部分才是光明的。这表明月球本身不发光。它只是反射太阳光，就像挂在天空中的一面大镜子。词海拾贝1．observationn．视察2．continuallyadv.持续地3．gravitationaladj.引力的；重力引起的4．diametern．直径；对径；放大率；放大倍数SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinking课前自主预习Ⅰ．重点单词1．__astronaut__n．宇航员；太空人2．__procedure__n．程序；步骤；手续3．__mental__adj.精神的；思想的4．__intelligent__adj.有才智的；聪慧的；有智力的→__intelligence__n.智力；才智；才智5．__rocket__n．火箭；火箭弹6．__gravity__n．重力；引力7．__frontier__n.边疆；国界；边远地区8．__vehicle__n．交通工具；车辆9．__universe__n.宇宙；天地万物→__universal__adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的10．__determined__adj.有决心的；意志坚决的→__determine__vt.查明；确定；确定→__determination__n．决心11．__satellite__n．人造卫星；卫星12．__launch__vt.&n13．__orbit__n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi14．__giant__adj.巨大的；宏大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人15．__leap__n.跳动；剧增；剧变vi.&vt.跳过；跃过16．__mankind__n．人类17．__agency__n．(政府的)特地机构；服务机构；代理处→__agent__n.(企业、政治等的)代理人，经纪人18．__data__n.[pl.]资料；数据19．__disappointed__adj.悲观的；懊丧的→__disappointing__adj.令人悲观的→__disappoint__vt.使悲观→__disappointment__n．悲观20．__desire__n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→__desirable__adj.渴望的，有欲望的21．__independently__adv.独立地；独立地→__independent__adj.独立的；独立的→__independence__n．独立→__dependent__adj.依靠的，依靠的→__dependence__n．信任，依靠→__depend__v．依靠；依靠22．__spacecraft__n.航天器；宇宙飞船23．__spacewalk__n.太空行走；太空行走的时间24．__jade__n.玉；翡翠；玉器25．__dock__vi.&vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港n26．__signal__vt.&vi.标记着；标明；发信号n.信号；标记→__sign__n.迹象；征兆；手势v．签(名)；署(名)；打手势Ⅱ．重点短语1．carry__on__接着做，坚持干2．__on__board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3．__in__thehopeofdoingsth.抱着……的希望4．soas__to__(dosth.)为了；以便5．__at__theageof在……岁时6．graduate__from__从……毕业7．__in__thefuture在将来8．go__up__增长，上升；升起；被兴建；被建立；被焚毁9．come__down__下来，下降，倒塌10．look__up__抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅11．find__out__弄清晰；查明12．focus__on__集中(留意力，精力等)13．believe__in__信任；信任14．__make__progress取得进步15．__in__ashorttime在很短时间内Ⅱ．重点句型1．Beforethemid-20thcentury，mostpeoplefelt__travellingintospace__wasanimpossibledream.在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不行能实现的幻想。2．Thesedisasters__made__everyone__sadanddisappointed__，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.这些灾难让每个人都感到哀痛和悲观，但探究宇宙的渴望从未消逝。3．Despitethedifficulties，scientistshopefuturediscoverieswill__notonly__enableustounderstandhowtheuniversebegan,__butalso__helpussurvivewellintothefuture.尽管困难重重，科学家希望将来的发觉不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们很好地活到将来。Ⅳ．课文理解一、速读文章并完成下面的问题Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1A．Whatpeopleachievedinthepastyears.Para.2 B．Whypeopledon’tstopexploringspacedespiterisks.Para.3C．Thefutureexplorationinspace.Para.4 D．Humanbeingsalwayswanttoexplorespace.Para.5E．TheachievementwhichChinahasmade.答案：Para.1－5DABEC二、细读文章并选出最佳答案1．YangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou__C__spacecraftin__C__.A．2；2000 B．3；2001C．5；2003 D．1；20022．Whichstatementisrightaccordingtothepassage？__C__A．Nobodythoughtitpossibletotravelintospacebeforethemid-20thcentury.B．On14October1957theSputnik1satellitewaslaunchedbytheUSSR.C．Chinabecamethethirdcountrytoindependentlysendhumansintospace.D．Disastersinthespaceexplorationmadeeveryonesadbutnotdisappointed.3．Despiterisks,peoplecontinuetoexplorespacebecause__D__.A．wewanttoestablishmorespacestationsB．weplantocarrymorebravepeopleintospaceC．wecanprovideacontinuoushumanpresenceinspaceD．webelieveinthesignificanceofspaceexploration课内要点探究重点单词1．determinevt.查明；明确；确定eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句MyaimwasfirstofalltodeterminewhatIshoulddonext.我的目标首先是要确定自己下一步该做什么。(2024·天津高考)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.在天知道什么动机的驱使下，他确定写一本书。Hisenemiesaredeterminedtoruinhim.他的敌人决意要毁了他。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)determinetodosth.确定/决心做某事determineon(doing)sth.确定(做)某事determinesb.todosth.使某人下决心做某事(2)determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事bedeterminedthat...决心……(3)determinationn．决心；确定withdetermination坚决地eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Ihavedetermined__on__goingtothecountrysideaftergraduatingfromcollege.②Heis__determined__(determine)totakegoodcareofhisparentsfromnowon.③The__determined__(determine)expressiononherfacesuggestedthatshewouldn’tchangehermind.④Helenwasastronggirlandshefinallyachievedherdreamwithgreat__determination__(determine)．⑤(北京改编)__Determined__(determine)tobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”．单句写作⑥He__wasdeterminedtomakegooduseof__(下定决心好好利用)thischancetolearnmoreabouttheChineseculture.⑦PaulwasfondofChineseculture,sohe__determinedtosettle__(确定定居)inChina.一句多译因为决心按时完成这项工作，他们马上着手工作。⑧__Becausetheyweredeterminedtocomplete__thejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.(缘由状语从句)⑨__Determinedtocomplete__thejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.(形容词短语作状语)2．disappointedadj.悲观的；懊丧的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown.城市里挤满了悲观的人们，他们不想在这里定居。Adamskisayshewasverydisappointedwiththemayor’sdecision.阿达姆斯基说他对市长的确定特别悲观。IamdisappointedinmyselfwhenIthinkofhowmuchtimeI’vewasted.当想到我奢侈了多少时间时，我对自己感到悲观。Youmustbedisappointedatlosingthechance.失去这次机会，你确定很悲观。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)bedisappointedat/bysth.对某事悲观bedisappointedin/withsb.对某人悲观bedisappointedtodosth.因……感到悲观(2)disappointv.使悲观；使破灭，使落空(3)disappointmentn.[U]悲观，[C]令人悲观的人/事(4)disappointingadj.令人悲观的，扫兴的(强调主语的行为或某事令人悲观)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①AlthoughIwas__disappointed__(disappoint)Icouldn’tkeepthetoys,Iwassomewhatproudtotakethemback.②Tomy__disappointment__(disappoint),hisbehaviourcausesomemisunderstandingbetweenus.③Theteacherisdisappointed__at/about__Tony’sattitudetowardsstudy.④Weweregreatlydisappointed__toknow__(know)thatshewasabsent.⑤Thefansweredisappointed__in/with__thefilmstarwhentheylearnedsomenegativenewsabouthimonthewebsite.⑥Thefanslookedquite__disappointed__(disappoint)whentheyheardthe__disappointing__(disappoint)result.单句写作⑦Theworkers__weredisappointedtofind__(悲观地发觉)thattheycouldn’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthemachine.⑧We__aredisappointedat/about__(对……感到悲观)yourpreviousbehaviour.3．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Ifyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.假如你想参与体育运动，你可以选择从游泳到骑马等活动。Theydesiretohelpthosewhoareinneedofhelp.他们渴望帮助那些须要帮助的人。Shedesireshimtosolvethisproblem.她渴望他能解决这个问题。Shedesiresthathe(should)staywithher.她渴望他跟她待在一起。Doyouhaveanintensedesirefortruthandhonesty?你是否对真相、诚恳有极强的渴望？eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)desiresth.渴望得到某物desiretodosth.希望做某事desiresb.todosth.希望某人做某事desirethat...希望……(从句中用shoulddo结构，should可以省略)(2)haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某物haveadesiretodosth.渴望做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Hedesires__tojoin__(join)thearmyanddevotehimselftothecountry.②Severalpeoplehaveexpressedadesire__tosee__(see)thereport.③(2024·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末)Fashionisacompetitiveandhardbusinesswherepeople’sdesire__for__newideasishardtosatisfy.④Atyesterday’smeeting,themanagerdesiredthattheproject__(should)befinished__(finish)ontime.一句多译在场的全部学生都渴望上重点高校。⑤Allthestudentspresent__haveastrongdesiretogotoakeyuniversity__.(desiren．)⑥Allthestudentspresent__desiretogotoakeyuniversity__.(desirev．)⑦Allthestudentspresentdesirethatthey__(should)gotoakeyuniversity__.4．independentadj.独立的；自主的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mozambiquebecameindependentin1975.莫桑比克于1975年获得独立。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)beindependentof不信任……；独立于……之外(2)independencen．独立；自主independencefromsb./sth.从……独立(3)independentlyadv.独立地；自主地(4)dependentadj.依靠的；依靠的dependencen．信任，依靠dependv．依靠，依靠eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①NotonlymyspokenEnglish,butalsomyabilitytolive__independently__(independent)hasbeenimprovedalot.②Alllivingthingsdepend__on__thesunfortheirgrowth.③Susanwantedtobeindependent__of__herparents.Shetriedlivingalone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.④Astudyabroadprogramcanteachstudents__independence__(independent)andimportantlifeskills.单句写作⑤Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youshould__beindependentof__(不依靠)yourparents.⑥Manycountriesleftand__was/becameindependentfrom__(独立于)theempireinthe20thcentury.5．signalvt.&vi.标记着；标明；发信号n.信号；标记eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hesignalledtothewaiterforthebill.他示意服务员结账。Hesignalledhertostopthecar.他示意她停车。Don’tstartyet—waitformetogivethesignal.先别起先——等我发信号。Aredlightisusuallyasignalfor/ofdanger.红灯通常是危急的信号。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)signaltosb.向某人发信号/示意signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signalwith...用……发信号(2)asignalforsb.todosth.某人做某事的信号eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析signal,symbol,sign,mark易混词区分signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号symbol表示“象征”或表达某种深邃意蕴的特别事物sign指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指“征兆，迹象”mark既可指为便利分辨而有意做的“标记”，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Thepoliceseemstobe__signaling__(signal)touswithhisarm.②Inordernottobeheard,shepointedherfingerupwards__tosignal__(signal)thatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.③Thefarsideofthemoonisararequietplacethatisfreefrominterferencefromradio__signals__(signal)fromEarth.④Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwas__a__signalforeveryonetostandup.⑤Thejudgesignaled__to__apoliceofficerandthemanwasledaway.选词填空(signal/sign/symbol/mark)⑥InChineseculture,redisthe__symbol__ofluckandhappiness.⑦Youcanmakea__mark__whereyoucan’tunderstand.⑧Chestpainscanbeawarning__signal__ofheartproblems.⑨Hewalkedupanddown,asure__sign__ofbecomingimpatient.重点短语1．goup上升；增长；升起；被兴建；被建立；被焚毁eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thepricesofhouseshavegoneup.房价已上涨。Newfactoriesaregoingupeverywhere.到处在兴建新工厂。Thewholebuildingwentupinflames.整幢楼在大火中被焚毁了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)goupby上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)goupto上升到……(表示上升后的结果)(2)goafter追逐；追求goagainst反对；违反；不利于goahead进行，进展；做吧，干吧goalong进展；接着goby(时间)消逝goover细致检查goinfor爱好；参与考试(或竞赛)goout出去；熄灭gothrough细致察看某事物，检查某事物；经验，遭遇；(法律、合同等正式)通过godown(物价等)下跌；(温度等)下降；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落到地平线下，落下gowithout牵强凑合；没有……也行eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练写出下列句中goup的含义①Severalnewmallsaregoingupinthecentreofthiscity.__被建立__②Itispredictedthatfoodpriceswillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewmonths.__上涨__用go的相关短语完成句子③Tallbuildingsare__goingup__alongthenewroadleadingtothedowntownarea.④Ididn’t__goinfor__poetrybefore,butnowI’mbeginningtotakeaninterestinit.⑤Astime__goesby__，hefindsitimportanttolearnanotherforeignlanguage.⑥—ThewomanbiologisthadstayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.—Shemusthave__gonethrough__alot!单句语法填空⑦Togetabettergrade，youshouldgo__over__thenotesagainbeforethetest.⑧Iwasinthemiddleofpackingupmythingswhensuddenlythepowerwent__out__intheneighborhood.2．lookup抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句ShelookedupfromherbooksasIenteredtheroom.我进房间时，她放下书，抬起头来看了看。Iftherearewordsyoudonotunderstand，lookthemupinadictionary.假如有不懂的单词就查字典。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展lookafter照料；照看lookahead展望将来lookaround环顾；四下看lookat看；检查lookbackon回忆lookdownupon/on瞧不起lookinto调查；审查eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Theylookdown__upon/on__thiskindofwork.②WhenIlookback__on__2014，I’mproudofwhatwehaveachieved.③WhenIcamein，hewasfocusingonhisnovelanddidn’tlook__up__.3．focuson集中(留意力、精力等)于eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thediscussionfocusedonthreemainproblems.探讨集中在三个主要问题上。Alleyeswerefocusedonthespeaker.大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展“集中留意力于/聚精会神于……”表达法集锦：concentrate(one’smind/attention)onbeburied/absorbed/lostinkeepone’smindonfocus/fixone’smind/attentiononloseoneselfin/buryoneselfineq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertofocus__on/upon__herstudies.②Catherinewasseatedinthesofa,totallyabsorbed__in__thebookaboutyouthanddreams.完成句子③Ican’t__focuson/upon或keepmymindon或concentrate(myattention/mind)on或focus/fixmymind/attentionon或beburied/absorbed/lostin或lose/burymyselfin__thebookwithhimsingingnextdoor.由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中留意力看书。4．carryon接着做，坚持干eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Afterthemeal,themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomtocarryontheirdiscussion.吃完饭后经理们回到会议室接着他们的探讨。Whateverdifficultywemeetwith,wewillcarryonwiththeproject.不管遇到什么困难，我们都将接着这项工程。Weallcarriedonsingingasifnothingoddwashappening.我们接着歌颂，就像什么怪事也没发生过一样。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)carryondoingsth.接着做某事carryonwithsth.接着某事(2)carry构成的其他短语：carryout实施，执行(指示、吩咐等)，完成(任务)carrysth.through(克服困难后)把……进行究竟，完成carrysb.through使某人渡过难关eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①HavingreadstoriesofLinQiaozhi,thegirlwasdeterminedtocarry__on__withhergoodwork.②(湖北改编)Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarry__out__thesecrettask.③You’llhaveanaccidentifyoucarryon__driving__(drive)likethat.④Heaskedustoassisthimincarrying__through/out__hisplan.用carry短语的适当形式填空⑤Althoughfacedwithsomanydifficulties,theystill__carryonwith__theirresearch.⑥Thesupportofhermother__carried__JaneGoodall__through__andshedevotedherselftothestudyofchimps.⑦Aftertwotrials，webeganto__carryout__thetask.⑧Theteamwillhaveto__carryon__withoutProfessorSmith.5．inthehopeofdoingsth.抱着……的希望eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hewasstudyinginthehopeofbeingadmittedtoanengineeringcollege.他努力学习，希望能被一所工程学院录用。Thisquestionmustbebroughtuptimeandagaininthehopeofattractinguniversalattention.这个问题必需反复讲，以引起各方面的重视。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)inthehopeof希望……(of是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语)(2)inthehopethat/inhopesthat...希望……(that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明hope/hopes的详细内容)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Iamwritingtoyou__inthehopethat__(希望)youcanlendmesomemoneybecausemineisrunningout.②BobandhisyoungbrothercametoNewYork__inthehopeoffinding__(希望找到)well-paidjobstosupportthemselves.③Herparentssentherabroad__inthehopethat__(希望)shecouldgetabettereducation.6．soasto(dosth.)为了；以便eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thejournalistraisedhishandsoastoearnachancetoaskthequestiontothespokesperson.那名记者举手想获得向发言人提问的机会。Themothercoveredthebabysoastoprotecthimfrombeinghurt.母亲把婴儿盖起来为了爱护他免受损害。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津动词不定式的一个主要作用，是在句中作目的状语。inorderto或soasso则使“目的”更加明确。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析soasto,inorderto,inorderthat,sothat,so...astosoasto常放在句中，不能放在句首。(否定形式：soasnotto)引导目的状语inorderto可置于句中或句首，引导目的状语，意为“为了；以便”(否定形式：inordernotto)inorderthat引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等sothat引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等引导结果状语从句，从句中不用情态动词so...asto引导结果状语，意为“如此……以至于”(否定形式：so...asnotto)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示当用soasto或inorderto时，句子前后动作的主语须一样。否则，用sothat或inorderthat。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练完成句子①Heranquickly__soasto(或inorderto)__catchthelastbus.他跑得很快以便赶上末班车。②Weturnedonthelight__sothat__/__inorderthat__wemightseewhatitwas.＝Weturnedonthelight__soasto__seewhatitwas.我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。③Sheis__so__angry__asnotto__sayawordinfrontofhim.她如此生气以至于在他面前说不出一句话。单句语法填空④Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto__bereceived__(receive)intimeforChristmas.重点句型1．Beforethemid-20thcentury，mostpeoplefelttravellingintospacewasanimpossibledream.在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不行能实现的幻想。(1)句式分析：这是一个复合句。主句的主语是mostpeople，felt是谓语，后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，travellingintospace是动名词作主语，was是系动词，animpossibledream是表语。(2)v.-ing(短语)作主语①v.-ing(短语)作主语往往表示一般状况或抽象动作，其被动形式为beingdone。②谓语动词的数：单个的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；但是两个及以上的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词的数要依据叙述的事来确定。假如是一件事，谓语动词要用单数形式；假如是两件或多件事情，谓语动词用复数形式。Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.大声朗读对我们学习外语特别重要。Beingpraisedbyhisteachermadehimregainconfidence.被老师表扬使他重新获得了信念。Seeingmuch,sufferingmuch,andstudyingmucharethethreepillarsoflearning.见识多、遭难重、钻研深是学问的三大要素。③当use，good，worth，fun等名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把作主语的v.-ing后置。常见句型有：Itisnouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth.做某事没有用/没有好处/奢侈时间。Itisworthdoingsth.做某事是值得的。Ithinkitisnogoodreadinginbed.我认为在床上看书没有好处。Itisworthseeingthemovieforanothertime.这部电影值得再看一次。④v.-ing(短语)作主语时，假如要突出动作的执行者，要在前面加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词全部格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的一般格或人称代词宾格。Rose’scomingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.罗丝的到来不会有多大帮助。(不能用Rose)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①__Knowing__(know)thedifferencesbetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbehelpfultoyourexperiment.解析：句意：了解这两项探讨结果的不同将有助于你的试验。②(2024·天津改编)Learningtothinkcritically(批判性地)__is__(be)animportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.解析：句意：学会批判性地思索是当今儿童将来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知，主语是Learningtothinkcritically(批判性地)，为v.-ing短语作主语，表示一般性的陈述概念，故主句的谓语动词应是is。③(2024·江苏改编)__His__(he)makingthesamemistakeagainmadehisteacherveryangry.解析：句意：他再次犯了同样的错误，这使他的老师特别生气。④It’snouse__worrying__(worry)aboutit.Youcandosomethingtochangeit.解析：句意：担忧他没有用。你可以做一些事情来变更它。⑤__Beingbrought__(bring)upinapoorfamilymadeTomveryhard-workingwhenhewasstillyoung.解析：句意：在一个贫困的家庭长大让汤姆在很小的时候就很勤奋。分析句子结构可知，此处用v.-ing短语作主语，Tom与bringup之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Beingbroughtup。2．Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.这些灾难让每个人都感到哀痛和悲观，但探究宇宙的渴望从未消逝。(1)句式分析：这是一个简洁句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，Thesedisasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sadanddisappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是thedesire，toexploretheuniverse是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。该结构的详细形式：①make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。⑤makeit＋宾补＋不定式(