复合句定语从句课件高考英语一轮复习

定语从句EFFICIENTCLASSROOM概念：复合句中用来修饰和限定名词和代词的句子

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词。

分类：

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句‌关系代词EFFICIENTCLASSROOMPART-01关系代词先行词在从句中的作用区分that

which

who

whom

whose

as

that既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.这个古老的小镇有狭窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。

Somepeopleregisteralistofthingsthattheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.有些人会在当地的家或多家商店里为他们的新家登记他们想要或需要的东西清单。which用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。

Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面，她很有天赋。that和which的用法区分（只能用which的情况）

(1)、引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which,不用that。●Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifiessuccessintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.(2)、关系代词指物，且其前有介词时，只用which，不用that。●Protectingthemountainforestsinwhichgiantpandaslivehasbeengoodformanyotheranimals.(3)、先行词本身是that时，只用which。●Whatisthatwhichyouhaveputintotheplasticcup.

关系代词只用that不用which的情况。(1)、先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,none,something,everything,

nothing,anything等时。(2)、先行词被theonly,

thevery,thelast,

thesame,theright,all,any,

every,each,few,little,no，some等词修饰时。(3)、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(4)、先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。(5)、先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。(6)、当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。(7)有两个定语从句时，如果一个从句用which引导，则另一个从句用that引导。(8)、主句是therebe句型，且关系词在从句中作主语时，如果先行词指物、用that，不用which；如果先行词指人,常用who引导定语从句。

1．Theyaskedaboutthethingsandteachers______theystillrememberedintheschool.2．Libraryisalwaysthefirstplace________hegoestowhenhefeelsupset.3．Whoistheperson________isstandingatthegate?4．China’sChang’e5lunarprobe________landedonthemoonhassuccessfullybroughtmoonsamplesbacktoearth.5．Thisisthehotel________hestayedatlastmonth.

6．Peoplespokehighlyofthedriver___________,inspiteoftheterribleweather,hadsavedhispassengersfromdanger.7．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirstrengths.8．Thisistheboy________fatherdiedthreeyearsago.9．Isawsometrees___________leaveswereblackwithdisease.10．MsWangistheteacher____________sonwasadmittedtoPekingUniversity.

who用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Hisson,age15,whohadtakenanartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomethingunusualabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.

whom用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替;但是,若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语,，不可用who代替。Inourclassthereare48students,halfofwhomaregirls.whose

表示所属关系,既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于ofwhich；指人时相当于ofwhom。Dr.Rowan,whose

secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

Thehousewhoseroofispaintedblueismyhome.

as

引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构:①such+名词+as…,意为像……一样的；像……之类的”;②such(+代词+as)

意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；③thesame(+名词+)as…,意为“和……一样的”。Heissuchamanasisalwaysreadytohelpothers..

Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的as,样的书。as引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分,意为“正如;

asiswell--known/knowntoallasisexpected/reported/announcedashasbeensaidbeforeasismentionedabove关系副词PART-02关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when

where

why

关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表示时间的介词(in,at,on,during等)+which”●Helivedinthetimeswhen（=inwhich）theblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.在他生活的那个时代，盲人没受过多少教育。●Thedaysaregonewhen（=duringwhich)physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。

关系副词where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表示地点的介词(in,at,on,under等)+which'”●Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,where(=atwhich)weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在那里我们欣赏到了壮丽的湖光美景。●Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwhere(=inwhich)largeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.这些袋子中很多的最终归宿是大海,在那里，大一些的袋子会困住海洋生物，如海龟和海豚。

【特别注意】若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation,point,stage,position等，且引词在从句中作状语，●Ihavecometothepointwhere（=atwhich）Ican'tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。●He'sgotintothesituationwhere（=inwhich）heisindebt.他已经陷入负债累累的境地。●Atlasthegottheposition（that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。抽象地点总结：point、stage、position、case、policy、condition、situation、activity、atmosphere、platform、website...关系副词why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.●Isthisthereasonwhy（=forwhich）herefusedouroffer?

这就是他拒绝我们的提议的理由吗?●Doyouknowthereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedidn'tattendthemeeting?

你知道他没参加会议的原因吗?

1我们的生命依靠着我们从中获得食物的土地。

Ourlivesdependonthelandwhere/fromwhichwegetourfood.2他不大可能找到十年前吃过晚餐的那个小饭馆了。

It’simpossibleforhimtofindtherestaurantinwhich/wherehehaddinner10yearsago.3我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料materials。（用such…as…）

Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.4长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。

TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.

5[泰坦尼克号Titanic]是这些精彩的电影中唯一由好莱坞Hollywood制作的电影。

TitanicistheonlyoneofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.6我们经历了一个阶段，这期间在农村的通信是非常困难的。(用inwhich)

Wewentthroughaperiodinwhichcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.

7这么多年来，唯一令我不能忘怀的就是家乡的那条河。

Foralltheseyears,theonlythingthatIcan’tforgetistheriverinmyhometown.介词+关系代词PART-03

介词的选择可依据以下原则：(1)根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。IadmiremyEnglishteacherverymuchfromwhomIlearnalot.(learnfromsb为固定搭配)(2)根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。Therearesomepeopletowhomyoucanturn.(turntosb为固定搭配)(3)根据从句中的形容词搭配来确定。HeintroducedmesomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.(befamiliarwith为固定搭配)(4)表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。Shehasseenmanyfilms，ofwhichKungFuPandaisherfavorite.

1.(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我计划在暑期到一家公司做兼职，期望通过这种方式来提高我的英语口语和社交能力。Iamplanningtodoapart-timejobinaforeigncompanyduringthesummerbreak，throughwhichIcouldimprovemyspokenEnglishandsocialskills.2.(天津高考书面表达)我想借此机会表达你对我慷慨帮助的感激之情，没有你的帮助，我不会取得如此快的进步。

I’dliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmygratitudetoyouforyourgeneroushelp,withoutwhichIwouldn’tmakesuchrapidprogress.

3.(四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。Therearefourseasonsinayear，eachofwhichhasdistinctivefeatures.4.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我攒下的所有的积蓄。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,

onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.5.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是家人。Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhomarefamilymembers.练习时间

易错：1.定语从句&并列句①Theyliveinasmallhouse,infrontof________standsanorangetree.②Theyliveinasmallhouse,andinfrontof________standsanorangetree.③Theoldmanhasthreesons,noneof_________isadoctor.④Theoldmanhasthreesons,butnoneof__________isadoctor.which；it；whom；them2.关系代词&关系副词1）Iwillneverforgetthesedays,________wedevotedtofinishingtheprojectontime.2）Iwillneverforgetthesedays,________weplayedbasketballtogethereveryday.which；when

1）Thereason

hedidn'tcomeintimeispoorhealth.

2）Thereason

hegaveforhisabsencedidn'tholdwater.

3）Weareatapoint

weneedtomakeadecision.

4）Themuseum

wevisitedlastweekwasverycrowded.

5）Iwillremembertheday

wevisityou

6）Iwillremembertheday

wespenttogetherwhy；that/which；where；that/which；when；that/which3.关系代词as的用法1）Heissuchagoodboy_______everyoneinourclassloveshimalot.2）Heissuchagoodboy_______islovedbyallthestudentsinourclass.1）________isknowntousall,MoYanbecomessofamousafterhewintheNoblePrize.2）________isknowntousallisthatMoYanbecomessofamousafterhewintheNoblePrize.3）________isknowntousallthatMoYanbecomessofamousafterhewintheNoblePrize.that；as；as；What；It4.当先行词是way时，引导词的选择。要点1_________________________________________________1）Idon’tliketheway_______youspeaktoyourparents.that/inwhich/不填5.定语从句与强调句式的区别要点______________________________________________1）Itwasin1990_______myfathersetuphisownschool.2）Itwas1990_______myfathersetuphisownschool.强调句去掉itisthat仍旧是一个完整的句式

that；when1．Toattractvisitorstothecoaster,theparkhasjustreleased(发布)newphotosandvideosonline,________showwhatthecoasterwillbelikefromtheperspective(视角)ofpersonriding.2．Meanwhile,astheconstructiongoeson,moreroadswillbebuiltandtheMetrosystemwillbeexpanded,________canreducetrafficjams.3．Themajorityoftheadswerealsopromotingextra-curriculareducationinstitutions,________havebeencondemnedforputtingextraacademicpressureonstudents.4．Afterrunningarestaurantforseveralyears,heretiredattheageof65andreceivedhisfirstsocialsecuritycheck,________wasfor$105,ashisonlyincome.5．______youknow,Juliaisleavingsoon.6．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome___________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatsmallvillage.7．Stevenisadesigner________workshavewoninternationalpraise.8．Johnhasbeenunwell,andthismaybethereason________helostthematch.9．Gonearethedays________surgerymeantcuttingapatientopen.Modernmedicineoffersdoctorslessinvasivetoolstooperateondisease-strickenbodies.

10．Inadditiontothistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituations________wouldbringaboutpositiveemotions.11．Thetrainranovertoaboyandhisdog________werejustcrossingthetrack.12．IhavebeenreadingCommonwealthbyAnnPatchettrecently.Ithinkitisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveeverread.13．Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesthathespenthischildhood.14．Ifyouwanttolearnthepianowell,all_______youhavetodoistopracticeeverydaywithcorrectmethods.15．Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeople________theymetduringthetrip.16