翻译的技巧增词法与重复法

LessonThreeClearingintheSky

ByJesseStuartAbouttheText

1.Iwipedthestreamsofsweatfrommyfacetokeepthemfromstingingmyeyes.(Para.2)1)Stream:aflowofwater,air,etc.Theword‘stream’canbeusedfigurativelyaswellasliterally.Itmayrefertoacontinuousflowofanything.Astreamofpeoplewascomingoutofthecinema.2)Tosting:tocausetofeelsharppain.Abeestunghimonthearm.2.Hedidn’tcareifitwas100℉intheshadeor20℉belowzero.(Para.3)

Fahrenheit(F):Centigrade(C)=5/9*(F-32)Fahrenheit=C*9/5+32100℉=5/9*(100-32)℃=37.7℃-20℉=?℃3.Suddenlyhestopped,…,andcutawispofalfalfa.(Para.4)Wisp:(formal)asmalltuftorstrandAwispofhairescapedfromherhat.Awispofsmokecurledupfromthechimney.Thewordsstream,creek,brook,andriverarecomparableinthateachdenotesabodyofwaterflowinginawatercourseorchannel.Inpopularusage,brookandstreamareoftenusedinterchangeably.4.“Wherearewegoing?”Iaskedwhenhestartedtowalkalogacrossthecreek.(Para.11)Stream:themostgeneralwordinthisgroup,embracingalltheothertermsinitsmeaning.Acreek:asmallstream.Abrook:usuallyaprimarystreamermergingfromaspring.

Ariver:alargestreamofwaterthatdischargesintoalargerbodyofwatersuchasasea,alake,oranotherstream.1)asif:inthissentence,asifintroducesanadverbialclauseofcomparison.Sincethereisdoubtof“uncertainty”,themodalpastisused.2)Fondle:vt.tohandletenderly;showaffectionbycaressingtofondleababy/adoll/akittenHefondledthedog’sears.Theoldladyfondledhercatasitsatbesideher.4.Thepinesontopofthemountainaboveuslookedasifthefingersoftheirlongboughswerefondlingawhitecloud.(Para.18)Thislandhadneverbeenfarmedbeforeand“new”earthsmellsveryfreshandgood.Soil:1)thetoplayeroftheearththatiscomposedofdisintegratedrockparticles,humus,waterandairAftertheharvest,thefarmerbegantopreparethesoilforseed..5.“fertile”,helaughedashereacheddownandpickedupadoublehandfulofthesoil.“Thisistheland,son!Thisisit.”Thenhesmelledthedirt.(Para.30)2)(liter.)territoryHewasbornonIrishsoil.Dirt:earthorsoil,esp.whenlooseEarth:soilanddirt,asdistinguishedfromrockandsandClean:adj.(here)tobedevoidofweed6.“ThisisthecleanestpatchI’veeverseen,”Iexclaimed.(Para.34)Three-scoreyearsandten:thespanofalife.Inthedaysthatthiswascoinedthatwasconsideredtobeseventyyears.7.Now,I’vereachedtheyearstheGoodBookallowstoaman.Three-scoreyearsandten!(Para.35)Origin:threescoreusedtobeusedforsixty,inthewaythatwestilluseadozenfortwelve,and(occasionally)scorefortwenty.Ithaslongsincediedoutinthatusagebutisstillrememberedinthisphrase.Threescoregoesbacktoatleast1388,asinthisfromJohnWyclif'sBible,Leviticus12,atthatdate:"Threscoorandsixedaies."8.ThatwaswhenIwassixyearsoldandtheybroughtmetothefieldtothin

corn.(Para.39)1)Herethin=thinout:tomakeorbecomelessdenseorcrowed.tothinoutseedlings(=removeafewtoimprovethegrowthoftherest)Imustthinouttheturnips–theyaremuchtooclosetogether.2)Corn(BrEmaize):acerealplantwithtallstalksbearingkernelsonears.Totakelifeeasy:toavoidhardworkorworry;haveaneasytime,liveincomfortSeveralsimilarphrasesarealsoused,e.g.takethingseasy,takeiteasy,etc.ThedoctorsaidthatBobwouldhavetotakethingseasyforawhileafterhehadhistonsilsout.(Hewouldhavetorestandnotworkorplay.)Barbaralikestotakeiteasy.(Shedoesn’tliketowordhardandislazy.)9....thedoctorstoldmetositstillandtotakelifeeasy.(Para.41)1．Theyareleadingahappylife.他们现在过着幸福的生活。Hewasthelatepresident’salteregoandheisacloseandinfluentialfriendofthepresidenttobeinoffice.他过去是已故总统的化身，而现在是即将就职的总统亲密而有影响的朋友。Sincetheindustrialrevolutionbeganthephysicalsciencehasingeneralbeenintheforefrontofthescientificmovement.自从工业革命开始以来，物理学总的说来一直处于科学运动的前列。（时态）．Thenthewholecourseofmylifemighthavebeendifferent.如果真是那样的话，我的生命路程也许是另一番景象。（虚拟语气）Hadweknownitintime,wewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.

要是我们及时知道那件事，事故本来是可以防止的。（虚拟语气）Afterwatchingforyears,hediscoveredimportantphenomena.观察了数年之后他发现了许多重要现象。（数）三、重复译法重复也属于增词。翻译和写作一样。本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。例如：（一）为了明确重复1.Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.让我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。2.Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。3.Hebecameanoilbaron---allbyhimself.他成为一个石油大王，---一个白手起家的石油大王。4.Thishasbeenourposition---butnottheirs.这一直是我们的立场，而不是他们的立场。5．Thedoctorwillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutofseventeenhundredordinarypatients.医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。（二）为了强调重复为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻印象，英译汉时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语时可以保持同样的词的重复。1.Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。2.Gentlemenmanycrypeace,peace---butthereisnopeace.先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。3.Bloodmustatoneforblood.

血债要用血来还。4.Theywouldreadandre-readthesecretnotes.他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。（三）为了生动重复英语原文中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，有时也可以采用各种重复手段。1．运用两个四字词组成或四字对偶词组。汉语中有大量四字词组，这是汉语的一在特点。四字词组比较精炼，念起来顺口，有节奏感，如运用恰当，可使文字生动活泼，增强修辞效果。Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。Ifthiswasatimeoftriumphforthemany,itwasapainfulperiodforthefew.多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。greatcontributions丰功伟绩gratitude感恩戴德ingratitude忘恩负义prosperity繁荣昌盛arrogance骄傲自大careless粗心大意inchaos乌烟瘴气streetgossip街谈巷议rumor流言蜚语2．运用词的重叠词的重叠是汉语中常用的一种手段。英译汉时，可适当采用词的重叠，特别是四字重叠词组，使译文生动活泼，通顺达意。Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，（直言无隐），不藏不掖。Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。Withhistardiness,carelessandappallinggoodtemper,wehadnothingtodowithhim.他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。Step3Exerciseinclass.

PutthefollowingintoChinese,payingspecialattentiontotheamplificationintranslation.1.Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们必须分析问题，解决问题。2.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇之过度则蛮，爱之过度则为宠，俭之过度则为贪。（原文省略了定语和谓语译成汉语时应补上）3.Theletter“I”representsI,“O”owe,and“U”you.字母I代表“我”，O代表“欠”，U代表“你”。（将省略的动词译出来）4.Allbodiesconsistsofmoleculesandtheseofatoms.所有物体都由分了组成，而分子则由原子组成。（原文中第二个of前省略了，并用these代替，汉译时补上了动词，还原了代词。）5.Wehavefulfilledourworkaheadofschedule,sohavethey.

我们提前完成了我们的工作，他们也提前完成了他们的工作。（省略句型中省略的部分汉译时要译出来）6.Hehadmetwithgreatdifficultiesinwritinghistermpaper.他在写学期论文时，遇到了重重困难。（英语中并无重复，但在译成汉语时，合理使用重复这一修辞手段，却能更准确、更生动地表达原意。）7.Rainorshine,I’llgothere.雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。（使译文生动流畅）。8.IfyougotoBeijing,don’tforgettoseemyyoungerbrother.你要是去北京的话，别忘了去看一看我弟弟。9.MayIextendmyheartiestcongratulationstothegreatChinesepeopleanditsCommunistParty,throughyou,fortheglowingsuccessofyourtremendousrevolution,whichisnowinspiringtheworld.让我通过您最忠心地祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。10.