2024年北京丰台区高二（上）期中英语（A卷）试题及答案

2024北京丰台高二（上）期中英语（A卷）考试时间：90分钟笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.Attheendofoneclass,IchattedwithDavidGale,aseniorhighjumper,abouthowtoimprovehis1andhowmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone’sachievement.He,outoftheblue,askedmewhatwouldhappenifhebroketheschoolrecord.Not2ofhispassionanddetermination,Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.HewasveryexcitedandsuggestedthatIgopurchasethepaint.Nothingmorewasmentionedaboutthe3untiltwoweekslater,theyoungwarriorranintotheclassroomwithahugesmileonhisface.“Ididit!Ibroketherecord!”heshoutedasIwasgatheringinformationto4whatIhadpromisedhim.Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps5him.Thenextday,itwasdone!G-A-L-E.Hugeblueletterswithwhiteedges,theschoolcolors.Icouldseehisexcitementevensurpassedthesuccessitself.Actually,hiscoachsaidthewallwaspartofthe6tobreaktherecord.Whathappenednextwastotallyamazing.Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewalland7howthey,too,couldbeconsideredforthewall.Withtheenormous8,Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave9whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward.Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe10higher.1.health2.proud3.promiseB.performanceB.afraidC.talentknowledgefondC.certainC.suggestionB.recordnews4.describe5.encouraging6.excitement7.inquired8.B.recallC.explainC.congratulatingC.creativityC.insistedC.stresspictureB.admiringB.confidenceB.expectedB.experienceB.achievedB.stagegreetingmotivationD.doubtedresponsedisplayedD.tone9.adjusted10.paceC.examinedC.goal第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthelastday,they(throw)aniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglishtoorganizesuchaneventaltogether.Attheendtheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Aftertheboxwasopened,I12(gentle)liftedabeautifulcoatfromit.“Wewentshoppingforacoat!”theyallshouted13wonderfullyperfectEnglish.BInearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,14(swim)offthecoastofSardinia,noticedpiecesofmetalontheoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmoredivers15(send)tolook.ThepiecesturnedouttobeancientRomancoins.Thecoinsmostlylayburiedinsandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoast.Itissaidthatmorethan30,000coinshavebeenfound,16arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistorical17(discover).CChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools18(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout19it’stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasacheatingtool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit’stoolatetoAIoutofclassrooms.AgrowingnumberofeducatorssaythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepanic20(cause)bytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearColleague,IwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renownedstrengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialonlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.AcademicImmersion(AIM)isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalIntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeAllthreetrackscombineclassroomwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGradeorGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarstheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustenteringGrade12infall2024.Summerisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailsummerhs@ifhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummer21.AGradestudentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose________.A.HighSchoolHonorsC.SummerChallengeB.AcademicImmersionD.SummerPreview22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan________.A.getatleast8transferablecreditsHighSchoolHonorsB.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMC.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengeD.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreview23.Amandapurposeinwritingtheletter?A.evaluateasummercamp.B.comparelearningprojects.C.promotepre-collegeprograms.recommenduniversitycourses.BMarkBrown,57,hadbeenmakingfilmsfor30years,hefoundhimselffeelingtiredofit.“Ithought,thingscanonlygodownhill.”Brownknewheneededtodosomethingelse—what?Afewyearshehadboughthischildhoodhouseandmovedin.WhileBrownwonderedaboutasecondcareeringardening,heheardainternalvoice.“Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”said.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.Therewasagreatoaktreenearhishome.Ithadstoodouttohisyoungselfasa“fantasticalgiant—atreasurehometobirds,insectsandanimals.Therewasacaveinside.usedtosqueezeinthroughthishole.”Hedecidedtolockhimselfawayfortwomonthstodrawitinallitsgloriousdetail.“WhileIwasdrawing,”hesaid,“therecamemomentswhenitwasasthoughthetreewasdrawingitself.Ihadspentsomuchtimeplayinginit.Icouldfeelit.Itwasdeepinsideme.”Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,justgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.Overthenextfewyears,hetravelledacrossBritainandspentdayswiththetreesselectedwiththehelptheAncientForum,theCouncilandtheBrownhasstartedworkona20-drawingseriesofmostimportantashtrees.“Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyareyearsandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”Drawingisnotonlyanactofcareandademandforpreservation,butit“givesmethatinterfacebetweenmypassionforthenaturalworldandmyBrownsays.Ithasalsogivenhimadifferentperspectiveonthepassageoftime.“I’manoldmanyetI’monly71,andsomeofthetreesI’vedrawnare1,000yearsold.WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.”24.Attheageof57,Brown________.A.movedintohisoldhouseC.reachedthepeakoflifeB.awakenedachildhoodinterestD.developedapassionforgardening25.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoaktreeandBrown?A.IthelpedhimstartanewB.Itlinkedhimwiththeworld.C.builtatreehouseinit.26.WhatisBrownworkingon?A.Settingtreeorganizations.D.studiedcreaturesinit.B.Lookingforcuresfortreediseases.C.Drawingtocallforprotectionfortrees.D.toselectimportanttreesinBritain.27.WhenBrowniswithtrees,feelsthat________.A.timeisendlessB.humanlifeistemporaryC.natureisdynamicD.life-longlearningiscrucialCWhenwe’resolvingacomplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.lookingtogetthebestideasasquicklypossible.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptfortinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideaswe’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyoutoinoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”Buttheproblemmeetingshowwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.probablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat(“Iwanttolookstupid.”),noisealltalkatonce.”),andcomformitypressurealljumpontheship!”).Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.unearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebettershiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Theinitialstepsaresolo.startbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasNext,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.preserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,tooeasyforparticipationtobecomelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.goaltobethesmartestpersoninthetomaketheroomCollectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualitendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroups—butalsomoreterribleideasgroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.28.BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto________.A.assesspotentialC.acceptpossiblegoodideasB.simplifyproblemsquicklyD.getthemostoutofindividuals29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lopsided”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?Informal.B.Unbalanced.C.D.Unpleasant.30.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A.challengeaconclusionC.introducearesearchB.makeacomparisonD.advocateapracticeDClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.Ouremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsunitwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?wewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.Slowergrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment.C.DavidFrost.B.Climateexperts.D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeableB.predictableC.bearableD.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.SlowingclimatechangedeservesgreatB.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。humansarecomparisoncreatures.35Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等级)oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.withtheoftheInternet,wecancompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.36Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasbecomeandunattainable.37WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtososuccessful,famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“lessthan”.Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.feeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.38thingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.anotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive(逐步侵蚀的)toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.39A.areconstantlymeasuringourselvesagainstotherpeople.B.itispossible,anditisworththeforyourmentalhealth.C.Thus,wearenowexposedtogroupsthatarequitefromus.D.believethatthereissomethingwrongwithuscomparedtoothers.E.canevenfeelbitternessandangeratothersfortheunfairnessofall.Comparingourselvesothershasthepotentialtoincreaseourlifeexperience.G.Thisnewlevelcomparisonhashugeimplicationsforourpsychologicallives.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共10小题；共10分）阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。40.TheproblemwasthatIlackedconfidenceinmyself.JenkinsmefeelthatIhadmyown__________.41.Thethingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhave__________tomindswhentheyareopenandeagertolearn.42.Onthesurface,Ihaveanactivesociallife.IattendpartiesandplaysportsbutI’malways__________.Theysaythatphonesbringpeopleclosertogetherbutinmymindisalwaysamillionmiles43.Afewdaysago,Iwentoutforadinnerget-togetherwithsomefriends.Somespentthedinnerbentovertheirphones,textingfriendsonlinebut__________theoneswhosatrightinfrontofthem.44.Foralotofpeople,becomingamillionaireisa__________ofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.45.Iamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.Successisnot__________byhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.46.Canthisbeoverdone?Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachtheplatform,youhadbetterbetotally__________toyoursport.47.Infact,over90percentofallspeciesthateverlivedarenow__________.Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivetimeslifeonEarthhasalmostended.48.Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeing__________,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.49.needtotakestepstosave__________species,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.第二节（共2小题；第50题3分，第51题5分，共8分）阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Smartphoneshavebecomeabigpartoflives.Whenwetemporarilyfindthem,itcausesafeelingofanxietyorpanic.Somepsychologistshavecalledit“nomophobia”.Irodethroughthewithdrawalofmysmartphoneanditwasshort-lived.WhenIgotmyfirstsmartphoneoveradecadeago,Ilovedit.Itgavemeinstantaccesstomymusic,aworldinformationandthousandsofphotosandvideos.Butovertime,Ibecameincreasinglyambivalentaboutitsroleinmylife.Iwouldrepeatedlyrefreshmyemail,shoponlineforIneedandconstantlyscrollthroughthelatestnews.I’doftencomplaintohusbandandtomyseven-year-oldson,Louis,thatIfelttrappedbyit.Then,onedaylastwhileIwasplayingwithLouis,Iwasonceagaindistractedbydingsandpings.Hefinallyremindedofmycomplaints,butrephrasedthemaplea:justgiveitupalready!”IdecidedtoInsteadofgoingcoldturkey—nocellphoneatall—Iboughtaflipphone.notouchscreen,textingistime-consuming.Once,whiletryingtocatchupontextswithafriend,IfinallyfrustratedandcalledIrealizedIspokentohersinceherbigmove.Itadifferencetohearboththeexcitementinhervoiceasshedescribedseeingthenorthernlightsandsadnessinbeingawayfromasickparent