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Unit1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Leadin

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?MaskupGetvaccinatedSelf-isolationPositivemeasuresaretakentofightagainstCovid-19.LeadinBesidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics(流行病)doyouknow?Cholera.Pre-readingJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?1.WhowasJohnSnow?

2.WhatisKingCholera?

3.HowdidJohnSnowdefeatKingCholera?Whatis

cholera?Choleraisaninfectiousdiseasethatcausesseverewaterydiarrhea(腹泻),whichcanleadtodehydration(脱水)andevendeathifuntreated.ItiscausedbyeatingfoodordrinkingwatercontainingabacteriumcalledVibriocholerae.Thediseaseismostcommoninplaceswithpoorsanitation(卫生设施),crowdingandwar.CommonlocationsincludepartsofAfrica,southAsia,andLatinAmerica.n.

霍乱Skimthepassagetoseeiftheorderyoudecidedabovewascorrect,andchoosethemainideaofthepassage.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.ThecauseofCholerawaspollutedwater.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.HowJohnSnowcollected,analyseddataandfoundthecauseofthediseaseanddefeatedit.Activity1Readforthemainideaandcheckpredictions

Para1Para2Para4Para5JohnSnowwanttousehisknowledgetosolvecolera.Heneededtoprovethesecondtheorywascorrect.Johnbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap&theprocess.Hefinallyfoundoutthatdirtywaterwasthecauseofcholera.JohnSnowmadegreatcontributionstomodernepidemiology.Para3WhoHowWhatHowUsethestagesinexamininganewscientificideatodescribeeachparagraph.drawaconclusionfindaproblemaskaquestioncollectdatafindsupportingevidenceWhatcausescholera?Whichtheoryiscorrect?Markinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie.Findotherevidencetoconfirmtheconclusion.Thewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedsothatitissafe.Activity3ReadfordetailedinformationinPara.1

What?It'soneofintheworld,becauseitcausesWhen?

Where?

Whatresults?

themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoea,dehydrationIntheearly19thcenturyEuropeMillionsofpeoplediedfromthediseaseCholeraandevendeath.Snowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EActivity3ReadfordetailedinformationinPara.2&3Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapStepsintheresearchManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterSnowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EActivity3ReadfordetailedinformationinPara.2&3Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapResearchmethoddrinkingwatermultipledeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.PublichouseClue:freebeerfrompublichouseResult:ThewatercamefromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Activity3ReadfordetailedinformationinPara.4&51.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondon?A.BadairB.WaterinfectedbyrawwasteC.PollutedairD.Waterpollutedbytheair

2.WhywasJohnSnowcalledthefatherofmodernepidemiology?Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Hetransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseasesinuseofmapandstatistics.WhatspiritscanwelearnfromascientistlikeJohnSnow?creativestrictpatientdeterminedpositivehard-workingconfidentambitious…Activity4Groupdiscussion

SummaryChoosetherightwordsfromtheboxandmakethesummarycomplete.

most,river,London,understood,water,sourcesNoone1.__________choleraandeverytimeitcame,thousandsdied.QueenVictoria’sdoctor,JohnSnow,wantedtofindouthowitwascaused.Whenthediseasecameto2.________againin1854,SnowLondon

understood

noticedthat3.________ofthe500peoplewhodiedhaddrunkthewaterfromawaterpumpinBroadStreet.Heconcludedthatthe4.________wastoblameandfoundthatthepump’swatercamefromadirty5.________.Afterhestoppedpeoplefromusingthepum

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