2022版高考英语一轮复习-第1部分-人与自我-主题群2-做人与做事-主题语境5-创新与创业意识教案

2022版高考英语一轮复习第1部分人与自我主题群2做人与做事主题语境5创新与创业意识教案2022版高考英语一轮复习第1部分人与自我主题群2做人与做事主题语境5创新与创业意识教案PAGE2022版高考英语一轮复习第1部分人与自我主题群2做人与做事主题语境5创新与创业意识教案2022版高考英语一轮复习第1部分人与自我主题群2做人与做事主题语境5创新与创业意识教案年级：姓名：主题语境(五)创新与创业意识阅读理解A(2020·天津5月卷·B)OneofthemoststressfuldaysofSusanMcFrederick'slifewaswatchinghersongetwheeledawayforsurgeryhoursafterhewasbornin2011.Butaftertheoperation，Susanburstintotearsforadifferentreason：acrossthecutontheirnewbornson'sbackwasasweetwinterscene，hand­drawnonhisbandages(绷带)．“Therewererollinghillsofsnow，apinetreeandasnowmanwithahatandbroom，”sherecalled.“Itwasextremelytouchingandcomfortingtoknowthatsomebodyhadtakenthetimetodothatformyfamily.ItwasamomentI'llneverforget.”Susansoonlearnedtheartistwasherson'ssurgeon，RobertParry，whodiscoveredanotherwaytousehishandsinthemid­1980sduringhisinternship(实习期)atachildren'smedicalcenter，wherehesawoneofhiscolleaguescutoutheartandsharkshapestodecoratechildren'sbandages.“Myfirstreactionwas，‘Whatishedoing？Hey，that'skindofneat，’”Parryrecalled.“Iespeciallylikedthereactionsoftheparentsandthepatientswhentheysawhisartwork.Thesmilestookeveryone'sattentionfromthesurgery.ThenIdecidedtofollowsuit.”Parryquicklygraduatedfromhisearlyheartsandsharks，andstartedtosurprisefamilieswithdrawingsthatcapturedyoungpatients'personalities.FromSnoopytoSpider­Manandbearstobutterflies，thereisn'tmuchhehasn'tdrawn.Mostkidswantsuperheroes，sportsteamlogosorprincesses，whilebabiesoftenreceivesceneswithflowers，treesandseacreatures.Duringthelast30years，Parryestimateshehasleftexamplesofhishandiworkoverthestitches(伤口缝线)ofmorethan10,000children.“Duringatimeofstressforfamilies，it'snicetobeabletohelpthemsmileandlaugh，”Parrysaid.“ThisissomethingpositivethatIcandoforthem，whichiswhatIlikemostaboutit.”ForParry，therewardisknowinghehopefullymadeadifferenceinachild'slife,andexceptforhisdrawingsonbandages，“theycangoonandlivetheirlivesandneverknowIwasinit，”hesaid.He'snotreadytoretire，buthe'sfoundanewhobbytokeephishandsskillfulintheyearstocome.“I'vetakenupknitting(编织)，”Parrysaid.“Hats，sweaters，gloves—Ienjoyitall.Butmostly，Ienjoygivingeverythingaway.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了医生RobertParry在手术后帮助病人缓解压力的独特方法——在绷带上画画。1．Susanburstintotearsafterherbaby'soperationbecauseshewas________.A．moved B．amusedC．stressed D．heartbrokenA[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Butaftertheoperation，Susanburstintotearsforadifferentreason：acrossthecutontheirnewbornson'sbackwasasweetwinterscene，hand­drawnonhisbandages(绷带)．”以及第三段中的“Itwasextremelytouchingandcomfortingtoknowthatsomebodyhadtakenthetimetodothatformyfamily.”可推知，Susan突然大哭起来的原因是有人肯花时间为她的家庭做暖心的事，这让她很感动，故A项正确。]2．HowdidParrygettheideaofdecoratingchildren'sbandages?A．Hewasmotivatedbyhispatients.B．Hewasinspiredbyhiscolleague.C．Hewasrequiredtolearntheskillduringhisinternship.D．HewasencouragedbySusantoshowhisgeniusforart.B[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“wherehesawoneofhiscolleaguescutoutheartandsharkshapestodecoratechildren'sbandages”以及第五段最后一句“ThenIdecidedtofollowsuit.”可知，Parry装饰孩子绷带的想法是从他的同事那里得到的启发，故B项正确。]3．Parry'sartworksduringthelast30yearsshowthathe________.A．devotedhimselfmoretoartthantomedicineB．knewmoreabouthispatientsthantheirparentsC．tookintoconsiderationthetastesofindividualpatientsD．createdalargenumberofworksbeyondhisexpectationsC[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Parryquicklygraduatedfromhisearlyheartsandsharks，andstartedtosurprisefamilieswithdrawingsthatcapturedyoungpatients'personalities.FromSnoopytoSpider­Manandbearstobutterflies，thereisn'tmuchhehasn'tdrawn.Mostkidswantsuperheroes，sportsteamlogosorprincesses，whilebabiesoftenreceivesceneswithflowers，treesandseacreatures.”可知，Parry根据不同孩子的喜好来画画，例如史努比、蜘蛛侠，以及动植物、公主等，也就是说，Parry进行艺术创作时将病人的个人喜好考虑在内，故C项正确。]4．WhatdoesParryexpecttoachievewithhisartworks?A．Togetarewardfromtheartisticcircle.B．Towintheadmirationofhiscolleagues.C．Tomakeadifferenceinhisdullmedicalcareer.D．Toliftthespiritsofhispatientsandtheirparents.D[细节理解题。根据第七段中的“‘Duringatimeofstressforfamilies，it'snicetobeabletohelpthemsmileandlaugh，’Parrysaid.‘ThisissomethingpositivethatIcandoforthem，whichiswhatIlikemostaboutit.’”可知，Parry希望他的作品能帮助减轻病人以及他们家人的压力并振奋他们的情绪，故D项正确。]5．WhatcanwelearnaboutParryfromthelasttwoparagraphsofthepassage?A．Heiseagertoshowothershisnewskills.B．Heenjoystryingnewwaystohelpothers.C．Heislookingforwardtolifeafterretirement.D．Heismoreinterestedinknittingthandrawing.B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“he'sfoundanewhobbytokeephishandsskillfulintheyearstocome”及最后一段中的“I'vetakenupknitting(编织)”“Butmostly，Ienjoygivingeverythingaway.”可知，Parry找到了新的爱好，他开始编织，并且喜欢把所有编织的东西送给别人，由此可推知，Parry喜欢尝试新方式来帮助别人，故B项正确。]B(2019·北京卷·B)AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(创业者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13，hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper­sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth，insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit？”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth­friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位少年创业成功的故事。小女孩AliceMoore面对问题不退缩，想办法解决问题，经过两年的调研和多次实验，最终创业成功。她也给更多的孩子带来健康和微笑。6．HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?A．Shearguedwithhim.B．Shetriedtofindawayout.C．Shepaidnoattention.D．Shechosetoconsultdentists.B[推理判断题。根据题干中关键词warning可直接定位到第二段第五句，该句表示AliceMoore想要解决父亲提出的问题，因为她不愿意放弃享用糖果的机会，故B项“她试图找到解决的办法”为正确选项。]7．WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A．Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B．Itisfreeofsweeteners.C．Itissweeterthanothercandies.D．Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.A[推理判断题。CanCandy为语篇的线索性词汇，它是AliceMoore的公司研发的新产品。题干是问CanCandy的特别之处，由此定位到第三段第一句，根据本句内容可知，它“既可口又对牙齿无害”，故A项“它有益于牙齿健康”正确。]8．WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A．Toearnmoremoney.B．Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C．Tomakeherselfstandout.D．Tobeatothercandycompanies.B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.”可知，AliceMoore希望每位小朋友都有洁净的牙齿和灿烂的笑容。B项意为“帮助别人找到笑容”，与原文意思相符。]9．WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?A．Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B．Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D．Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.C[推理判断题。文章介绍了AliceMoore年纪虽小，但面对问题不退缩，积极思考，想办法解决问题，勇于创新，最后创业成功的故事。故C项正确。]C(2018·江苏卷·B)Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark­coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra­largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast­foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特)．Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables，”giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.【语篇解读】本文为议论文。文章介绍了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，介绍了刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅就餐的一些错误认识。10．Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere________.A．notawareofeatingmorethanusualB．notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC．notconsciousofthefoodqualityD．notfondofthefoodprovidedA[词义猜测题。根据第三段画线部分的前句“theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra­largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse”可知在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据画线后的句子“theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert”可知，他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，所以A正确。]11．Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A．Playingclassicalmusic.B．Introducinglemonscent.C．Makingthelightbrighter.D．Usingplatesoflargersize.A[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。spentmore就是对题干中makemoreprofit的语意转化。故选A项。]12．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B．Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C．Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D．Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.D[段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句“Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables,crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。]D(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·D)Abuild­it­yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture，it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately，youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou，sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired，though，area5′×5′sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic，sixfeetofplastictube，andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill，useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethe_water_catcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next，covertheholewiththeplasticsheet，securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45­degree­angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover，andnomorethanthreeinchesabove，thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform，rundownthematerial，andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull，youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube，andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何自制太阳能蒸馏器以便在野外获取饮用水。13．Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A．It'sdelicate. B．It'sexpensive.C．It'scomplex. D．It'sportable.D[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.”可知，这些东西可以折叠放进小包中系在腰带上，由此可知这一太阳能蒸馏器装置是“便携的”，故选D项。A项中delicate意为“易碎的”，B项中expensive意为“昂贵的”，C项中complex意为“复杂的”，均不符合文意。]14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A．Thetube. B．Thestill.C．Thehole. D．Thecup.B[推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高thewatercatcher的产量，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。本题易误选D项，结合全文可知生产力是整个装置的而不是作为其中一部分的杯子的。]15．Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A．Digaholeofacertainsize.B．Putthecupinplace.C．Weightthesheet'scenterdown.D．Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.C[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...weightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.”可知最后一步是用石块将塑料板的中心位置压下去，故选C项。A、B、D三项曲解文意。A项“挖一个一定尺寸的洞”、B项“把杯子放在正确位置”和D项“用塑料板盖好洞”均不是制作蒸馏器装置的最后一步。]16．Whenasolarstillworks，dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom________.A．theplastictube B．outsidetheholeC．theopenair D．beneaththesheetD[细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，地下水蒸发后在塑料板下方凝结成水滴，然后坠落到杯子里，故选D项。A、B、C三项曲解文意。根据最后一段可知，水滴不是从“塑料试管”“洞的外面”或“露天”进入到杯子中的。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．surgeryn．外科手术2．operationn.手术；操作3．hand­drawnadj._手绘的4．bandagen.绷带5．broomn．扫帚6．extremelyadv._非常；极其7．surgeonn.外科医生8．sharkn.鲨鱼9．neatadj.整洁的；整齐的10．handiworkn．手工(艺)；手工(艺)制品11．consequentlyadv.结果；所以12．generatev．发生；使产生13．substituten．替代物14．componentn．成分；部件15．sheetn.薄片；薄板；床单16．dampadj._潮湿的17．suckv.吸吮；吸取Ⅱ.根据所给汉语写出英文单词1．recallv.回忆；回想2．centerv.集中n.中心；中央3．personalityn.个性；性格4．estimatev.估计；判断5．savingsn．储蓄；存款6．enthusiasticadj.热心的7．reputationn．名声；声誉；声望8．sharpadj.锋利的；强烈的；急剧的9．weightv.加重量于；使变重n．重量；重力Ⅲ.根据所给提示写出派生单词1．retirevi.退休；离开→retirementn．退休；引退→retiredadj.退休的；退役的2．permitvt.&vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照→permissionn．许可3．agreevi.同意→disagreevi.不同意→agreementn．协议；同意，一致4．profitn.利润；利益→profitableadj.有利可图的；赚钱的5．producevt.生产→productionn．生产；制造→_producern．生产者；制片人→productn.产品；作品→productivityn．生产力；生产率6．establishv．建立；创立；确立→establishedadj.已确立的→establishmentn．建立；创立；确立7．equipvt.&vi.配备；装备→equipmentn．设备(不可数)8．foldv．折叠，对折→unfoldv.展开；打开9．freshadj.新鲜的；清新的；淡水的→refreshv.更新；使……恢复；使……清新；消除……的疲劳vi.恢复精神；喝饮料，吃点心；补充给养→refreshmentn.饮料；点心；提神的东西Ⅳ.根据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．burst_into_tears突然哭起来2．kind_of有点儿；有几分3．make_a_difference有影响；有关系；起作用4．in_the_years_to_come在即将来临的几年里；在未来几年里5．lift_the_spirits_of振奋……的精神6．be_sick_of厌倦……7．dine_out外出就餐[即时演练]单句语法填空1．Itis_estimated(estimate)thathehasgoneabroadforfurthereducation.2．Ayearafterhisretirement(retire),hebegantoworkasabusinessman.3．Plansforapeaceconferencefailedduetothedisagreement(agreement)onwhoshouldbeallowedtoattend.Uptonow,theystilldon'tagreewitheachother.4．Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible.Ihopemybehaviorswillmake_adifference.5．Timepermitting(permit),Iexpecttotakepartinmoreactivitieswherewecanhaveourfriendshipstrengthened.6．Equipped(equip)withnewscientificfarmingmethods,theyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandtoproducemorecrops.7．Hefoldedhisarmsandloweredhisheadasusualbeforehewasindeepthought.8．Thisfamouscompanyhas_produced(produce)twiceasmanyelectricvehiclesthisyearaslastyear.9．Hearingthebadnewsthattheirsondiedintheearthquake,thecoupleburstintotears.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．OneofthemoststressfuldaysofSusanMcFrederick'slifewaswatchinghersongetwheeledawayforsurgeryhoursafterhewasbornin2011.用有轮之物推动2．Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit？”避开Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．Thesmilestookeveryone'sattentionfromthesurgery.ThenIdecidedtofollowsuit.[译文]微笑吸引了诊疗室每个人的注意力。然后我决定效仿。2．Whenadark­coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.[译文]当一个深色蛋糕用黑盘子而不是白盘子盛着被端上桌时，顾客们公认它更香甜可口。Ⅲ.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.[分析]Herecommended后是一个由that引导的宾语从句，因为动词是recommend(建议)，所以that从句中的谓语动词应该用shoulddo形式，should可以省略；在that从句中还包含一个宾语从句whatahealthiercandywouldcontain，作介词about的宾语。[译文]他建议她做一些研究，并与牙科医生探讨一下更健康的糖果会含有什么成分。2．Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth­friendly.[分析]本句中，主句为spendtimedoing结构，其中and连接两个并列动作researching和conducting;that引导定语从句，修饰先行词arecipe，且在从句中作主语。[译文]为了得到一个既美味又对牙齿有益的配方，经过父亲的允许，她花了两年时间进行在线调研和试验。3．Abuild­it­yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.[分析]本句为主从复合句。主句为Abuild­it­yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareas，其中不定式短语作后置定语，修饰oneofthebestways；wheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable是定语从句，修饰先行词areas。[译文]在不易获取饮用水的地方，自建太阳能蒸馏器仍是获得饮用水的最佳方式之一。4．Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.[分析]本句为主从复合句。主句laythetubeinplace为祈使句；sothat引导结果状语从句，该从句是由and连接的并列句。[译文]然后把管子放在适当的地方，让管子的一端完全放在杯子里，剩余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。1．inspirev．赋予灵感，启示，启迪；激励，鼓舞(1)inspirehope/loyalty/enthusiasminsb.燃起某人的希望/唤起某人的忠诚/激发某人的热情(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inspiresb.tosth.,inspiresb.withsth.,inspiresb.todosth.))激励某人……(3)inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的(4)inspirationn.灵感beaninspirationtosb.给某人以鼓舞inspireastrongdesirefordiscovery激起强烈的探索欲望listeningtohisinspiringspeech聆听他鼓舞人心的演讲inspireduswithherwillandenthusiasm用她的意志和热情激励我们gaveusnotonlyhopebutalsoinspiration给我们希望和热情[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Inspired(inspire)bythespeech,thelittlegirlmadeuphermindtoworkevenharder.②Dreamscanberichsourcesofinspiration(inspire)foranartist.③Iwasstruckbyhisinspiring(inspire)words,andIdecidedtomakeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.④Whatinspiredhimto_give(give)suchabrilliantperformance?[能力提升]——句式升级普通表达：Otherzoologistswereinspiredbyherexample,theyhavebegunworkingwithapesinthewild.高级表达：Inspired_by_her_example,otherzoologistshavebegunworkingwithapesinthewild.(过去分词短语作状语)2．treatvt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待n．款待；招待(1)treatsb.like/as...把某人当……看待treatsth.seriously认真对待某事/某物treatsb./oneselfto用……款待某人/自己(2)It'smytreat.我请客。(3)treatmentn．治疗；处理；对待treatsb.fairly公正地对待某人treatanillness治疗疾病thecourseoftreatment疗程[联想发散]curev．治愈；治疗；改正；解决n．治愈；治疗；疗法；措施。常用以下搭配：curesb.of治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯acurefor...……的治疗方法；……的解决办法[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Ifyouthinkthattreating(treat)awomanwellmeansalwaysgettingherpermissionforthings，thinkagain.②NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect，nomatterwhoIthinktheyare.③Afteryearsofregulartreatment(treat),shefinallybecamehealthy.[能力提升]——句式升级普通表达：Ifthepatientwastreatedinaproperway,hewaslikelytobesaved.①高级表达：If_treated_in_a_proper_way，thepatientwaslikelytobesaved.(省略句)②高级表达：Treated_in_a_proper_way，thepatientwaslikelytobesaved.(过去分词作状语)3．warnvt.警告；告诫(1)warnsb.of/aboutsth.警告/提醒某人当心某事warnsb.againstsb.警告/提醒某人提防某人warnsb.nottodosth.＝warnsb.against(doing)sth.警告某人不做某事(2)warningn．警告；提醒warnusofthecurrentserioussituation提醒我们当前的严重形势warnhimnottowalkonthethinice警告他不要在薄冰上走bewarnedagainstclimbingthemountaininsuchbadweather被警告不要在如此恶劣的天气登山[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Hewarnedusof/abouttheserioussituationthatwewereconfrontedwith.②Thepolicewarnedtheholidaymakersagainstcarthieves.③We'vejustheardawarning(warn)ontheradiothatatyphoonmaybeonitsway.[能力提升]——一句多译老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场。①Theteacherwarned_us_not_tocarrymobilephonesintotheexaminationroom.(not)②Theteacherwarned_us_againstcarryingmobilephonesintotheexaminationroom.(against)4．prefervt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(1)prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.宁愿……而不愿……prefer(sb.)todosth.更喜欢(某人)做……(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.,woulddosth.ratherthandosth.,wouldratherdosth.thandosth.))eq\a\vs4\al(宁愿做……,而不愿做……)(3)preferencen．偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物preferjazztorockmusic喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐prefercoffeeblack更喜欢不加奶的咖啡preferyoutostay想让你留下来[基础练习]——单句语法填空①IprefertheschooluniformtothetraditionalChinesedressatthewelcomeceremonynextmonth.②Somepeoplepreferto_do(do)almosteverythingovertheInternet.③IprefermyEnglishclassesto_be_given(give)inEnglishonly.④Peopledevelopapreferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.(prefer)[能力提升]——一句多译孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。①Thechildrenpreferredcyclingtothecountrysidetostayingindoorsallday.②Thechildrenpreferredto_cycletothecountrysideratherthanstayindoorsallday.③Thechildrenwouldrathercycletothecountrysidethanstayindoorsallday.④Thechildrenwould_cycletothecountrysideratherthanstayindoorsallday.5．effectn．结果；效力(1)haveaneffecton/upon对……有影响bring/carry/oeffect实施；使生效come/gointoeffect开始生效；开始实施takeeffect生效；开始实施(2)effectiveadj.有效的(3)affectvt.影响；感动；侵袭beaffectedby被……侵袭；被……感动beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧causeandeffect因果sideeffect副作用takeeffectivesteps采取有效措施haveagreateffectonhundredsofplantsaroundtheworld对世界上数百种植物物种产生重大影响[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thenewlawwillcomeintoeffectin2022;surelyitwillhaveaneffectontheindustryofthecountry.②Itwon'tbeeasytoputthechangesintoeffect,sowemustmakeeveryefforttodoit.③Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffective(effect)atlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.④_Affected(affect)withaseriousdisease，hewasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecovery.[能力提升]——词汇升级/句式升级普通表达：Smokingisbadforyourhealth,soyou'dbettergiveitup.①高级表达：Smokingaffects/has_a_bad_effect_onyourhealth,soyou'dbettergiveitup.②高级表达：You'd_better_give_up_smoking,_which_affects/has_a_bad_effect_on_your_health.(非限制性定语从句)6．covervt.包含，涉及；覆盖，掩盖；行走(路程)；采访/报道；占用(一段时间或空间)；(钱)足以支付n．封面(底)；盖子[一词多义]——写出下列句中cover的含义①Thetalksareexpectedtocoverothertopicstoo.包含；涉及②Lotsofreporterswereassignedtocoverthefootballmatches.报道；采访③AsthecapitalcityofChina,Beijingcoversalandof16,000squarekilometerswithapopulationof20million.占用(空间)④Duringthesummercamp,childrenwillbeinstructedbytheteachertocover30milesaday.行走(路程)⑤Doyouhaveenoughtocoverallyourdailyexpenses？足以支付[名师点津]cover(采访)的对象是“事”，interview(采访)的对象是“人”。cover...with...用……盖住……becoveredwith被……覆盖着(强调状态)becoveredby被……覆盖(强调动作)coveranareaof...占地面积为……becoveredwithheavysnow被厚厚的积雪覆盖covertheOlympicevents报道奥运赛事coveranareaof4,000squaremeters占地面积4000平方米[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thewindblewinfromthedesertandcoveredeverythingwithsand.②Then,covering(cover)herfacewithherhands,shebrokeawayandranquicklyupthestairs.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级这座城市占地面积为7434平方千米，人口大约是10,000,000.①普通表达：Thecitycovers_an_area_of7,434squarekilometers,andhasapopulationoftenmillion.②高级表达：Thecityhasapopulationoftenmillion,covering_an_area_of7,434squarekilometers.(现在分词短语作状语)1．Abuild­it­yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.自己动手建造太阳能蒸馏器是在不方便获取饮用水的地方获得饮用水的最好方法之一。[句型公式]此处way后接动词不定式作定语，表示“做……的方法”。(1)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰ability，chance，opportunity，desire，ambition，offer，anxiety，attempt等抽象名词。(2)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级或thenext，theonly，thelast等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。[名师点津]way后的定语有三种形式：todo，ofdoing和定语从句。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Theonlywaytosucceed(succeed)atthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefthatyouarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.②IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethefirstpersonto_know(know)it.③Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptsto_contact(contact)youfailed.④Theabilityto_express(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.[能力提升]——完成句子①我是我们学校第一个赢得那个竞赛的学生。I'mthefirststudentinourschoolto_win_the_contest.②对付煤气中毒的方法是打开门窗让新鲜空气进来。The_way_to_deal_withbeingpoisonedbythegasistoopenthedoorsandwindowstoletthefreshairin.2．Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.当容器满了的时候，你可以通过管子把饮料吸出来，而不用每次你需要喝东西的时候都把蒸馏器拆掉。[句型公式]everytime作连词，引导时间状语从句。(1)用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：themoment,theinstant,theminute,anytime,thenexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,theday等。(2)连词immediately,directly等引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。[名师点津]thefirsttime用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”；forthefirsttime是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。[金句推送](浙江卷)“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisiswhatmymotherusedtotellme.我妈妈过去常常告诉我“每次吃糖果时，喝杯绿茶”。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestination'stime.②IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoiceimmediately(immediate)Ipickedupthephone.③Soinsteadofgivingusanswersimmediately,sheencouragesusto_think(think)carefullyeverytimesheputsforwardquestions.④IknewthatJanewasaquietanddeterminedgirlthefirsttimeIsawherinclass.[能力提升]——完成句子每次他想要放弃的时候，他都提醒自己要养家糊口。Every_time_he_felt_like_giving_up，heremindedhimselfthathehadafamilytosupport.夯基固本·知识落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Theteacherinspir