浙江省宁波市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（含答案）2

浙江省宁波市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读理解阅读理解Chinaisoneoftheworld'sancientcivilizationsandhastheearliestoutstandingbronzecasting(青铜冶铸)technology.Herewe'vecreatedalistof4museumswhereyoucangainanin-depthunderstandingofChinesebronze.SanxingduiMuseumAddress:SanxingduiRuinSite,133XiangxinRoad,Guanghan,Deyang,SichuanprovinceHours:ComprehensiveGallery(thefirstexhibitionhall):8:30-18:00;BronzeGallery(thesecondexhibitionhall):8:30-18:30.(noentryafter17:00).ClosedMondaysTicketbookingeneraladmission:Galleryticket80yuanNote:Childrenshorterthan1.2m(including1.2m)canvisitthegalleryfreeofcharge.Theticketmustbeusedonthedayitissold.NationalMuseumofChinaAddress:EastsideofTian'anmenSquare,Dongchengdistrict,BeijingHours:8:30-17:00(noentryafter16:30)Generaladmission:Free(passportrequiredforentry).ClosedMondays(exceptfornationalholidays)E-mail:webmaster@chnmuseum.cnShanghaiMuseumAddress:201RenminAvenue,Huangpudistrict,ShanghaiHours:9:00-17:00(noentryafter16:00).ClosedonthemorningofChineseNewYear'sEveE-mail:webmaster@shanghai-museum.orgGeneraladmission:Free(amaxof8,000admitteddaily).HunanMuseumAddress:50DongfengRoad,Changsha,HunanprovinceHours:9:00-17:00(noentryafter16:00).ClosedMondays(exceptfornationalholidays)andtheeveofChineseNewYearTel:(+86-731)84415833,84475933E-mail:web@hnmuseum.comGeneraladmission:Free(passportrequiredforentry).Formoreinformation,clickhere.1．WhichmuseumshouldyouchooseforyourfamilytovisitnextMonday?A．ShanghaiMuseum. B．HunanMuseum.C．SanxingduiMuseum. D．NationalMuseumofChina.2．WhatdoHunanMuseumandNationalMuseumofChinainthispassagehaveincommon?A．Theyarefreetochildrenunder12.B．Theycloseonnationalholidays.C．Theycanbereservedthroughe-mail.D．Theyneedapassportforentry.3．Whereisthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Awebsite. B．Anewspaper.C．Atraveljournal. D．Ahistorybook.阅读理解Learninganylanguageishard,butlearningEnglishcanbeespeciallychallenging.Why?Becausenativespeakersusethelanguageinwaysthattextbookscouldneverdescribe.Inparticular,wordsthatBritishpeopleusecausemanylanguagestudentstoscratchtheirheads.Here'sanexample:YouoverhearaBritoncallingsomeonea"wazzock".Butwhatexactlyisawazzock?Thisword,infact,meansafoolishperson,althoughthere'snothingaboutitthatwouldhelpyouguessthat.TherearemanystrangetermslikethisinBritishEnglish—theOxfordEnglishDictionarywouldbemuchsmallerwithouttheseoddusagesfillingitspages.Howcantheseoddwordsbeexplained?PartoftheansweristheBritishsenseofhumor.Britonsdon'tliketotakethingstooseriously,andthisisevidentthroughmanyBritishwordsandphrases.Forexample,to"spendapenny"meanstousethebathroom.Itreferstothedayswhenpeoplehadtopayapennytouseapublictoilet.InaninterviewfortheBBC'swebsite,BritishlinguistDavidCrystalsuggestedtheremaybehistoricalreasonsforthelargenumberofoddwordsandphrasesinBritishEnglish.Hethinksthattheybeganinthelate16thandearly17thcenturies.Thiswasagreatageforthetheater,whenShakespeareandotherwritersworkedhardtokeepupwiththedemandfornewplays.Thetheater'spopularityalsocreatedanincentivetoinventnewwords.Withthisinmind,perhapsShakespeareandhispeersaretoblameforunusualBritishwordssuchas"codswallop"and"balderdash"—whichboth,mean"nonsense".Whilethesestrangewordsmaybeconfusingtonon-nativespeakers,theycertainlymakestudyingEnglishalotmoreinteresting.4．Accordingtothetext,whymaynon-nativespeakersfinditmorechallengingtolearnEnglish?A．Dictionariesaretoocomplicatedtounderstand.B．TheEnglishvocabularyistoolargeforthemtolearn.C．Alargenumberofstrangeexpressionsconfusethem.D．TheEnglishtextbookstheyuseareusuallyoutofdate.5．Withtheexampleof"theOxfordEnglishDictionary"inParagraph2,theauthorintendsto____.A．stressthelargenumberofstrangetermsB．explaintheoriginofthestrangephrasesC．showBritishpeople'sattitudetowardsoddphrasesD．showtheusefulnessoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary6．Whichofthefollowingwordshasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedword"incentive"inParagraph4?A．concern B．inspiration C．application D．opinion7．Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingthearticle?A．Aerious. B．Anxious. C．Indifferent. D．Humorous.阅读理解OnApril18—theInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites,ChinaDaily'sdigitalemployeeYuanxiandDunhuangMogaoGrottoes'officialvirtualcartoonfigureJiayaotogetherintroducedaninteractivedigitalplatformthathostsavirtualcopyoftheMogaoGrottoes'LibraryCave(藏经洞)totheworld.TheplatformwasdevelopedjointlybytheDunhuangAcademyandtheChinesetechfirmTencent.ItusesgamingtechnologiestoshowthehistoricalscenesoftheLibraryCaveinthedigitalworld.TheLibraryCaveinMogaoGrottoeswasdiscoveredin1900,withmorethan60,000culturalrelicsdatingfromthe4thcenturytothe11thcenturyunearthed.Itwasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicaldiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.Ontheplatform,visitorscanrole-playand"timetravel"toancientdynastiesandtalkwitheighthistoricalfigures.ThepubliccanentertheplatformthroughtheDigitalDunhuangwebsiteanditsWeChatminiprogram.Inthedigitalage,themodelof"culture+technology"hasbeenintroducedtofacilitatethedevelopmentofChineseculture.ThedigitalizationrateofChina'spreciousculturalrelicsisnowover70percent,accordingtothe2022ChinaDigitalCollectionIndustryResearchReportreleasedbyiResearch.InstitutionssuchasthePalaceMuseumhavealsostartedonlinedigitalservicesoftheirown.Artificialintelligence(AI)technologyallowsthepublictoviewtheinteriorofthebuildingsthroughthePalaceMuseum'sWeChatminiprogram.TheMinistryofCultureandTourismhasalsoencouragedthedevelopmentandtransformationofculturalintellectualproperty(知识产权)bydigitalmeans.ChinaCentralTelevisionhascreatedaseriesofdigitalcollectionswithdifferentDunhuangthemes,suchastheDunhuangdivinedeer(神鹿)Youyou.Itwascreatedbasedontheimageofthenine-coloreddeerfromDunhuangmurals(壁画).ThepubliccanseethedivinedeeronCCTV'sowndigitalplatform.Digitalcollectionscatertotheconsumptionhabitsofyoungpeople,whogrowupintheinformationage.TheynotonlyprotecttheintellectualpropertyofthecollectionsbutalsobringthepublicclosertoChina's"excellenttraditionalculture",notedDunhuangArtInstitute.SuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy,toldXinhuathatmoreeffortswillbemadetoexplorenewformsforshowingculturalrelicsandofferthepublicgreaterculturalexperiencestodevelopDunhuangculture.8．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthevirtualcopyoftheMogaoGrottoes'LibraryCaveistrue?A．ItwasdevelopedbytheDunhuangAcademyalone.B．ThepubliccanhaveaccesstoitthroughWechatminiprogram.C．Ithasappliedthelatesttime-travelingandgamingtechnology.D．Itwasunearthedin1900withmorethan60,000culturalrelics.9．Whatisthepurposeofthemodelof"culture+technology"?A．Toshowthelatestgamingtechnologies.B．Tohelpculturalinstitutionsmakeaprofit.C．TopromotethedevelopmentofChineseculture.D．ToencouragepeopletoexploreChineseculturalrelics.10．HowdoestheauthorintroducethesuccessofdigitalcollectionsinParagraph7?A．Bylistingfigures. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bygivingdefinitions. D．Bygivingexamples.11．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A．China'snewwayinrebuildingMogaoGrottoes'LibraryCave.B．China'ssuccessinpromotingthedigitizationrateofculturalrelics.C．China'sinteractivedigitalplatformindevelopingDunhuangculture.D．China'slatestadvancesinthedevelopmentofculturalintellectualproperty.阅读理解Eachyear,thediscoveryofnewsharkspeciesunderlineshowlittleweknowaboutoceanbiodiversity.InarecentreportconductedbySibertandRubin,theyreportedanunexpectedfinding:alarge-scaleextinctionofsharksinthepelagicocean,thelargestecosystemonEarth,about19millionyearsago.Theirdiscoverysuggeststhatsomeextinctionsintheopenseaofthepastmayhavebeenmysterious.ThestudyofSibertandRubintakesadvantageofasystembyusingtiny,hardbitsofsharkskinandbonyfishteeththatnaturallyfallfromtheirbodiestotheseafloor.Theseextremelysmallfossilsprovidearichrecordofancientoceanicsharksandtheirabundanceforthousandsofyears.Bystudyingfossilsfrommanyregions,thediversitypatternscangivemajorinsightsintoevolution(进化)oftheopenseathatwouldbeotherwiseunknown.SibertandRubinquantified(量化)apastextinctionofsharks,reportinga90%declineinnumberand>70%dropindiversity.Theyfoundthatnearer-shoresharksappeartosurvive,butmigratoryonesgoextinct.Thefindingofthisstudyisthatsharkshadundergoneawidespreadextinctionthatreorganizedtheircommunitiesfrom16millionto20millionyearsago.SibertandRubinnarrowedthedisappearanceofsharkstoawindowoftimeunder100,000yearsaround19millionyearsago,butthecausesofthiseventremainunclear.Becausethistimeperioddoesnotstandoutasaperiodofmajorclimaticchange,theauthorsdonotattribute(归因于)environmentalfactorsasanextinctiondriver.Asforothercauses,thelossofsharkdiversityisdirectlylinkedtooverfishing.Thelossofsharksfromtheoceanshasprofound,complex,andunavoidableecologicalconsequencesbecausetheirpresencereflectsthestabilityofmarineecosystems.Yet,one-quarteroftheglobaldiversityofsharksiscurrentlythreatenedwithextinction.Despiterecentimprovementsinconservationactions,sharkcommunitiesneverrecoveredfromamysteriousextinctionevent19millionyearsago;theecologicalfateofwhatremainsisnowinourhands.12．WhatdidSibertandRubinfind?A．Thenegativeimpactoftheextinctionofsharks.B．Themysteriousreasonsbehindthedisappearanceofsharks.C．Themostrecentadvancesinthestudyofthelargestecosystem.D．Thelarge-scaledeclineinthenumberofsharksabout19millionyearsago.13．HowdidSibertandRubinconducttheirstudy?A．Bycollectingandanalyzingsharkfossilsworldwide.B．Byquantifyingthemovementofnear-shoresharks.C．Byusingasystemtostudythenaturallyfallenbitsfromsharks.D．Bykeepingtrackofancientoceanicsharksandtheiractivities.14．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A．Overfishingispartlytoblameforthelossofsharkdiversity.B．Thenumberofsharkshasrecoveredtoitspreviouslevel.C．Scientisthavefiguredouttheexactcausesofsharks'extinction.D．Sharkshadundergoneawidespreadextinctionduetotheclimatechange.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Sharks:TheStoriesbehindThemB．Sharks:TheMarineMastersC．Sharks:KillersorMisunderstood?D．Sharks:TheMysteriousExtinction任务型阅读Anearthquakehappenswhentwoplatesrubtogether.Theearthplatestravelindifferentdirectionsandatdifferentspeeds.16．Inotherwords,earthquakesaretheshakingoftheearth'ssurfacecausedbytheearth'srockyouterlayer.Theenergystoredwithinissuddenlyreleased.Thedamageanearthquakecausesdependsonwhereitisandwhenitishappening.Ifanunpopulatedregionisstruck,therewillbelowlossoflifeorproperty.17．Manyoftheareasatriskarelargelypopulatednow.Majorearthquakeshittingthoseareastodaycouldproduceterribledamage.18．Fortunately,however,mostofthemareunnoticedtothepublicbecauseofthesmallRichterscale(震级).Butlargeearthquakessuchasthe1964Alaskanquakethatmeasured9.2ontheRichterscale,cancausemillionsofdollarsindamage.19．In1972,aseriesofsevereearthquakesstruckManagua,Nicaragua.Fifteenyearslater,thecitystilllookedthewayithadaweekaftertheearthquakehit,becausethecitywasinsuchamessthatitdidn'thavethemoneynecessarytorebuildit.Theshakingoftheearthissometimesnotthegreatestdisaster.20．Inthe1906earthquake,itwasthefirescausedafteritthatdidthemajorityofthedamage.Anearthquakecanalsodestroydamshighaboveacityorvalleys,causingfloodstosweepawayeverythingintheirpath.A.Actually,thereareseveralmillionsmallearthquakeseveryyear.B.Itisinthefiresandfloodsthatoftenthegreatestdamageoccurs.C.Throughouthistory,therearenumerousdestructivebigearthquakes.D.Ifithitsalargecity,theremaybemanyinjuriesandmuchdestruction.E.Soitisofgreatimportancetopredictthemovementsoftheearthplates.F.Ifoneplateisslowlyforcedundertheother,pressurebuildsupuntiltheplatesbreakapart.G.Thedestructivedamageofanearthquakecancontinueforyearsafterthefirstshake.二、完形填空完形填空WhenIwasgrowingup,IhadanoldneighbournamedDrGibbs.Hedidn'tlooklikeanydoctorI'deverknown.Henever21．atusforplayinginhisyard.Irememberhimassomeonewhowasalotnicerthanmostoftheadultsinourcommunity.WhenDrGibbswasn'tsavinglives,hewasplantingtrees.Hishousesatontenacres,andhislife'sgoalwastomakeita22．.Thegooddoctorhadsome23．theoriesconcerningplantcareandgrowth.Heneverwateredhisnewtrees,whichflewinthefaceofconventional(传统的)wisdom.OnceIaskedwhy.Hesaidthatwateringplants24．themsothateachfollowingtreegenerationwouldgrow25．.Soyouhavetomakethings26．forthemandweedout(淘汰)theweakertreesearlyon.Hetalkedabouthowwateringtreesmadeforshallowroots,andhowtreesthatweren'twateredhadtogrowdeeproots27．water.Itookhimtomeanthatdeeprootsweretobe28．.DrGibbs29．acoupleofyearsafterIlefthome.Everynowandagain,IwalkedbyhishouseandlookedatthetreesthatI'dwatchedhimplantsometwenty-fiveyearsago.They'reextremelytall,bigsincetheyhavedeep30．now.However,thetreesinmygarden31．inacoldwindalthoughIhadwateredthemforseveralyears.Itseemedthatadversitybenefitedthesetreesinways32．nevercould.Istoodtheredeep33．.EverynightbeforeIgotobed,Icheckonmytwosons.Istandoverthemandwatchtheirlittlebodies,34．oflifewithin.Ioftenprayforthem.MostlyIpraythattheirliveswillbeeasy.ButIthinkit'stimetochangemyprayerbecausenowIknowmychildrenaregoingtoencounter35．.21．A．yelled B．smiled C．laughed D．glanced22．A．desert B．reserve C．forest D．wetland23．A．annoying B．upsetting C．demanding D．interesting24．A．spoiled B．benefited C．impressed D．struck25．A．shorter B．weaker C．stronger D．taller26．A．convenient B．rough C．accessible D．easy27．A．inmemoryof B．inplaceofC．insearchof D．incaseof28．A．wasted B．planted C．cut D．treasured29．A．brokeaway B．passedawayC．gaveaway D．putaway30．A．roots B．branches C．trunks D．leaves31．A．grew B．ruined C．trembled D．revived32．A．challenge B．anxiety C．survival D．comfort33．A．inthought B．inpain C．inpeace D．indespair34．A．thebackandforth B．theupsanddownsC．therisingandfalling D．thecomingandgoing35．A．failure B．hardship C．well-being D．Freedom三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Acupuncture(针灸),36．ancientChinesemedicalpractice,hasbeenthetreatmentforcountlesspatientsforthousandsofyears.Uptonow,thispractice37．(become)acomprehensiveandprofoundmedicalsystem.Acupunctureisan38．(amaze)treatmentaimingtopromotethebody'sself-regulatingfunctions.ItsprinciplesareinlinewiththeideasoftraditionalChinesemedicine,39．emphasizesbalanceofbodilyfunctionsandoverallwell-being.Practicescanvaryinforms,includingneedleinsertion,cuppingandscraping.Needleinsertioniscarried40．byinsertinghair-thinneedlesintospecific41．(point)onthebodythatchannelenergy(theqi).Acupuncturehasbeenconsideredeffective,particularlywhen42．(use)alongsidewithmodernmedicine.43．itsancientChineseorigins,itisbeingusedin113ofWHO's120membercountriesnow,showingitswidespread44．(recognize).AsanancientChinesemedicalpractice,acupuncturehasearned45．(it)agreatreputationacrosstheworldwithmagicaleffect.四、书信写作46．假定你是李华，你的朋友Jack最近写信向你求助，信中提到了自己最近染上了网瘾，请你写信告知他网瘾的危害，并提出一些建议。内容如下：1.说明网瘾的危害；2.提出建议。网瘾networkaddiction注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJack,Yourssincerely,LiHua五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AllIdidwasshowmylittlesisterhowtogrowplants.Digahole.Putinaseed.Coveritwithdirt.Waterit.Wait."See,Laynie,"Iexplained,"awholeplantwillgrowfromthistinyseed.Allwehavetodoiswaterit."Layniehadherownwateringcansoshecould"help"meinthegarden.Oneday,aftereverythingwaswatered,shesaid,"Weforgotsomething,Brad."Sherantothefenceandstartedsprinklingwateronanotherspot.Iwalkedoverandsawafreshpatchofdirtnearthefence."Didyouplantsomethingthere?"Iasked."Yes,"shesaid."I'mgrowingapencil."Shestoppedsprinkling."Mypurplepencilgottoosmall,soIplantedit,thewayyousaid.""But,Laynie—""Howlongdoesittaketogrowanewpencil?"Ishouldhaveexplainedthingsrightthen,butIjustmuttered,"Uh...Inevergrewonebefore."LaterIgotwhatseemedlikeagreatidea.IdugupLaynie'spenciland"planted"abrand-newpurplepencil.Ifixeditwiththeeraserstickingup.Layniewasreallyexcitedwhenshesawit."Mypencilgrew!"sheshouted.Shedrewpictureswithitallafternoon.Afewdayslater,Layniewaswateringthesamespot."Howlongdoesittaketogrowcrayons?"sheasked."Ican'twait!"shesquealed,giggling...Shesquatteddownandwhispered,"Grow.Comeon,grow."Twodayslater,newcrayonssproutedtheirpointylittleheads,thankstome.Layniejumpedupanddownandyelled,"Theylooklikeflowers!"She"picked"themandranintothehouse.GrandmathoughtLayniewascutewhensheclaimedthatshehadgrownthesethings.Ijustkeptmymouthshut!Actually,itwasfuntryingtothinkofwhatshouldgrowfromLaynie's"seeds."Anditwascooltoseehergetexcited.OnedayIsawherpattingdownsomedirt,soIknewshe'djustplantedsomething."Whatisitthistime?"Iasked."It'sMolly."Igasped.MollywasLaynie'sgoldfish!"Shejumpedoutofherbowlagain,"Layniesaid."Grandmasaidwedidn'tfindherintime."ThenLayniepickedupherlittlewateringcanandstartedsprinklingthatspot.Myheartdroppedtomyfeetwhensheasked,"Howlongdoesittaketogrowagoldfish,Brad?"Shekneltdowntowhisper"Grow,Molly.Grow!"beforesheskippedbacktothehouse.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。IsatdownwithmybacktothefenceandwonderedwhatIshoulddothen.Ihuggedhertightlyandsuggested,"HowaboutafuneralforMolly?"

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．D3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了中国四大博物馆——三星堆博物馆、中国国家博物馆、上海博物馆和湖南博物馆。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，除了ShanghaiMuseum，其它三大博物馆都没有提及"ClosedMondays"星期一休息，可知，下周一家人去参观博物馆，应该选择上海博物馆。故选A。2．考查细节理解。根据NationalMuseumofChina和HunanMuseum都提及到"Generaladmission:Free(passportrequiredforentry)."普通门票：免费（需持护照入场）。可知，湖南博物馆和中国国家博物馆共同之处在于它们需要护照才能入场。故选D。3．考查推理判断。根据最后一句"Formoreinformation,clickhere."欲了解更多信息，请点击这里。可知，这篇文章可能来一个网站。故选A。【答案】4．C5．A6．B7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了英国英语中出现大量奇怪单词的原因。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Becausenativespeakersusethelanguageinwaysthattextbookscouldneverdescribe.Inparticular,wordsthatBritishpeopleusecausemanylanguagestudentstoscratchtheirheads."因为母语为英语的人使用这种语言的方式是教科书无法描述的。特别是，英国人使用的单词会让许多语言专业的学生挠头；以及第二段中的"Here'sanexample:YouoverhearaBritoncallingsomeonea‘wazzock'.Butwhatexactlyisawazzock?Thisword,infact,meansafoolishperson,althoughthere'snothingaboutitthatwouldhelpyouguessthat."举个例子：你无意中听到一个英国人叫某人"wazzock"。但wazzock到底是什么？事实上，这个词的意思是愚蠢的人，尽管它没有什么能帮助你猜测的。可推知，母语非英语的人之所以会觉得学习英语很难是因为许多奇怪的词对他们来说毫无意义，会让他们觉得非常的困惑。故选C。5．考查推理判断。根据第二段"Here'sanexample:YouoverhearaBritoncallingsomeonea‘wazzock'.Butwhatexactlyisawazzock?Thisword,infact,meansafoolishperson,althoughthere'snothingaboutitthatwouldhelpyouguessthat.TherearemanystrangetermslikethisinBritishEnglish—theOxfordEnglishDictionarywouldbemuchsmallerwithouttheseoddusagesfillingitspages."举个例子：你无意中听到一个英国人叫某人"wazzock"。但wazzock到底是什么？事实上，这个词的意思是愚蠢的人，尽管它没有什么能帮助你猜测的。英国英语中有很多奇怪的术语，如果没有这些奇怪的用法，《牛津英语词典》就会小得多。可知，第二段以《牛津英语字典》为例，是为了强调英语词汇中有大量的奇怪的术语。故选A。6．考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的"Thiswasagreatageforthetheater,whenShakespeareandotherwritersworkedhardtokeepupwiththedemandfornewplays."他认为它们始于16世纪末和17世纪初。这对戏剧来说是一个伟大的时代，莎士比亚和其他作家努力满足对新剧的需求；以及"Thetheater'spopularity"剧院的受欢迎程度；和"toinventnewwords"发明新词，可知，16世纪末和17世纪初对戏剧来说是一个伟大的时代，剧院也同时受到了大众的欢迎，从而激发了人们发明新词。所以划线词incentive的意思为"启发，激发"。故选B。7．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Inparticular,wordsthatBritishpeopleusecausemanylanguagestudentstoscratchtheirheads."特别是，英国人使用的单词会让许多语言专业的学生挠头；第三段中的"Forexample,to‘spendapenny'meanstousethebathroom.Itreferstothedayswhenpeoplehadtopayapennytouseapublictoilet."例如，"花一分钱"的意思是使用卫生间。它指的是人们必须花一分钱才能使用公共厕所的日子；以及全文可知，作者在文中用了诙谐的单词，举了一些有趣的例子。可推知，作者写这篇文章的语气是幽默的。故选D。【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了《中国日报》联手敦煌莫高窟官方虚拟卡通人物"伽瑶"向世人介绍了一个互动数字平台，该平台存有敦煌莫高窟藏经洞的虚拟副本，并讲述了用数字工具弘扬中国文化遗产的作用。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"ThepubliccanentertheplatformthroughtheDigitalDunhuangwebsiteanditsWeChatminiprogram."公众可以通过数字敦煌网站及其微信小程序进入该平台。可推断，公众可以通过小程序进入该平台。故选B。9．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Inthedigitalage,themodelof‘culture+technology'hasbeenintroducedtofacilitatethedevelopmentofChineseculture."在数字时代，"文化+科技"的模式被引入，促进了中国文化的发展。可推知，该模式的引入是为了促进中国文化的发展。故选C。10．考查推理判断。根据第七段中的"ChinaCentralTelevisionhascreatedaseriesofdigitalcollectionswithdifferentDunhuangthemes,suchastheDunhuangdivinedeer(神鹿)Youyou.Itwascreatedbasedontheimageofthenine-coloreddeerfromDunhuangmurals(壁画).ThepubliccanseethedivinedeeronCCTV'sowndigitalplatform."中央电视台制作了一系列不同敦煌主题的数字合集，比如敦煌神鹿。它是根据敦煌壁画中的九色鹿形象创作的。公众可以在央视自己的数字平台上看到神鹿。该段提到了中央电视台也制作了一系列的敦煌主题数字合集，同时举出九色鹿的神鹿形象作为例子。故选D。11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"OnApril18—theInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites,ChinaDaily'sdigitalemployeeYuanxiandDunhuangMogaoGrottoes'officialvirtualcartoonfigureJiayaotogetherintroducedaninteractivedigitalplatformthathostsavirtualcopyoftheMogaoGrottoes'LibraryCave(藏经洞)totheworld."4月18日，国际古迹遗址日，《中国日报》数字员工袁西与敦煌莫高窟官方虚拟人物"伽瑶"共同推出了一个互动数字平台，向世界展示了莫高窟图书馆洞的虚拟副本。可推断，文章围绕敦煌文化数字平台展开，这一创作方式也拉进历史与公众的距离。故选C。【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了西伯特和鲁宾利用了一个系统研究了海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝的原因。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和标题归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"InarecentreportconductedbySibertandRubin,theyreportedanunexpectedfinding:alarge-scaleextinctionofsharksinthepelagicocean,thelargestecosystemonEarth,about19millionyearsago."在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。可知，西伯特和鲁宾发现大约1900万年前，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。因此，西伯特和鲁宾发现了大约1900万年前鲨鱼数量的大规模下降，故选D。13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"ThestudyofSibertandRubintakesadvantageofasystembyusingtiny,hardbitsofsharkskinandbonyfishteeththatnaturallyfallfromtheirbodiestotheseafloor."西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了一种利用鲨鱼皮和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小硬块的系统，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底。可知，西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了利用了鲨鱼皮肤和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小、坚硬的碎片，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底，因此，"通过使用一种系统来研究鲨鱼自然掉落的碎片"是西伯特和鲁宾进行他们的研究的方式，故选C。14．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Asforothercauses,thelossofsharkdiversityisdirectlylinkedtooverfishing."至于其他原因，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关。可知，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关，故选A。15．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"InarecentreportconductedbySibertandRubin,theyreportedanunexpectedfinding:alarge-scaleextinctionofsharksinthepelagicocean,thelargestecosystemonEarth,about19millionyearsago.Theirdiscoverysuggeststhatsomeextinctionsintheopenseaofthepastmayhavebeenmysterious."在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。他们的发现表明，过去公海上的一些物种灭绝可能是神秘的。可知，本文主要阐述了西伯特和鲁宾利用了一个系统研究了海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝的原因。"鲨鱼:神秘的灭绝"适合作本文标题，故选D。【答案】16．F；17．D；18．A；19．G；20．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地震形成的原因、影响等。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科普类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Anearthquakehappenswhentwoplatesrubtogether.Theearthplatestravelindifferentdirectionsandatdifferentspeeds."当两个板块相互摩擦时，就会发生地震。地球板块以不同的方向和速度运动。可知，本空要说跟"运动导致地震"有关的话题，F.Ifoneplateisslowlyforcedundertheother,pressurebuildsupuntiltheplatesbreakapart."如果一个板块被慢慢压在另一个板块下面，压力就会积聚起来，直到板块破裂。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。17．根据空后"Manyoftheareasatriskarelargelypopulatednow.Majorearthquakeshittingthoseareastodaycouldproduceterribledamage."许多面临风险的地区现在人口众多。今天袭击这些地区的大地震可能会造成可怕的破坏。可知，本空要说跟"大地震袭击人口众多地区"有关的话题，D.Ifithitsalargecity,theremaybemanyinjuriesandmuchdestruction."如果它袭击一个大城市，可能会有很多人受伤和造成很大破坏。"引起下文，也能与上文"Ifanunpopulatedregionisstruck,therewillbelowlossoflifeorproperty."如果一个无人居住的地区被袭击，生命或财产损失将很低，形成对比。故选D。18．根据空后"Fortunately,however,mostofthemareunnoticedtothepublicbecauseofthesmallRichterscale(震级).Butlargeearthquakessuchasthe1964Alaskanquakethatmeasured9.2ontheRichterscale,cancausemillionsofdollarsindamage."然而，幸运的是，由于里氏震级较小，大多数地震都没有引起公众的注意。但是像1964年阿拉斯加9.2级地震这样的大地震会造成数百万美元的损失。可知，本空要说跟"小地震"有关的话题，A.Actually,thereareseveralmillionsmallearthquakeseveryyear."事实上，每年都有几百万次小地震。"引起下文，符合语境，故选A。19．根据空后"In1972,aseriesofsevereearthquakesstruckManagua,Nicaragua.Fifteenyearslater,thecitystilllookedthewayithadaweekaftertheearthquakehit,becausethecitywasinsuchamessthatitdidn'thavethemoneynecessarytorebuildit."1972年，尼加拉瓜的马那瓜发生了一系列强烈地震。15年后，这座城市仍然是地震发生后一周的样子，因为这座城市一团糟，没有必要的资金来重建它。可知，本空要说跟"地震后持续数年的影响"有关的话题，G.Thedestructivedamageofanearthquakecanconti