译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT4 Period4课件

Period4

UNIT4

Exploringpoetry主题语境人与社会——诗歌领域的代表性作品和人物课时学案单元语法讲练(Grammarandusage)break

down

损坏；使分解；出故障break

in 强行进入；插嘴，打断break

into 强行闯入；突然开始break

out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break

away

from 从(政党、组织等)脱离出去；从……中逃脱/挣脱；

离开(家、家庭或工作)1．break

with

sth．与某事终止关联，破除[即学即练]

完成句子①警察抓住那扒手的手臂，却被他挣脱逃走了。The

pickpocket

________________________________

who

had

been

holding

his

arm．②别人说话的时候千万别插嘴。Never

_______

while

others

are

talking．③那幢楼里的电梯总出故障。The

elevators

in

that

building

_____________________．brokeawayfromthepolicemanbreakinarealwaysbreakingdownadvocate

sth．

提倡某事advocate

doing

sth．

提倡做某事advocate

that

sb．(should)

do

sth．提倡某人应该做某事2．advocate

vt．拥护，支持，提倡

n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师[即学即练]

单句语法填空/一句多译①Many

experts

advocate

_________

(reward)

your

child

for

good

behavior．②为了保护环境，我们提倡回收和再利用纸张和塑料。a．In

order

to

protect

our

environment，we

advocate

_____________________________________．b．In

order

to

protect

our

environment，we

advocate

that

___________________________________________．rewardingrecyclingandreusingpaperandplasticspaperandplastics(should)berecycledandreused

have

belief

in

sth．/sb．

对某事/某人有信心beyond

belief 难以置信in

the

belief

that... 相信……It

is

my

belief

that... 我相信……3．belief

n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心[即学即练]

单句语法填空/完成句子①We

are

a

young

team

but

I

have

great

belief

__

these

players．②His

success

was

______

belief

since

his

competitor

was

so

experienced．③我相信这些历史剧有吸引力，容易理解。________________

the

historical

plays

are

attractive

and

easy

to

understand．inbeyondItismybeliefthatP481．_____________________

用新的且不同的方式2．__________________________________

与18世纪的观念决裂3．________________________

拒绝遵守死板的规则4．______________________________________

强调想象力的重要性innewanddifferentwaysbreakwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturyrefusetofollowrigidrulesputemphasisontheimportanceofimagination5．________________

回到过去6．__________________________________

经历被称为工业化的过程7．______________________________

对正在发生的事情感到高兴8．_________________________

提倡回归自然9．_________

结果10．______________________

成为一个常见的主题areturntothepastundergoaprocesscalledindustrializationbepleasedwithwhatwashappeningadvocategoingbacktonatureasaresultbecomeacommonthemeP491．_____________

关注自然2．________________

获得学位3．_____________

很多想法4．__________________

成为亲密朋友5．___________________

对……有巨大的影响6．__________________

诗集7．____________________

表达他们的感受8．________________________

更喜欢住在乡下focusonnaturereceivehisdegreeplentyofideasbecomeclosefriendshaveahugeimpactonacollectionofpoemsexpresstheirfeelingspreferlivinginthecountry非谓语动词作补语、定语和状语[观察例句]观察例句并指出黑体部分的语法作用1．I

heard

her

sing

an

English

song

just

now． ______2．He

left，leaving

me

to

do

all

the

rest

work． ______3．Have

you

read

the

novel

written

by

Dickens？ ______4．They

went

there

to

visit

their

teacher． ______5．Having

been

told

many

times，he

still

repeated

the

same

mistake．

______作补语作状语作定语作状语作状语[归纳用法]一、非谓语动词作补语1．感官动词see，watch，observe，look

at，notice，hear，listen

to等和使役动词have，let，make后面的宾语补足语有三种动词形式，即动词原形(不带to

的不定式)、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。动词-ing形式表主动或正在进行，动词-ed形式表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成的全过程。如：I

heard

her

singing

a

song

when

I

passed

by

her

room

yesterday．昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱歌。I

have

heard

the

English

song

sung

many

times．我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。2．注意在主动语态中用不带to

的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to。She

was

seen

to

enter

the

manager's

office

ten

minutes

ago．有人看见她十分钟前进入了经理的办公室。[名师点津]

“notice/watch

sb．do

sth．”没有相对应的被动语态。3．不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语只表完成和状态。如：I

looked

down

at

my

neck

and

found

my

necklace

gone．(状态)我低头看我的脖子，发现我的项链不见了。I

was

surprised

to

find

my

hometown

changed

so

much．(完成)我惊讶地发现我的家乡变化很大。4．leave后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，表示“使……处于某种状态”。如：It's

wrong

of

you

to

leave

the

machine

running．你让机器一直开着是不对的。The

guests

left

most

of

the

dishes

untouched，because

they

didn't

taste

delicious．大部分菜客人们都没有动，因为它们尝起来不可口。Leave

the

rice

to

cook

for

20

minutes．把大米煮20分钟。[名师点津]

在以上可以变为被动语态的句子中，当其变为被动语态时原在句子中作宾语补足语的非谓语动词将变为主语补足语。[即时训练1]

单句语法填空①At

the

party，the

pretty

girl

wore

a

very

attractive

skirt

to

make

herself

_______

(notice)．②As

Ginni

Bazlinton

reached

Antarctica，she

found

herself

______

(greet)

by

a

group

of

little

Gentoo

penguins

(企鹅)

longing

to

say

hello．③They

told

me

that

they

had

seen

two

deer

________

(drink)

by

the

riverside．noticedgreeteddrinking二、非谓语动词作定语1．不定式作定语(1)被修饰的名词或代词就是不定式的逻辑主语，在时间上一般表将来动作；通常用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any

等限定的中心词，以及不定代词。如：I

borrowed

some

books

to

read

during

my

holiday．我在假期里借了一些书看。He

is

the

best

man

to

do

the

job．他是最适合做这个工作的人。(2)另外，不定式常用来修饰ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time

等抽象名词。如：Do

you

have

the

ability

to

read

and

write

English?你有读写英语的能力吗？I

have

a

chance

to

go

sightseeing．我有一个去观光的机会。[名师点津]

①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面常需搭配相应的介词。

如：Do

you

have

enough

paper

to

write

on?你有足够多的纸来写字吗？The

Browns

have

a

comfortable

house

to

live

in．布朗一家有个舒适的房子住着。②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词与该不定式是被动关系时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have

you

anything

to

send?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to

send

的动作执行者是“你”)Have

you

anything

to

be

sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to

be

sent

的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语(1)动词-ing形式作定语表示主动的、正在发生的事，动词-ed形式作定语表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如：I

have

never

seen

a

more

moving

movie．我从未看过比这更感人的电影。The

houses

being

built

are

for

the

teachers．正在建造的房子是给老师的。The

broken

glass

is

Tom's．被打碎的玻璃杯是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词：动词-ing形式表示正在进行；动词-ed形式表示已经完成。如：falling

leaves

正在落下的叶子fallen

leaves

落下的叶子boiling

water

正沸腾的水boiled

water

沸腾过的水(白开水)[即时训练2]

单句语法填空①If

you

hand

in

your

homework

late，attach

a

note

__________

(explain)

the

reason

for

the

delay．②The

airport

_____________

(complete)

next

year

will

help

promote

tourism

in

this

area．③A

visually-challenged

man

from

Beijing

recently

hiked

(徒步)

40

days

to

Xi'an，as

a

first

step

_________

(journey)

the

Belt

and

Road

route

(路线)

by

foot．④“...It

can

help

to

build

a

community

with

a

______

(share)

future

for

mankind，”he

said．explainingtobecompletedtojourneyshared三、非谓语动词作状语1．不定式作状语He

sat

down

to

have

a

rest．(表目的)他坐下来休息。He

woke

up

only

to

find

everybody

had

gone．他醒来发现大家都走了。(表结果)[名师点津]

(1)某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语时，其后的不定式作原因状语。如：I

am

very

glad

to

see

you．我非常高兴见到你。(2)在带有enough

或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：He

was

too

excited

not

to

say

a

few

words．他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearing

the

news，they

got

excited．听到这个消息，他们非常兴奋。(时间)Working

hard，you

will

succeed．努力工作，你会成功的。(条件)[即时训练3]

单句语法填空①____________

(strengthen)

the

connection

with

young

people，the

event

included

a

number

of

public

promotional

activities

on

social

media，inviting

twenty-nine

tea

professionals

from

around

the

world

to

have

thirty-six

hours

of

uninterrupted

live

broadcasts．②He

hurried

to

the

train

station

only

_______(find)

the

train

had

left．Tostrengthentofind③__________

(surround)

by

beautiful

green

mountains，this

area

is

a

famous

tourist

attraction．④_____________

(cover)

an

area

about

three

times

the

size

of

Yellowstone

National

Park，the

GPNP

will

be

one

of

the

first

national

parks

in

the

country．SurroundedCovering⑤The

plan

will

extend

protection

to

a

significant

number

of

areas

that

were

previously

unprotected，bringing

many

of

the

existing

protected

areas

for

giant

pandas

under

one

authority

__________

(increase)

effectiveness

and

reduce

inconsistencies

in

management．toincrease短文语法填空On

your

46th

birthday，Mom

gave

me

the

letter

1．_______

(write)

by

you．In

your

letter，you

said

you

were

looking

forward

to

2．______

(see)

me

fighting

for

my

future

bravely

and

doing

well

for

myself

and

others．writtenseeingAfter

3．_______

(read)

this

letter，I

feel

quite

4．_______

(shock)

at

your

expectations

of

me．I

also

feel

ashamed

of

not

5．_____________________________

(perform)

well

to

meet

your

demands

before．I

still

remember

when

I

was

in

primary

school，I

failed

6．___________

(apply)

myself

to

studying．You

didn't

blame

me

at

all．Instead，you

taught

me

that

7．________

(study)

was

the

most

important

object

at

the

moment

and

encouraged

me

8．_____

(try)

hard．Only

when

I

read

your

letter

did

I

realize

that

I

behaved

so

badly

at

that

time

and

you

were

so

sad

9．________(find)

I

didn't

do

well

for

myself．I

can't

help

10．__________

(express)

my

gratitude．readingshockedperforming/havingperformedtoapplystudyingtotrytofindexpressing①reach

out

for伸手去拿②dare

vi．&

vt．敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)③for

fear

of生怕；免得④dweller

n．居民，居住者⑤striking

adj．引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的striking

imagination惊人的想象力课下预习第二篇课文(Extendedreading)⑥characterize

vt．是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画⑦contribute

to有助于；捐献；带来，促成⑧of

different

schools不同学派的⑨Confucianism

n．儒家，儒学，孔子学说⑩Taoism

n．道教，道家⑪legend

n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物⑫familiarize

oneself

with使自己熟悉⑬more

importantly更重要的是⑭in

one's

early

twenties在某人二十出头的时候⑮encounter

vt．偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到

n．相遇，遭遇，冲突encounter

different

customs

and

practices遇见不同的风俗习惯⑯nourish

vt．培养，助长；抚养，滋养⑰numerous

adj．众多的，许多的⑱be

rooted

in根源在于；植根于⑲glorious

adj．荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的⑳boom

n．(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣

vi．迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛economic

boom经济繁荣㉑stability

n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)social

stability社会稳定㉒tolerant

adj．宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的㉓liberty

n．自由㉔unconstrained

adj．不受约束的，自由的㉕in

turn反过来；转而；轮流，依次㉖have

a

huge

impact

on对……有巨大的影响㉗given

his

personal

experiences鉴于他的个人经历㉘the

majority

of……的大多数㉙vitality

n．生命力，活力，热情breathe

vitality

into为……注入活力㉚distinguish

vt．&

vi．成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众distinguish...from区别……，辨别……㉛exaggeration

n．夸张，夸大㉜metaphor

n．暗喻，隐喻㉝representative

adj．典型的，有代表性的

n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表be

representative

of代表㉞frost

n．霜；霜冻，严寒天气㉟cast

vt．投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色

n．全体演员；投，抛㊱owe

vt．欠(情)；欠(债)㊲debt

n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务㊳fascinate

vt．&

vi．深深吸引，迷住㊴entitle

vt．给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格Li

Bai

and

his

romantic

poetryA

hundred

feet

the

temple

towers；I

can

reach

out

for①

the

stars

in

the

sky．But

I

dare②

not

speak

in

a

voice

loud，For

fear

of③

scaring

dwellers④

on

high．(“A

Night

Stay

at

a

Mountain

Temple”)It

is

believed

that

this

poem

was

written

by

Li

Bai

in

his

teenage

years．[1]

With

striking⑤

imagination

in

expressions

like“scaring

dwellers

on

high”，this

early

poem

already

displayed

signs

of

a

romantic

style，which

was

later

to

characterize⑥

Li

Bai's

poetry．[1]本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。Li

Bai's

love

of

reading

and

travelling

from

an

early

age

contributed

to⑦

his

romantic

style．He

started

studying

the

classics

when

he

was

only

five

years

old,

and

was

reading

ancient

philosophers

of

different

schools⑧

at

the

age

of

ten,

including

Confucianism⑨and

Taoism⑩．[2]

By

reading

books

of

all

kinds，from

legends⑪

to

historical

stories，he

familiarized

himself

with⑫

classical

Chinese

culture，and

more

importantly⑬，he

acquired

the

wisdom

of

previous

generations．[2]本句中动词-ing形式短语studying

the

classics

作动词started的宾语，when引导时间状语从句。Driven

by

a

burning

desire

for

adventure

and

travel，Li

Bai

left

home

and

started

to

travel

around

in

his

early

twenties⑭．His

footsteps

covered

almost

the

whole

country．During

his

travels，he

visited

famous

mountains

and

great

rivers，encountering⑮

different

customs

and

practices[3]．These

travelling

experiences

also

nourished⑯

his

love

of

nature

and

inspired

him

to

write

numerous⑰poems

in

the

romantic

style．[3]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。Li

Bai's

romantic

style

was

also

deeply

rooted

in⑱

the

social

and

historical

context

in

which

he

lived．Li

Bai

grew

up

in

the

most

glorious⑲

period

of

the

Tang

Dynasty，a

time

of

economic

boom⑳

and

social

stability㉑．This

open

and

tolerant㉒

atmosphere

allowed

Li

Bai

the

liberty㉓

to

develop

a

free

and

unconstrained㉔

personality，which,

in

turn㉕，had

a

huge

impact

on㉖

his

poetic

production[4]．[4]

which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词personality。Given

his

personal

experiences㉗

and

the

historical

background,

it

is

only

natural

to

see

that

the

majority

of㉘

Li

Bai's

poems

are

characterized

by

the

romantic

style．[5]

Even

the

most

uninformed

reader

would

not

fail

to

be

impressed

by

the

poet's

rich

imagination．The

moonand

stars

in

the

sky，the

natural

landscape

and

the

figures

in

legends

all

become

a

vehicle

for

his

imagination．Equally

impressive

is

Li

Bai's

free

expression

of

strong

feelings,

which

breathes

vitality㉙

into

the

lifeless

objects

he

describes,

and

which

distinguishes㉚

him

from

other

landscape

poets．[6]

These

features

are

inseparable

from

Li

Bai's

wide

use

of

exaggeration㉛，metaphor㉜

and

other

artistic

techniques．The

poem

below，written

in

his

fifties，is

representative㉝

of

his

romantic

style：My

silver

hair

is

three

thousand

feet

long，Because

my

sorrow

is

deep

and

strong．How

can

the

autumn

frost㉞

whiteBe

cast㉟

into

the

mirror

bright?(“Autumn

Frost”)[5]本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to

see...，其中that引导宾语从句。[6]本句中主句为倒装句，正常语序为Li

Bai's

free

expression

of

strong

feelings

is

equally