上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典2023上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题02（解析版）

模拟演练2：2023上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟演练2：2023上海名校高中自主招生英语一、语法从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because【答案】C【解析】试题解析：A.Once一旦B.If如果C.Although尽管D.Because因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有一些其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。2.Everymorninghespends________hourdoingexercise,thenhegoesto________work.A.a;aB.an;/C.a;/D.an;the2.B【详解】考查冠词。句意：他每天早上花一小时锻炼身体，然后去上班。根据句意，第一个空表示数量“一”，此处表示“一个小时”，应用不定冠词，且hour以元音音素开头，所以用an，第二个空用固定搭配gotowork“去工作”，所以work前用零冠词，故选B。3."You__haveawrongnumber,"shesaid."There'snooneofthatnamehere."A.needB.canC.mustD.would3.C【详解】考查情态动词。句意：“你一定打错了电话号码，”她说。“这里没有那个名字。”从“There'snooneofthatnamehere.”可知“你一定弄错号码了”。此处表示“肯定的推测”，故用must。A.need需要；B.can可能；C.must一定；D.would会。can常表示一种“理论上的”可能性，need显然不正确，would一般不表推测。故选C。4.YesterdayIbrokemyfavouritewatch,andnowIhavetogetit________.A.repairedB.repairingC.repairD.torepair4.A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天我把我最喜欢的手表弄坏了，现在我不得不去修理它。分析句子结构可知，此处用到get+宾语+宾语补足语，且宾语it也就是“手表”和repair“修理”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故选A。5.Myparents________inShandong.Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhere,else.A.livedB.willliveC.werelivingD.live5.D【详解】考查时态。句意：我的父母住在山东。他们出生在那里，从未在其他地方生活过。此空是句子谓语动词，根据句意，可知此处表示经常性的动作，也是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时态，主语是复数，所以用live，故选D。6.Themoneywillbeusedtohelpthepeople________homeswerelostintheearthquake.A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which6.B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这笔钱将用于帮助那些在地震中失去家园的人们。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语修饰名词homes，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选B。7.Currently,about35,000works________inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.A.weredisplayingB.aredisplayingC.werebeingdisplayedD.arebeingdisplayed7.D【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。8.Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp________weweredoinganexperiment.A.whileB.althoughC.untilD.unless8.A【详解】考查从属连词。句意：当我们做实验时，布莱克先生四处走动并提供帮助。A.while当……时；B.although虽然；C.until直到；D.unless如果不，除非。根据主句“Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp（布莱克先生四处走动并提供帮助）”和从句“weweredoinganexperiment（我们正在做实验）”可知，此处使用连词while“当……时”引导时间状语从句。故选A。9.________theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamshoutedhappily.A.TothrowB.ThrowingC.ThrownD.Beingthrown9.B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：获胜队的球迷们把帽子抛向空中，高声欢呼。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词shouted，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词throw与主句主语thefans之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。故选B。10.Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablemoreeasilythaneverbefore.A.whyB.towhomC.whenD.onwhich10.C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。分析句子结构和句意可知，此空引导定语从句，先行词是age，表示时间，从句结构完整，先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以此从句用关系副词when引导；也可用介词加关系代词引导，根据常用搭配inanage，可知介词选择in，age指物，关系代词用which，可用inwhich引导，结合选项，故选C。11.---Didyoutidyyourroom?---No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI______visitors.A.had B.have C.havehad D.willhave11答案：A解析：根据所提供的情景“Iwasgoingtotidymyroom”可判断出要用一般过去时，表示过去所发生的事。一般现在时表示经常性的动作或存在的状态。现在完成时表示已经完成动作或从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即“过去的过去”；都与所提供的情境矛盾。12.---Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.---Great!You______readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.must B.should C.musthave D.shouldhave12答案：C解析：“musthave+动词+ed形式”表示“一定做了某事”。根据所提供的情景“Guesswhat!IhavegotAformyteampaper.”可判断出一定进行了广泛阅读并做了大量工作。must意为“一定，必须”，后接动词原形表示“一定或必须做某事”。should意为“应该”，后接动词原形表示“应该做某事”。都是对对方的要求。“shouldhave+动词+ed形式”表示“本来应该做某事，而没有做”，常用于表示责备。13.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.when B.why C.whether D.that13答案：D解析：that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。“...wesleepbecauseourbrainis”programmed“tomakeustoso”是一个完整的句子，所以要用that引导。when和where在表语从句中作状语，分别表示“在……的时候”和“在……地方”。whether意为“是否”。14.Atminus130℃,alivingcellcanbe______forathousandyears.A.spared B.protected C.preserved D.developed14答案：C解析：preserve意为“保持,保存”，根据所提供的情景atminus130℃可判断出表示“至少在零下130℃，活体细胞才能被保存1000年。spare意为“节约,节省，分让,提供”；protect意为“保护”；develop意为“发展,发达,发扬,进步”。15.Asanewdiplomat.heoftenthinksof______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.A.what B.which C.that D.how15.【答案】Ｄ【解析】主要测试连词。此题同上面的第３７题，解题关键：主要考虑句子中缺少什么成分。译文：作为一名新的外交官，他经常考虑对这种情况如何做出更加适合的反映。句子中缺少的应该是状语，而且四个答案充当的句子成分也各不相同，故此选how最佳。二、词汇填空Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．contribute

B．global

C．bringing

D．originally

E.concerned

F.seekingG.features

H.power

I.positions

J.engineered

K.regularlyWhenitcomestoinnovativecountries,wealwaysthinkofplacesliketheUS,theUKandGermany.However,Israelisalsoa(n)___1____leaderininnovation.AccordingtotheWorldEconomicForum’sglobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017,Israelisthesecondmostinnovativenationintheworld,justafterSwitzerland.Manyofusmaynotbeaware,buttechnologies___2____inIsraelhavechangedourlives.Forexample,antivirussoftwarethatprotectsourcomputerswas___3____developedinIsraelinthe1970s,accordingtoTheTelegraph.Inaddition,____4____onourmobilephonessuchasvoicemailandSMSwerealsodevelopedinIsrael.SoitcomesasnosurprisethatIsraelplanstouseitsinnovativestrengthto___5____thecooperationwithChinaintheBeltandRoadInitiative.AslongasIsraelisneeded,itwillsparenoeffortto___6____totheproject,saidIsraeliPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahuduringhisvisittoChinainMarch,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.ManyIsraelienvironmentaltechnologycompanieshavealreadysetupfacilitiesinShandongprovince,____7____Israelitechniquestomanyareassuchasrecyclingwaterforagriculturaluse,reportedtheTimesofIsrael.Foundedonverydryland,Israelhadbeen____8____aboutwaterforaverylongtime.However,inrecentyears,thequalityandquantityofwaterinIsraelhavebeenimproved,withthehelpoftechniquesthatturnMediterraneanseawaterandwastewaterintousablewater.Infact,suchinnovationshaveledtomoreandmoreChinesestudents____9____qualityhighereducationinIsrael.“WhenChinesestudentswhostudyheregobackhome,theywillbein____10____toinfluenceChina-Israelrelationshipsinthefuture,”EmmaAfter-man,managerofIsrael-ChinaAcademicRelationsattheCouncilforHigherEducation,toldtheJerusalemPost.【答案】1．B

2．J

3．D

4．G

5．H

6．A

7．C

8．E

9．F

10．I【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了以色列是仅次于瑞士的世界上创新能力第二强的国家。以色列的技术已经改变了我们的生活；以色列计划利用其创新的力量来推动与中国在“一带一路”的合作；许多以色列环保技术公司已经在山东省设立了设施，将以色列的技术引进到许多地区。1．考查形容词。句意：然而，以色列也是创新领域的全球领导者。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词leader，应用形容词作定语，global“全球的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。2．考查动词。句意：我们中的许多人可能没有意识到，但以色列设计的技术已经改变了我们的生活。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，engineered“设计制造”是动词的过去分词形式，作后置定语修饰名词technologies，符合句意。故选J项。3．考查副词。句意：例如，据《每日电讯报》报道，保护我们电脑的防病毒软件最初是在20世纪70年代在以色列开发的。分析句子结构，空处修饰动词developed，应用副词形式作状语，originally“起初”为副词，符合句意。故选D项。4．考查名词。句意：此外，我们手机上的语音邮件和短信等功能也是以色列研发的。分析句子结构，空处作句子主语，且谓语动词使用weredeveloped，主语应用名词的复数形式，features“为实现某功能而具有的特性”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。5．考查动词。句意：因此，以色列计划利用其创新力量推动与中国在“一带一路”倡议中的合作就不足为奇了。结合语意，以色列计划利用其创新力量是为了推动与中国在“一带一路”倡议中的合作，所以应用不定式结构作目的状语，空前已经出现to，空处应用动词原形形式，power“推动”是动词原形形式，符合句意。故选H项。6．考查动词。句意：据新华社报道，以色列总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡（BenjaminNetanyahu）3月访问中国时表示，只要以色列被需要，它将不遗余力地为该项目做出贡献。sparenoefforttodosth.为固定结构，表示“不遗余力做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形形式，contribute“贡献”为动词原形，符合句意。故选A项。7．考查动词。句意：据《以色列时报》报道，许多以色列环境技术公司已经在山东省建立了设施，将以色列的技术应用于许多领域，如农业用水的循环利用。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，bringing“带来”是动词现在分词形式，与逻辑主语ManyIsraelienvironmentaltechnologycompanies之间是主动关系，作句子状语，符合句意。故选C项。8．考查形容词。句意：以色列建立在非常干燥的土地上，很长一段时间以来一直为水而担心。结合语意，以色列建在干燥的土地上，所以以色列会为水而担心，concerned“担心的”为形容词，作句子表语，符合句意。故选E项。9．考查动词。句意：事实上，这些创新已经导致越来越多的中国学生在以色列寻求高质量的高等教育。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，seeking“寻求”是动名词形式，作介词to的宾语，符合句意。故选F项。10．考查名词。句意：当在这里学习的中国学生回国后，他们将能够影响未来的中以关系。分析句子结构，空处用于介词in之后，应用名词形式作宾语，positions“位置”是名词，inpositionsto为固定搭配，表示“处于可以……的位置，有能力……”，符合句意。故选I项。三、完形填空It’sbeenfiveyearssinceIcametoAmerica.TheyearbeforeIarrived,everyweekendIwaswokenupby“SpringRiverintheFlowerMoonNight”,____1____bymymotheronaZheng.Mymomwasalwaysenchanted(着迷)bythebeautyofChinesetraditionalmusic,____2____sheneverhadthechancetolearna(n)____3____.In2009,shegotaZhengfromafriendandhasbeenplayingandperformingeversince.SometimeswhenI____4____her,IsearchforthesongsheusedtoplayontheInternet.I____5____expectedtohearthemhereinBoston.Earlierthisyear,asI____6____anewapartment,ImetZhanTaoLin.thedirectoroftheBostonChineseMusiciansAssociation.AtLin’shouse,Iheardthe____7____oftheerhu.Linlater____8____metohismusicteamandIheardthenrehearse(排练)fora____9____thisyear.Itwasbeautifulandpowerful—it_____10_____broughtmebacktomyhometowninChina.1．A．played B．directed C．written D．invented2．A．and B．but C．or D．so3．A．trade B．instrument C．language D．trick4．A．mention B．hate C．call D．miss5．A．only B．still C．never D．already6．A．lookedafter B．lookedat C．lookedup D．lookedfor7．A．sound B．story C．name D．cry8．A．followed B．ordered C．introduced D．guided9．A．competition B．performance C．game D．conference10．A．secretly B．recently C．suddenly D．usually【答案】1．A

2．B

3．B

4．D

5．C

6．D

7．A

8．C

9．B

10．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了受妈妈的影响，作者非常喜欢中国古典音乐，在波士顿找房的时候遇到华人音乐家协会会长，并把作者介绍给他的音乐团队，让他有机会再次感受中国音乐的魅力。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我来的前一年，每个周末我都被妈妈用古筝演奏的《花月夜春江》吵醒。A.played弹奏；B.directed指导；C.written写作；D.invented发明。根据上文“TheyearbeforeIarrived,everyweekendIwaswokenupby“SpringRiverintheFlowerMoonNight””可知是我妈妈用古筝演奏的的曲子，故选A。2．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈总是被中国传统音乐的美迷住，但她从来没有机会学习一种乐器。A.and并且；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.so所以。根据“sheneverhadthechancetolearna(n)”可知上下文是转折关系，故选B。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.trade交易；B.instrument乐器；C.language语言；D.trick窍门。根据下文“In2009,shegotaZhengfromafriend”可知我妈妈从来没有机会学习一种乐器，故选B。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候我想她的时候，就会在网上搜索她曾经演奏过的曲子。A.mention提到；B.hate憎恨；C.call叫；D.miss想念。根据下文“IsearchforthesongsheusedtoplayontheInternet”可知是我想念我妈妈的时候，故选D。5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我从没想过会在波士顿听到。A.only仅仅；B.still仍然；C.never从不；D.already已经。根据文章开头“It’sbeenfiveyearssinceIcametoAmerica.”可知作者搬到了美国，所以从未想过会在波士顿听这样的曲子，故选C。6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年早些时候，在我找新公寓的时候，我遇到了林占涛。A.lookedafter照顾；B.lookedat查看；C.lookedup查找；D.lookedfor寻找。根据下文“anewapartment”可知是在波士顿找住处，故选D。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在林家，我听到了二胡的声音。A.sound声音；B.story故事；C.name名字；D.cry哭。根据下文“erhu”，可知是听到了二胡的声音。故选A。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，林把我介绍给了他的音乐团队，我听到他们在为今年的一场演出排练。A.followed跟随；B.ordered命令；C.introduced介绍；D.guided指导。根据下文“Iheardthenrehearse(排练)”可知林把我介绍给了他的音乐团队，所以我才能听到他们的排练，故选C。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.competition竞赛；B.performance表演；C.game游戏；D.conference会议。根据上文“Linlater8metohismusicteamandIheardthenrehearse(排练)”可知是音乐团队的演出排练，故选B。10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它是美丽的和强大的——它突然把我带回我在中国的家乡。A.secretly秘密地；B.recently最近；C.suddenly突然地；D.usually通常地。根据上文“Itwasbeautifulandpowerful”可知听到美妙的曲子，突然把我带回了家乡，勾起了思乡之情，故选C。四、阅读理解AEngineersandscientistsattheUniversityofTexasatAustinhavedevelopedauniquesolutiontohelppeopleintheseareasgetcleandrinkingwater.Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝胶膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcanabsorbuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Forthoselivinginaclimatewithrelativehumidity(潮湿),onekilogramofgelcancollectupto13litersofwateraday.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.Previously,researchershaveharvestedfreshwaterfromfoganddew,butthatonlyservesareaswithhighhumidity.Otherattemptsatpullingwaterfromdesertairconsumelotsofenergyanddonotproducemuch.Infact,thisgelisabigimprovementfrompreviouswaterharvestingtechnologies.Themaximumwaterharvestedhasbeen5.87litersinplaceswithrelativehumidity.Thisnewgeldoublesthisamount,usesnoenergyandissimpletooperateanditcanbemoldedintoashapeorsizethatbestsuitstheuser.“Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutconsistentaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水装置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.1．Whatdoweknowaboutthegelfilmfromparagraph2?A．Itcanincreasethehumidityoftheair.B．Itcanharvestdrinkingwaterfromtheair.C．Ithasbeenwidelyappliedindesertareas.D．Itcostslotsofmoneyandenergytoproduce.2．WhatisGuihuaYu’sattitudetowardsthenewwater-harvestingmethod?A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical.C．Disapproving. D．Hopeful.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“straightforward”inlastparagraphmean?A．easy. B．straight. C．frank. D．cheap4．Whatwillscientistsplantodonext?A．Developathickergel.B．Producethegelonalargescale.C．Raisemoneyforfurtherresearch.D．Teachpeopletomakethegelathome.【答案】1．B

2．D

3．A

4．A【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的工程师和科学家开发了一种独特的解决方案，帮助这些地区的人们获取清洁的饮用水。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝胶膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcanabsorbuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.（他们研发了一种低成本的凝胶膜，这种凝胶膜即使在干燥的气候下也能从空气中吸水。在干燥的气候中，仅一公斤的凝胶就能吸收6升的水。因为这种凝胶价格低且易于制作，它可以为缺水国家提供饮用水。）”可知，这种凝胶膜可以从空气中获取饮用水，故选B。2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutconsistentaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水装置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”（科克雷尔工程学院的教授GuihuaYu说道：‘这一新发明是很实用的解决方法，地球上最热最干燥的地区的人们可以使用这个方法来获取水。这能让无法一直拥有饮用水的百万人在家就可以简单地操作这一取水装置。’）”可知，认为，GuihuaYu这一新的取水装置能满足无法获取饮用水的人的需求，故他对这一取水设备是充满希望的，故选D。3．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段““Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”（Youhong“Nancy”Guo说道：‘这并不是需要你有高级学位才能使用的东西，它很简单，以至于如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作’。）”中straightforward一词的前后文的提示“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse（这并不是需要你有高级学位才能使用的东西）”“anyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.（如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作）”可知，这一设备是任何人都能制作出来的，故此处的“straightforward”与A项“easy简单的”意思相近，故选A。4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.（科学家们正计划制作一个更厚的凝胶，以提高产量，使这项技术成为解决干旱的可行方案。）”可知，科学家们接下来会计划研发一个更厚的凝胶，故选A。BForlate19th-centuryNorthAmericansandEuropeans,adisplayoftableware(餐具)couldrevealmuchaboutsomeone’ssocialposition,asthewealthytookgreatcaretogetdifferentkindsofforksforeverything.Beforethe18thcentury,peopleofallclassesusuallyatewithaknifeandaspoon.Thefork’spathtothetablewashard-wonandslow.InancientEgypt,Greece,andRome,forkswereusedforslicingfoodintopiecesorliftingmeatfromapotorfire.Followingareductioninsize,theforkappearedtohaveentereddiningareasinthecourtsoftheMiddleEastandByzantineEmpirebytheeighthandninthcenturies,andbecamecommonamongwealthyfamiliestherebythetenthcentury.Earlyinthe11thcentury,itappearedinvariouspiecesofEuropeanart.Inthelate11thcentury,St.PeterDamianfromOstiawroteaboutaByzantineprincesswhousedforksandregardedherdyingofadiseaseaspunishmentforsuch“luxury”.Thefork’sslowconquestofEuropewascarriedoutfromItaly.Motivatedbythesameconcernsforhygiene(卫生)，forkswereboughtbywealthyBritons，inspiredbyQueenVictoria,whoregardedforkuseasasignofgoodmanners.Thefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmericadatesbackto1633,whenJohnWinthrop,afounderoftheMassachusettsBayColony,wasgiftedasetofforks.TheIndustrialRevolutionstrengthenedthefork’spresenceondiningroomtablesasproductionofflatwarebecamelessexpensive.Writingin1896inSocialEriquere，MaudC．CookedeclaredtheforkhadfinallyconqueredtheknifeinAmericaand“anyattempttogivetheknifeimportanceattableislookeduponasanoffense(冒犯)againstgoodtaste.”5．Whatcanwelearnaboutforksfromparagraph1?A．Theywereusedimproperlyinthe18thcentury.B．Theyhadmanydifferenttypesinthe19thcentury.C．TheywerepopularinEuropebeforethe18thcentury.D．TheyledtoNorthAmerican’sriseinsocialposition.6．WhatwasafunctionofforksinancientEgypt?A．Toeatfood. B．Todecoratetables.C．Tocutfood. D．Tocreateworksofart.7．Whowasagainsttheuseofforks?A．St.PeterDamian. B．ThomasCoryate.C．QueenVictoria D．MaudC．Cooke.8．Whatmarkedthebeginningofthefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmerica?A．TheappearanceofflatwareB．ThestartoftheIndustrialRevolution.C．JohnWinthropreceivingforksaspresents.D．MaudC．CookewritingSocialEtiquette.【答案】5．B

6．C

7．A

8．C【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了叉子的演变以及在不同时期的使用。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Forlate19th-centuryNorthAmericansandEuropeans,adisplayoftableware(餐具)couldrevealmuchaboutsomeone’ssocialposition,asthewealthytookgreatcaretogetdifferentkindsofforksforeverything.（对于19世纪晚期的北美和欧洲来说，餐具的摆放能展示一个人的社会地位，因为有钱人非常小心地为所有的东西准备了不同种类的叉子。）”可知，在19世纪，叉子有着不同的类型，故选B。6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“InancientEgypt,Greece,andRome,forkswereusedforslicingfoodintopiecesorliftingmeatfromapotorfire.（在古埃及、希腊和罗马，叉子被用来将食物切片，或者从锅里和火里将肉取出。）”可知，在古埃及，叉子是用来切割食物的，故选C。7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Inthelate11thcentury,St.PeterDamianfromOstiawroteaboutaByzantineprincesswhousedforksandregardedherdyingofadiseaseaspunishmentforsuch“luxury”.（在11世纪末，奥斯蒂亚的St.PeterDamian写了一篇关于拜占庭公主使用叉子的文章，并将她死于疾病视为这种“奢侈”的惩罚。）”可知，St.PeterDamian是反对使用叉子的，故选A。8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmericadatesbackto1633,whenJohnWinthrop,afounderoftheMassachusettsBayColony,wasgiftedasetofforks.（叉子被引入到北美可以追溯到1633年，当时马萨诸塞湾殖民地的创始人JohnWinthrop收到了一套叉子。）”可知，JohnWinthrop收到叉子的礼物，标志着叉子被引入北美，故选C。CSomepeoplethinkifyouarehappy,youareblindtoreality.Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.Howdidwemissthis?Whydowehavethesesocialmisunderstandingsabouthappiness?Becauseweassumedyouwereaverage.Whenwestudypeople,scientistsareofteninterestedinwhattheaverageis.Manypeoplethinkhappinessisgenetic.That’sonlyhalfthestory,becausetheaveragepersondoesnotfighttheirgenes.Whenwestopstudyingtheaverageandbeginresearchingpositiveoutliers--peoplewhoareaboveaverageforapositiveaspectlikeoptimismorintelligence--awildlydifferentpictureappears.Ourdailydecisionsandhabitshaveahugeimpactuponbothourlevelsofhappinessandsuccess.Scientifically,happinessisachoice.Itisachoiceaboutwhereyoursingleprocessorbrainwilldevoteitslimitedresourcesasyouprocesstheworld.Ifyouscanforthenegativefirst,yourbrainreallyhasnoresourcesleftovertoseethethingsyouaregratefulfororthemeaningembedded(嵌入)inyourwork.Butifyouscantheworldforthepositive,youstarttoacquireanamazingadvantage.IwrotethecoverstoryfortheHarvardBusinessReviewmagazineon“HappinessLeadstoProfits”.Basedonmyarticlecalled“PositiveIntelligence”andmyresearchinTheHappinessAdvantage,Isummarizedourresearchedconclusion:thesinglegreatestadvantageinthemoderneconomyisahappyandbusyworkforce.Adecadeofresearchinthebusinessworldprovesthathappinessraisesnearlyeverybusinessandeducationaloutcome:increasingsalesby37%,productivityby31%,andaccuracyontasksby19%,aswellasanumberofhealthandquality-of-lifeimprovements.9．Theunderlinedword“this”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A．thefactthatpeoplearehappyB．theconnectionbetweenhappinessandeducationaloutcomeC．thefactthatpeopleoftenmisunderstandhappinessD．thefactthatmostpeopleareaverage10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Scientistsareonlyinterestedinwhattheaverageis.B．Youcanchoosetobehappyornot.C．Theaveragearenothappyatall.D．Ourdecisionsandhabitshavenothingtodowithhappiness.11．Whydoesthewritermentionhisarticlesandresearch?A．Toadvertisehimself.B．Toarousethereaders’interest.C．Tosupporthispointabouthappiness.D．Toattractthereaderstoreadhisarticles.12．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A．Todescribethemisunderstandingsabouthappiness.B．Toshowpeopletheimportanceofhappiness.C．Tomakethepointofwhatbusinessandeducationaloutcomeliesin.D．Tomakethepointthathappinesspromotesbusinessandeducationaloutcome.【答案】9．B

10．B

11．C

12．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章针对“幸福”这一主题展开论述，论述了幸福感的提升对我们日常的经济业务与教育成果有重大益处。9．词义猜测题。this应指代上文出现的内容。由文章第一段第二句“Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.(但当我们对它进行研究时，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果)”可知，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果。故可推知，下文中的this指代的是上一句中幸福和教育结果之间的关系，故选B。10．推理判断题。由第三段的“Scientifically,happinessisachoice.(科学地说，幸福是一种选择)”和“Ifyouscanforthenegativefirst,yourbrainreallyhasnoresourcesleftovertoseethethingsyouaregratefulfororthemeaningembedded(嵌入)inyourwork.Butifyouscantheworldforthepositive,youstarttoacquireanamazingadvantage.(如果你先看消极的一面，你的大脑真的没有余力去看你感激的事情或你工作的意义。但如果你从积极的角度审视这个世界，你就会开始获得惊人的优势)”可知，你如果心态消极，那么你就看不见你所感恩的东西，同样也看不到工作的意义。但是如果你积极的细看这个世界，你会开始获得令人意想不到的益处。通过这两种态度可以得出，幸福就是一个选择，你可以选择快乐你也可以选择悲伤，关键在于你自己，故选B。11．推理判断题。由文章第四段第一、二句“IwrotethecoverstoryfortheHarvardBusinessReviewmagazineon“HappinessLeadstoProfits”.Basedonmyarticlecalled“PositiveIntelligence”andmyresearchinTheHappinessAdvantage,Isummarizedourresearchedconclusion:thesinglegreatestadvantageinthemoderneconomyisahappyandbusyworkforce.(我为《哈佛商业评论》杂志撰写了题为“幸福带来好处”的封面故事。根据我的文章《积极的智力》和我在《幸福优势》中的研究，我总结了我们的研究结论：现代经济中最大的单一优势是快乐和忙碌的劳动力)”可推知，作者提及自己写的文章和调查研究，是为了支撑中心论点——幸福感，故选C。12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段的“Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.(但当我们对它进行研究时，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果)可知，本文主要围绕人的幸福感展开论述，通过人们对幸福的不同理解和作者的佐证，以及利用研究调查得出一重要结论——幸福感可以促进业务和增强教育成果。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了证明为了证明幸福能促进事业和教育成果。故选D。DHaveyoueveryelledatyourcomputerbecauseitwasn’tworking?Yourcomputercouldn’t“yell”back-untilnow.AIresearchersarenowworkingoncomputersthatcanargueandperhapsevenwindebateswithhumans.IBMscientistspublishedapaperinNatureonMarch17abouttheirnewAIsystem-ProjectDebater.Itcandebatewithpeopleindependentlyinfrontofliveaudiences.Afterlisteningtoargumentsfromitsopponent(对手),thesystemcansearcharound400milliononlinearticlesinlessthanfiveminutes.Itlooksforideasthatcansupportitsownargument.Testingonthesystembeganin2019whenitdebatedwithHarishNatarajan,aprofessionaldebaterwhoholdstheworldrecordformostdebatecompetitionvictories.Thedebatetopicwaswhetherornotpreschoolshouldbesubsidized(给.....补助),andtheAIsystemarguedinfavorofthisidea.AlthoughtheAIlostthedebateintheendbasedontheaudiencevote,theaudiencesaiditdidverywell.Interestingly,58percentoftheaudiencesaidthatProjectDebaterincreasedtheirknowledgeaboutthetopic,whileonly20percentsaidthesameaboutNatarajan.Also,ProjectDebaterhasshownstrengthatmakingimpressiveandlogicalopeningstatementsinthedebate,accordingtoScientificAmerican.Aftercompetingwithvarioushumandebaters,theAIsystem’soverallperformanceremainsinferior(逊色的),“fullycapableofsoundingawkwardduringanargument,”notedScientificAmerican.Inotherwords,theback-and-forthargumentsintheAIsystem’sdebatesdon’tsoundlikearealhumanconversation.“Onstage,ProjectDebaterisfarfromperfect,anditsmissteps(过失)revealjusthowdifficultandhowhumanargumentationanddebateare,”saidcomputerscientistChrisReedoftheUniversityofDundeeintheUK.Humansandtechnologyhavebeenfacingofffordecades.In1997,IBM’sDeepBluebecamethefirstcomputertodefeatareigning(卫冕的)chesschampion,bestingtitan(巨人)GarryKasparovinasix-gamematch.Soaftertwodecades,haveIBM’sresearchersjustreproduceda“DeepBlue”todebate?It’smuchmorethanthat,theresearchersnoted.Argumentanddebatearefundamental(基本的)capabilities(能力)ofhumanintelligence,andit’sastepoutsideofAI’scomfortzonetoenterthisrealm(领域),accordingtothearticleinNature.13．HowcanProjectDebaterdebatewithhumans?A．Bylearningfromhumans.B．Bymakinguseofitsinternaldata.C．Bylisteningtoresearchers’instructions.D．Bycollectingalotofdatainashorttime.14．WhatdidthemajorityoftheaudiencethinkabouttheperformanceofProjectDebaterinthetesting?A．Itmadethemmoreawareofthetopic.B．Itsstatementswerenotlogicalenough.C．ItsoverallperformancewasbetterthanNatarajan’s.D．Itsopeningstatementswereboring.15．Whatdoparagraphs4and5mainlytalkabout?A．ThedisadvantagesofProjectDebater.B．ProjectDebater’scompetitionswithotherhumandebaters.C．TheapplicationoftheAsysteminthefuture.D．ChallengesfacingtheAIsystemandhumandebaters.16．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A．ProjectDebaterisconsideredanupdatedversionofDeepBlue.B．HumanshaveanadvantageoverAIindebating.C．AIhasalongwaytogobeforeitcanwinagainsthumans.D．AItechnologyhasn’tprogressedmuchinthelastdecades.【答案】1．D

2．A

3．A

4．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能研究的项目——与人类进行辩论的ProjectDebater。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Afterlisteningtoargumentsfromitsopponent