2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit6Earthfirst泛读技能初养成教案外研版必修第二册

PAGE13-Unit6Earthfirst阅读教材P68－69中的材料，选出最佳选项1．Whatisreallygreen?A．Papershoppingbagsarebetterthanplasticones.B．Removethepowerplugsupply，anditstopsusingpower.C．Eatinglocalfoodisgoodfortheenvironment.D．It'sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.2．Whyarepeopleadvisedtotakeareusablebag?A．Becauseplasticbagscauseenvironmentalproblems.B．Becauseplasticbagsaredifficulttoproduce.C．Becausepaperbagsareadangertowildanimals.D．Becausetheprocessofmakingpaperbagsismorecomplicated.3．What'sconnectedwithenergysaving?A．Eatinglocalfood.B．Eatingtransportfood.C．Producingfoodbyourselves.D．Usinglessenergyduringfoodproduction.4．Whichwayofthefollowingissavingenergy?A．Tospend8minutestohaveabath.B．Totakeashowermorethan8minutes.C．Totrytotakeabathinsteadofashower.D．Tokeepyourshowertimeasshortaspossible.[答案]1－4BADDWordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)devotev．致力，献身，倾注(教材P65)Now，sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted/devotingtooceanconservation.现在，她是一名致力于海洋爱护的模特和行为艺术家。[例1]Heisdeterminedtodevotehislifetoscience.他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。[例2]Iwanttobeateacherverymuchanddevotemyselftoteaching.我很想当老师，一生致力于教学工作。[造句]你必需用心于工作。Youmustdevoteyourattentiontoyourwork.[学问拓展](1)devoteone'slife/time/energyto(doing)sth. 把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……devoteoneselfto 致力于；献身于；用心于(2)devotedadj. 挚爱的；忠实的bedevotedto(doing)sth. 献身于；用心致志于(3)devotionn. 奉献；忠诚[即学即练]单句语法填空①Healwaysdevoteshisattentiontohelping(help)thehomelesschildren.②Devoted(devote)tohisresearch，healmostforgoteverythingabouthimself.③Weappreciatedhisdevotion(devote)totheproject.[小片段助记]Theoldscientistisdevotedtostudyingspace，andthespiritofdevotiondeserveslearningfrom.Hesaidhewouldgoondevotinghimselftothesciencefield.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)reserven．(野生生物)爱护区；贮存v．保留；贮存；预订(教材P65)HellofromSanjiangyuanNationalNatureReserve(SNNR)．你好，这里是三江源国家自然爱护区。[例1]Afriendcanbeareserveofhelpintimesoftrouble.挚友可以在困难的时候供应帮助。[例2]Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。[造句]为了爱护野生动物，应当多建立野生动物爱护区。Toprotectwildanimals，morewildlifereservesshouldbesetup.[学问拓展](1)withoutreserve 毫无保留keepsth.inreserve 保存某物以备用(2)reservesth.forsb. 为某人预留某物reservetherighttodosth. 保留做某事的权利[即学即练]单句语法填空①Whentalkingtoafriend，weshouldbefrankwithoutreserve.②Wealwayskeepsomemoneyinreserve，justincase.③Adoubleroomwithabalconyhasbeenreservedforhim.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)damagev．&n．破损，损害，损伤(教材P65)Inrecentyears，wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlandthatweredamagedbyhumanactivity.近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。[例1]Manybuildingsandcarshavebeendamagedintheexplosion.很多大楼和汽车在这次爆炸中受损。[例2]Thestormdidagreatdealofdamagetotheoldhouses.暴风雨给那些旧房屋造成了很大损坏。[造句]吸烟会损害你的健康。Smokingcandamageyourhealth.[学问拓展]sufferdamage 遭遇损坏do/causedamageto 给……造成损坏[即学即练]单句语法填空①Manybuildingsandroadsweredamaged(damage)badlywhentheheavysnowstruckthatcity.②Theearthquakebrokeatmidnight，causinggreatdamagetothecity.[名师点津]damage指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destroy指彻底地“毁坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)(教材P65)We'vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges，whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.我们还看到了由这些变更引起的干旱和洪水，这些变更影响了下游的供水。(1)floodn．洪水，水灾；大量v．沉没；泛滥；(感觉或回忆)涌上心头[例1]Abusinessneedsinsuranceagainstriskssuchasfireandflood.公司须要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。[例2]Thegroundfloorofthehousewasflooded.房子的底层被淹了。[造句]水坝不太坚实，挡不住洪水。Thedamwasnotstrongenoughtoholdbacktheflood.[学问拓展](1)beinflood (河水)上涨，泛滥afloodof 大量的(2)floodedareas 水灾地区floodin/into 大量涌入floodback (感觉或回忆)涌上心头[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thecharityreceivedafloodofthankfultelegramsandletters.②Largequantitiesoffoodareneededintheflooded(flood)areasnow.③Applicationsfloodedinafterweadvertiseditonthenewspaper.④Seeingwhatthehomelesswereexperiencing，memoriesofherchildhoodfloodedback．(2)affectv．影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭[例1]Anunhappyhomeenvironmentcanaffectachild'sbehaviour.不开心的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。[例2]Wewerealldeeplyaffectedbythenewsofherdeath.她去世的消息使我们都深感哀思。[造句]众所周知，吸烟影响我们的健康。Itiswellknownthatsmokingaffectsourhealth.[学问拓展](1)beaffectedby 被……侵袭；被……感动beaffectedwithahighfever 发高烧(2)effectn. 作用；影响；结果ineffect 事实上haveaneffecton 对……有影响[即学即练]单句语法填空①Affected(affect)bytheriseofhouseprices，peopleinbigcitiesliveundergreatpressure.②Hedidn'tattendtheconferencebecausehewasaffectedwithahighfever.③Favorablepoliciesareineffecttoencourageemployees'professionaldevelopment.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)adoptv．实行(某种方法)；收养(教材P65)Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched，aswellasadoptingnew，sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.这包括保持原始环境不被触及，以及接受新的、可持续性的方式喂养农场动物。[例1]Ourschoolhasadoptedanewteachingmethod.我们学校接受了一种新的教学方法。[例2]Theyhadnochildrenoftheirown，sotheyadoptedaneighbor'sgirl.他们自己无儿女，所以收养了一个邻居家的女孩。[造句]三个队接受了不同的方式来解决这个问题。Thethreeteamsadopteddifferentwaystosolvetheproblem.[学问拓展](1)adoptanidea/aplan 接受看法/安排adoptapositiveattitude 实行主动的看法(2)adoptedadj. 领养的adoptionn. 接受；收养[即学即练]单句语法填空①Shetreatedheradopted(adopt)sonasifhewereherownchild.②Ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown，whynotconsideradoption(adopt)?③Paul'smotherhadhimadopted(adopt)becauseshecouldn'tlookafterhim.[名师点津]adapt与adopt词形相近，但adapt意为“适应；改编”。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)reducev．削减，降低(教材P66)Reducewastebychoosingreusableproducts．．．通过选择可重复运用的产品来削减奢侈……[例1]Everyoneshouldtrytoreducetheamountofsaltinourdiet.大家都应当在饮食中削减盐的摄入量。[例2]Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.削减压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。[造句]现在有这台电脑帮忙，我们就能降低生产成本了。Nowwecanreducetheproductioncostswiththehelpofthecomputer.[学问拓展]reduce．．．to．．． 把……削减到……reduce．．．by．．． 把……削减了……bereducedto(doing)sth. 沦落到……地步[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thoughthepriceofthehousehasbeenreducedby10%，wecan'tafforditeither.②Theywerereducedtobegging(beg)fortheirliving.③Toimprovetheairquality，theuseofprivatecarsshouldbereduced(reduce)．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)permissionn．允许，许可(教材P67)Apoliteinterruptionisusuallyframedasarequestforpermissiontointerruptsomeone，oftenstartingwithIf．．．，MayI．．．?礼貌的打断通常被理解为恳求允许打断某人，通常以If．．．，MayI．．．？起先。[例1]Youmustaskforpermissionbeforetakinganyphotosinsidethehall.必需申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。[例2]We'vegotpermissiontogoinsidetheoldbuilding.我们已获准进入那栋老建筑物。[造句]他恳求经理准许他请假一天。Heaskedthemanager'spermissiontotakeadayoff.[学问拓展](1)askforpermission 恳求许可withoutpermission 未经许可(2)permitv. 许可，允许n. 执照；许可证permitdoingsth. 允许做某事permitsb.todosth. 允许某人做某事[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'sillegaltoreadpeople'sprivateletterswithoutpermission.②Wedonotpermitsmoking(smoke)intheoffice.③Passengersarepermittedtocarry(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点8)breakdown分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体、精神等)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；拆除(教材P68)Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown，butmuchlesstimeforpaper.塑料须要几百年才能分解，而纸分解的时间则要短得多。[例1]Youwillbreakdownsoonerorlaterifyougoonworkinglikethat.假如你接着像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。[例2]Talkswithbusinessleadersbrokedownlastnight.昨晚与商业首脑的会谈失败了。[造句]我们的车在去公司的路上坏了。Ourcarbrokedownonthewaytothecompany.[学问拓展]breakup 解散；结束；拆散breakin 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴breakinto 闯入，破门而入breakout 爆发，突然发生breakthrough 突破；克服，战胜[即学即练]单句语法填空①Whenhegothome，hefoundhishousebrokeninto．②Daddywouldoccasionallybreakinwithasuggestion.③Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.[小片段助记]Theircarbrokedownonthewaytothecinema，soaquarrelbrokeoutandatlasttheloversbrokeup.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点9)amountn．数量，数额v．总计；达到(教材P68)However，makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是生产一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生产)塑料袋的三倍。[例1]Anyamount，greatorsmall，willbeappreciated.数量不论多少都将受到欢迎。[例2]Thelossfromthefloodamountstotenmilliondollars.水灾的损失共达1000万美元。[造句]他每天有大量的信件要回复。Hehasalargeamountofmailstoanswereveryday.[学问拓展](1)alarge/smallamountof 大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动 词用单数)large/smallamountsof 大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动 词用复数)(2)amountto 达到；等于；总共；共计[即学即练]单句语法填空①Largeamountsofmoneyarewasted(waste)onuselessthingseveryyear.②Alargeamountofmoneyhasbeenspent(spend)buildingmorekindergartenssofarthisyear.③You'llneveramounttoanythingifyouspendyourtimethatway!eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点10)take．．．intoaccount把……考虑进去(教材P69)Insomecases，localproducemighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthanproducegrownalongwayaway—eventakingintoaccountitstransport.在某些状况下，当地的农产品消耗的能源和产生的温室气体也可能比生长在很远的地方的农产品多——甚至考虑到它的运输。[例1]Whenitcomestodevelopingoureconomy，wemusttakeenvironmentalprotectionintoaccount.当谈到发展我们的经济时，我们必须要考虑环保。[例2]Whenjudginghisperformance，don'ttakehisageintoaccount.评价他的表演时，不要把他的年龄考虑在内。[造句]我诚心希望你能考虑我的建议。Isincerelyhopethatyouwilltakemysuggestionsintoaccount.[学问拓展](1)takeaccountof＝take．．．intoaccount 把……考虑在内giveanaccountof 对……进行描述onaccountof 因为，由于onnoaccount 决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)(2)accountfor 说明，说明；(数量/比例上)占据[即学即练]单句语法填空①Shegaveanexcitingaccountofthefootballmatch.②Wehadtoputoffthesportsmeetonaccountofthebadweather.③Thepoorweathermayhaveaccountedfortheincreaseinthenumberofpeoplewhocoughdayandnight.[小片段助记]Onnoaccountwilltheheadteachertakeaccountofyourexcusebecauseevenyoucan'taccountforyourabsenceclearly.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点11)urgev．竭力主见，剧烈要求，敦促n．冲动；剧烈的愿望(教材P71)Iturgespeopletosavefoodbynotwastinganythingonthediningtable.它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上奢侈任何东西。[例1]Ourteacherurgedustodomoreexerciseafterclass.我们的老师剧烈要求我们课后多熬炼。[例2]Ineverfeltanurgetolearnanysignlanguagebefore.我以前从未感觉到学习手势语的剧烈愿望。[造句]随着高考的接近，我们的老师敦促我们要努力学习。OurteacherurgedustostudyhardwiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear.[学问拓展](1)urgesb.todosth./intodoingsth. 力劝/敦促某人做某事urgethat．．． 剧烈要求；极力主见[从句谓语动词 用(should＋)动词原形]urge(sb.)on 力劝；强调；剧烈要求(2)urgentadj. 紧急的；迫切的inurgentneedof 急需(3)urgentlyadv. 紧急地；迫切地urgencyn. 紧急；紧急状况[即学即练]单句语法填空①Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotake(take)advantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.②Thepeopleintheearthquake­strickenareaareinurgent(urge)needoffood，medicineandshelters.③It'sofgreaturgency(urge)thatweneedtomaketherelevantlawswiththerapidgrowthofonlineshopping.[小片段助记]Theteacherurgedthatthestudents(should)betaughthowtotakeurgentactioninurgency.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点12)concernedadj.着急的，担忧的；关切的；有关的(教材P71)Weareconcernedthat．．．我们担忧……[例1]Ican'thelpbutfeelveryconcerned.我禁不住感到很担忧。[例2]Nowanincreasingnumberofpeopleareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalprotection.现在越来越多的人关注环境爱护。[造句]我很担忧我们可能无法按时完成此事。I'mveryconcernedthatwemaynotfinishthisontime.[学问拓展](1)beconcernedabout/for 关切；挂念beconcernedwith/in 与……有关；参加；牵扯到asfaras．．．beconcerned 就……而言(2)concernn．&v. 关切；担忧show/expressconcernabout/for 对……表示关切/担忧(3)concerningprep. 关于[即学即练]单句语法填空①Everyoneconcerned(concern)intheincidentwasquestionedbythepolice.②However，Ithinkweshouldshowmoreconcernfor/aboutourfriends.③Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationconcerning(concern)theclub.[名师点津]concerned用作形容词时，意为“关切的；担忧的”，作前置定语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作后置定语。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点13)contributev．促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献；投稿(教材P72)Lookatthethreeitemsthatcontributetoacarbonfootprint.看看造成碳踪迹的三个因素。[例1]Eatingtoomuchfatcancontributetoheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.吃太多脂肪会引起心脏病和高血压。[例2]Hecontributedalargesumofmoneytothefloodvictims.他捐出一大笔钱给受水灾的灾民。[造句]老师告知我们熬炼有助于健康。Ourteachertellsusthatexercisecontributestogoodhealth.[学问拓展](1)contributeto 促成；导致contribute．．．to．．． 向……捐献；向……投稿(2)contributionn. 贡献；捐献；稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto 对……做出贡献；向……捐款[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thefamouswriterisoneoftheseveralauthorscontributing(contribute)tothebook.②Yoursuggestionhasgreatlycontributedtotheaccomplishmentofourwork.③Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeagreatcontribution(contribute)toourfamilyandoursociety.[小片段助记]Manypeoplecontributedmoneytothepoorboy，whichcontributedtohisreturningtoschool.Awriterwroteastoryaboutthisandcontributedittoapress.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点14)averageadj.平均(数)的；一般的，一般的n．平均；平均数；平均水平v．平均为，平均达到(教材P72)Theaveragescoreofourgroupis．．．我们组的平均成果是……[例1]TheaveragetimeChinesepeoplespendonlineis17hoursperweek.中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周17个小时。[例2]Totheirjoy，theirson'sschoolworkiswellaboveaverage.使他们兴奋的是，他们儿子的学习成果远远高于平均水平。[造句]这个工厂工人平均每月的工资是多少？What'stheworkers'averageincomeamonthinthisfactory?[学问拓展]anaverageof 平均withthe/anaverageof 平均为on(the/an)average 平均起来；在一般状况下above/below(the)average 高于/低于平均数[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'sasmallshop，withanaverageofabout500customersaweek.②Onaverage，howmuchtimedoyouspendonsportsactivitieseachweek?③Hewasagoodstudentandscoredaboveaverageinmostsubjects.SentencePatterneq\a\vs4\al(重点句式)倍数表达法(教材P68)However，makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生产)塑料袋的三倍。句式分析：fourtimesasmuchenergyas是倍数表达法，其句型为“倍数＋asmuch/many＋n.＋as”。[例1]Ourcompanyhaspublishedtwiceasmanybooksaswedidlastyear.我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。[例2]Peter'sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack's，butitcosttwiceasmuchashis.彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是他上衣的两倍。[造句]他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的三倍。Hehasgotthreetimesasmanybooksashisyoungersister.[学问拓展]常见的倍数句型：(1)．．．倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as．．．(2)．．．倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than．．．(3)．．．倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/wid