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1.Passage7

Changesinresidenceandjobsplaceatremendousamountofstressand

pressureonpeopIe(1)theytrytoadjustthemselvestonewpeopIeand

places.Yettransientrelationshipsarenot(2)onlytopeopIeand

places.ObjectsmoveinandoutofourIivesatanastonishingrate.

America,the"consumersociety",hasalso(3)thename"thethrowaway

society11.EveryyearwethrowawayincredibIequantitiesofbottIes,cans,

paper,andonandon.BuiIdingsaretorn(4)aroundus,andnewones

taketheirplaces;theyarecheapertoreplacethantorepair.Withevery

majorchange,ourpIacesfeellessfamiliar.OurIivesbecomefilledwith

asenseofimpermanenceanduncertainty.

Therateatwhichnewandsometimescontradictoryinformationcomes

atus(5)contributestoourfeeIingsofinstabiIityandtransience.

11'sestimatedthat90percentofalIscientistswhoeverIivedarealive

today.Newscientificdiscoveriesarebeingmadeeverydayoftheweek,

(6)unlikeinotherages,newideasarequicklyappIiedinpractical

ways.The(7)ofnewtechnologyonourIivesisfe11aImostimmediately.

Aswelookbackonhistory,wethinkintermsoflargeperiodsoftime,

fromthetenthousandyearsoftheagriculturalrevolutiontothethree

hundredyearsoftheindustrial(8).TodaytimefeelsIikeit's

accelerating.Wenow(9)tothinkofchangeintermsofcenturies,or

ratherintermsofdecades:the1960s,1970sand1980s.Thedaymaycome

whenwethinkofgreat(10)ofhistoricalchangeintermsofyears,even

months.

A.limited

B.adapted

C.applied

D.referred

2.Passage4

ThereisvirtuallynoIimittohowonecanservecommunityiinterests,

fromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationsto

practicallyfuI11imeworkforasociaIagency.Justasthereare

opportunitiesforvoluntaryservice(1)(VSO)foryoungpeopIebefore

theytakeupfuI11imeemployment,sothereareopportunitiesforoverseas

servicefor(2)techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,

particularlythosewhoretireearly,offertheirtechnicaIandbusiness

skillsincountries(3)thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryorpaidcommunityservicetherearemore

opportunitiesthanthereeverwerewhenonefirstbeganwork.Most

voluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmalIfuI11ime(4),anddependvery

muchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationships

aredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizations,andvaluesmaybe

different.(5)somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficient,

butoneshouldnotjudgethembycommercialcriteria.ThepeopIewhowork

withthemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent(6),both

personalandorganizational.OneshouIdnotjointhem(7)toarmthem

withprofessionalexpertise;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe

cause,notbusinessefficiency.BecausesalariesaresmalIor

non-existent.Manyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpenses.Butmany

retiredpeopIetakepartincommunityservicefor(8),simplybecause

theyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossible(9)retirementwereaIsopossible

duringone'sworkingIifebuttheyaretobeundertakennoIessseriousIy

forthat.RetiredpeopIewhoarejustIookingforsomethingdifferent

orunusualtodoshouIdnotconsider(10)communityservice.

A.oversea

B.oversea

C.overseas

D.overseas

3.Passage5

With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemost

populouscountries.ButsinceChina(1)afamilyplanningprogramin

1971,Indiahasbeenclosingthegap.Indianshavereducedtheirbirth

ratebutnotnearly(2)theChinesehave.Ifcurrentgrowthrates

continue,India'spopuIationwiIIpassChina'saroundtheyear2028

atabout1.7billion.

ShouIdthathappen,itwon'tbethe(3)oftheenIightenedwomenof

Kerala,astateinsouthernIndia.(4)IndiaasawholeaddsaImost20

millionpeopIeayear,Kerala1spopuIationisvirtuallystable.The

reasonisnomystery:nearlytwo-thirdsofKeralawomenpracticebirth

control,comparedwithabout40%intheentirenation.

Thedifference(5)theemphasisputonhealthprograms,including

birthcontrol,bythestateauthorities,(6)in1957becamelndia,s

firsteIectedCommunistgovernment.AndaneducationaItraditionand

matriIineal(母系的)customsinpartsofKeralahelpgirlsandboysget

equallygoodschooling.WhileoneinthreeIndianwomenis(7),90%of

thoseinKeralacanreadandwrite.

HigherIiteracyrates(8)famiIyplanning."Uniikeourparents,we

knowthatwecandomoreforourchiIdrenifwehavefewerofthem,11says

LaiaICherian,33,whoIivesintheviIIageofKudamaIoor.ShehasIimited

herself(9)threechiIdren-onebeIowthenationaI(10)offour.That

kindofrestraintwiIIkeepKeralafromputtingaddedpressureonworld

foodsupplies.

A.discovered

B.circulated

C.launched

D.transmitted

4.

Passage1

Thehorseandcarriageisathingofthepast,butloveandmarriage

arestillwithusandstillcloselyinterrelated.MostAmericanmarriages,

particularlyfirstmarriages(1)youngcoupIes,aretheresu11ofmutuaI

attractionandaffection(2)thanpracticalconsiderations.Inthe

UnitedStates,parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchiIdren.

Teenagersbegin(3)inhighschooIandusuallyfindmatesthroughtheir

ownacademicandsociaIcontacts.ThoughyoungpeopIefeelfreetochoose

theirfriendsfrom(4)groups,mostchooseamateofsimilarbackground.

Thisisdueinparttoparentalguidance.ParentscannotseIectspouses

fortheirchiIdren,buttheycanusually(5)choicesbyvoicing

disapprovalofsomeonetheyconsiderunsuitable.

(6),marriagesbetweenmembersofdifferentgroups(interclass,

interfaith,andinterracialmarriages)areincreasing,probablybecause

ofthegreater(7)oftoday5syouthandthefactthattheyarerestricted

byfewerprejudicesthantheirparents.ManyyoungpeopIeleavetheir

hometownstoattendcolleges,(9)inthearmedforces,orpursuea

careerinthebiggercities.Onceawayfromhomeandfamily,theyare

more(9)todateandmarryoutsidetheirownsociaIgroup.

InmobiIeAmericansociety,interclassmarriagesareneitherrarenor

shocking.Interfaithmarriagesareontheriseparticularlybetween

ProtestantsandCatholics.Ontheotherhand,interracialmarriageis

stillveryuncommon.Itcanbedifficultforinterracialcouplestofind

aplacetoIive,maintainfriendships,and(10)afamily.Marriages

betweenpeopIeofdifferentnationaIorigin(butthesameraceand

reIigion)havebeencommonpIaceheresincecolonialtimes.

A.dating

B.appointment

C.engagement

D.matching

5.Passage2

What'syourearIiestchiIdhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningto

walkOrtaIkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevision

programAdultsseIdom(1)eventsmuchearIierthantheyearorsobefore

enteringschooI,justaschiIdrenyoungerthanthreeorfourrareIyretain

anyspecific,personalexperiences.

AvarietyofexpIanationshavebeen(2)bypsychologistsforthis

"chiIdhoodamnesia"(儿童失忆症).Onearguesthatthehippocampus,the

regionofthebrainwhichisresponsibleforformingmemories,doesnot

mature(3)abouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheorymaintains

that,sineeaduItsdonotthinkIikechiIdren,theycannot(4)chiIdhood

memories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirIifememoriesareIikestories

ornarratives-oneeventfollowsanotherasinanovelorfilm.Butwhen

theysearchthroughtheirmentaI(5)forearlychiIdhoodmemoriesto

addtothisverbalIifestory,theycan5tfindanythatfitsthepattern.

It'sIiketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary.

NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffers

anew(6)forchiIdhoodamnesia.ShearguesthattheresimplyarenJ

tanyearIychiIdhoodmemoriestorecaII.AccordingtoDr.Simms,chiIdren

needtoIearntousesomeoneelse'sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonaI

experiencesinordertoturntheirownshort-term,quickly(7)

impressionsofthemintoIong-termmemories.Inother(8),chiIdrenhave

totalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthem-Mother

talkingabouttheafternoon(9)forseashelIsatthebeachorDadasking

themabouttheirdayatOceanpark.Withoutthisverbalreinforcement,

saysDr.Simms,chiIdrencannotform(10)memoriesoftheirpersonal

experiences.

A.until

B.once

C.after

D.since

6.Passage8

Inthemodernworld,itisimportanttobeweII-informed.Successin

manyfields(1)ongettingtheIatestinformation.Therearemanymeans

ofobtaininginformationwhichenableusto(2)whatisgoingoninthe

worId.AndwearesoaccustomedtoreadingaImosteveryweeknewspaper

reportsaboutnewdiscoveriesbeingmadebymanthatwetendto(3)the

progressandbenefitofscientificresearchforgranted.We(4)that

sciencemustcontinuetoachieveitsmanymiracleswhichbecomemerely

commonpIaceassoonastheyarereplacedbygreaterones.Astronautshave

madejourneysthroughspace,a(5)thatonceuponatimewouldhavebeen

consideredasunbelievable.YettherearefewpeopIetodaywhofeel

anythingbutamiIdinterestinthediscoveriesthatarebeingmadeby

scientists.Industrialistsandengineersarebusytaking(6)ofthe

mineraldepositsavaiIable,regardlessofthefactthatthisruthless

exploitationisharmful.Natureis(7)theirdescendantsaltogetherof

theseresources(8)wesocarelesslysquanderonprovidingourselves

withtheluxuriesandnotmerelythenecessitiesofIife.We(9)to

realizethatweare(10)forthegenerationsafterourselves,andeven

thosewhoareawareofthisrarelytaketheseresponsibiIitiesseriously

enough.

A.putupwith

B.catchupwith

C.takeupwith

D.keepupwith

7.Passage6

IneverycultivatedIanguagetherearetwogreatcIassesofwordswhich,

takentogether,comprisethewholevocabulary.Firstly,therearethose

words(1)whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversation,whichwe

(2),thatistosay,fromthemembersofourownfamiIyandfromour

famiIiarassociates,and(3)weshouldknowanduseevenifwecould

notreadorwrite.TheyconcernthecommonthingsofIife,andarethe

stockintradeofalIwho(4)theIanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled

"popular",sincetheybelongtothepeopIeatlargeandarenotthe

exclusivepossessionofaIimitedclass.

Ontheotherhand,ourIanguage(5)amultitudeofwordswhichare

comparativelyseIdomusedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsare

knowntoeveryeducatedperson,butthereislittle(6)tousethemat

homeorinthemarketplace.Ourfirstacquaintancewiththemcomesnot

fromourmother1s(7)orfromthetalkofourschoolmates,butfrom

booksthatweread,lecturesthatwe(8),orthemoreformal

conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsome

particular(9)instyIeappropriateIyeIevatedabovethehabituaIlevel

ofeverydayIife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned",andthe(10)between

themand"popular11wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstanding

ofIinguisticprocess.

A.imitate

B.simulate

C.study

D.learn

8.Passage9

Anotherculturaldifferencehastodowiththemuchgreateremphasis

thatChinesepeopIehavetraditiona11ypIacedon(1),onform(asdistant

fromcontent),andonbeingpoIite.Americans,incontrast,intheirdaily

interaction,donotoftentalkorthinkabout(2)face,gainingface,

orgivingface.Americansareconcernedaboutreputationsandtheydo

thinkaboutHIookinggood"andmakingothers111ookinggood.11(3),in

dailyinteractiontheytendtofocusmoreonthesubstance(content)of

theinteractionandnotonwhetherornotaparticularactionwiIIresult

insomeonelosingorgainingface.Suchissuesas(4)status,whichare

importantinChinese(5)offace,arelessimportanttoAmericanand

IessIikeIytoentertheirmindswhenthinkingaboutsubstantivematters.

SimilarlyyAmericansarenotsoconcernedaboutform.(6)theirgreat

emphasisondiversity,AmericansexpectthatpeopIewiIIinteractina

great(7)ofways;theywanttobetreatedcourteously,(8)theyhave

neverhadsuchfirmlyacceptedcodesor"rules"forHrightbehavior,11

(orstandardorproperbehavior)ashasbeencustomaryinChina.

AmericansappreciatepeopIewhoare(9),buttheyalsohavedifferent

expectations(10)politenessthanhavebeentypicaIinChina.For

Americans,especiallyinamedicaIoracademicsetting,politenessalone

isnotenough.Evenonafirstmeeting,Americansseeksubstance.

A.pretending

B.losing

C.lasting

D.offering

9.Passage3

MostworthwhiIecareersrequiresomekindofspeciaIizedtraining.

Ideal\yttherefore,thechoiceofan(1)shouldbemadeevenbeforethe

choiceofacurriculuminhighschooI.ActuaIIyfhowever,mostpeopIe

makeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkingIives,(2)becauseof

economicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprovetheirposition.

The"oneperfectjob"doesnotexist.YoungpeopIeshould(3)enterinto

abroadflexibletrainingprogramthatwiIIfitthemforafieldofwork

ratherthanforasingle(4).

Unfortunately,etentvocationaIcounselororpsychologist.Knowing(5)

abouttheoccupationaIworld,orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoose

theirIifeworkonahit-or-missbasis.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others

(6)toworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.

Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforitsrealorimagined

prestige.Toomanyhigh-schoolstudents-ortheirparentsfor

them-choosetheprofessionalfield,(7)boththerelativelysmalI

proportionofworkersintheprofessionsandtheextremelyhigh

educationaIandpersonal(8)Theimaginedorrealprestigeofa

professionora"White-colIar"jobisnogoodreasonforchoosingitas

life'swork.Moreover,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.Since

alargeproportionofjobsareinmechanicaIandmanuaIwork,the(9)

ofyoungpeopIeshouldgiveseriousconsiderationtothesefields.

BeforemakinganoccupationaIchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneral

ideaofwhathewants(10)andhowhardheiswillingtoworktoget

it.SomepeopIedesiresociaIprestige,othersdesireinteIIectuaI

satisfaction.Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotakerisksfor

financiaIgain.EachoccupationaIchoicehasitsdemandsasweIIasits

rewards.

A.since

B.therefore

C.furthermore

D.forever

10.Passage5

With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemost

populouscountries.ButsinceChina(1)afamiIyplanningprogramin

1971,Indiahasbeenclosingthegap.Indianshavereducedtheirbirth

ratebutnotnearly(2)theChinesehave.Ifcurrentgrowthrates

continue,India1spopuIationwiIIpassChina'saroundtheyear2028

atabout1.7billion.

ShouIdthathappen,itwon'tbethe(3)oftheenIightenedwomenof

KeralayastateinsouthernIndia.(4)IndiaasawholeaddsaImost20

millionpeopIeayear,Kerala5spopuIationisvirtuallystable.The

reasonisnomystery:nearlytwo-thirdsofKeralawomenpracticebirth

control,comparedwithabout40%intheentirenation.

Thedifference(5)theemphasisputonhealthprograms,including

birthcontrol,bythestateauthorities,(6)in1957becameIndia,s

firsteIectedCommunistgovernment.AndaneducationaItraditionand

matriIineal(母系的)customsinpartsofKeralahelpgirlsandboysget

equallygoodschooling.WhileoneinthreeIndianwomenis(7),90%of

thoseinKeralacanreadandwrite.

HigherIiteracyrates(8)famiIyplanning."Unlikeourparents,we

knowthatwecandomoreforourchiIdrenifwehavefewerofthem,"says

LaiaICherian,33,whoIivesintheviIIageofKudamaloor.ShehasIimited

herself(9)threechiIdren-onebeIowthenationaI(10)offour.That

kindofrestraintwiIIkeepKeralafromputtingaddedpressureonworId

foodsupplies.

A.asmanyas

B.aswellas

C.assoonas

D.asmuchas

11.Passage7

Changesinresidenceandjobsplaceatremendousamountofstressand

pressureonpeopIe(1)theytrytoadjustthemselvestonewpeopIeand

places.Yettransientrelationshipsarenot(2)onlytopeopIeand

places.ObjectsmoveinandoutofourIivesatanastonishingrate.

America,the"consumersociety",hasalso(3)thename"thethrowaway

society".EveryyearwethrowawayincredibIequantitiesofbottIes,cans,

paper,andonandon.BuiIdingsaretorn(4)aroundus,andnewones

taketheirpIaces;theyarecheapertoreplacethantorepair.Withevery

majorchange,ourplacesfeellessfamiIiar.OurIivesbecomefiIledwith

asenseofimpermanenceanduncertainty.

Therateatwhichnewandsometimescontradictoryinformationcomes

atus(5)contributestoourfeeIingsofinstabiIityandtransience.

11'sestimatedthat90percentofalIscientistswhoeverIivedarealive

today.Newscientificdiscoveriesarebeingmadeeverydayoftheweek,

(6)unlikeinotherages,newideasarequicklyappIiedinpractical

ways.The(7)ofnewtechnologyonourIivesisfeltalmostimmediateIy.

Aswelookbackonhistory,wethinkintermsoflargeperiodsoftime,

fromthetenthousandyearsoftheagriculturalrevolutiontothethree

hundredyearsoftheindustrial(8).TodaytimefeelsIikeit's

accelerating.Wenow(9)tothinkofchangeintermsofcenturies,or

ratherintermsofdecades:the1960s,1970sand1980s.Thedaymaycome

whenwethinkofgreat(10)ofhistoricalchangeintermsofyears,even

months.

A.taken

B.called

C.earned

D.given

12.Passage4

ThereisvirtuallynoIimittohowonecanservecommunityinterests,

fromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationsto

practicallyfuI11imeworkforasociaIagency.Justasthereare

opportunitiesforvoluntaryservice(1)(VSO)foryoungpeopIebefore

theytakeupfu111imeempIoyment,sothereareopportunitiesforoverseas

servicefor(2)techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,

particularlythosewhoretireearly,offertheirtechnicaIandbusiness

skillsincountries(3)thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryorpaidcommunityservicetherearemore

opportunitiesthanthereeverwerewhenonefirstbeganwork.Most

voluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmalIfuI11ime(4),anddependvery

muchonvoIunteersandpart-timers.ThismeansthatworkingreIationships

aredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizations,andvaluesmaybe

different.(5)somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficient,

butoneshouldnotjudgethembycommercialcriteria.ThepeopIewhowork

withthemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent(6),both

personalandorganizational.Oneshouldnotjointhem(7)toarmthem

withprofessionalexpertise;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe

cause,notbusinessefficiency.BecausesalariesaresmalIor

non-existent.Manyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpenses.Butmany

retiredpeopIetakepartincommunityservicefor(8),simplybecause

theyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossible(9)retirementwereaIsopossible

duringone'sworkingIifebuttheyaretobeundertakennoIessseriousIy

forthat.RetiredpeopIewhoarejustIookingforsomethingdifferent

orunusualtodoshouIdnotconsider(10)communityservice.

A.quantity

B.qualifying

C.quality

D.qualified

13.Passage2

What'syourearIiestchiIdhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningto

walkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevision

programAdultsseIdom(1)eventsmuchearIierthantheyearorsobefore

enteringschooI,justaschiIdrenyoungerthanthreeorfourrareIyretain

anyspecific,personalexperiences.

Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen(2)bypsychologistsforthis

"chiIdhoodamnesia"(儿童失忆症).Onearguesthatthehippocampus,the

regionofthebrainwhichisresponsibleforformingmemories,doesnot

mature(3)abouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheorymaintains

that,sineeaduItsdonotthinkIikechiIdren,theycannot(4)chiIdhood

memories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirIifememoriesareIikestories

ornarratives-oneeventfollowsanotherasinanovelorfilm.Butwhen

theysearchthroughtheirmentaI(5)forearlychiIdhoodmemoriesto

addtothisverbaIIifestory,theycan'tfindanythatfitsthepattern.

It'sIiketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary.

NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffers

anew(6)forchiIdhoodamnesia.ShearguesthattheresimplyarenJ

tanyearIychiIdhoodmemoriestorecaII.AccordingtoDr.Simms,chiIdren

needtoIearntousesomeoneeIse'sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonaI

experiencesinordertoturntheirownshort-term,quickly(7)

impressionsofthemintoIong-termmemories.Inother(8),chiIdrenhave

totalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthem-Mother

talkingabouttheafternoon(9)forseashelIsatthebeachorDadasking

themabouttheirdayatOceanpark.Withoutthisverbalreinforcement,

saysDr.Simms,chiIdrencannotform(10)memoriesoftheirpersonal

experiences.

A.reflect

B.attain

C.access

D.refer

14.

Passage1

Thehorseandcarriageisathingofthepast,butloveandmarriage

arestillwithusandstillcloselyinterrelated.MostAmericanmarriages,

particularlyfirstmarriages(1)youngcoupIes,aretheresu11ofmutuaI

attractionandaffection(2)thanpracticalconsiderations.Inthe

UnitedStates,parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchiIdren.

Teenagersbegin(3)inhighschooIandusuallyfindmatesthroughtheir

ownacademicandsociaIcontacts.ThoughyoungpeopIefeelfreetochoose

theirfriendsfrom(4)groups,mostchooseamateofsimilarbackground.

Thisisdueinparttoparentalguidance.ParentscannotseIectspouses

fortheirchiIdren,buttheycanusually(5)choicesbyvoicing

disapprovalofsomeonetheyconsiderunsuitable.

(6),marriagesbetweenmembersofdifferentgroups(interclass,

interfaith,andinterracialmarriages)areincreasing,probablybecause

ofthegreater(7)oftoday'syouthandthefactthattheyarerestricted

byfewerprejudicesthantheirparents.ManyyoungpeopIeleavetheir

hometownstoattendcollegesy(9)inthearmedforces,orpursuea

careerinthebiggercities.Onceawayfromhomeandfamily,theyare

more(9)todateandmarryoutsidetheirownsociaIgroup.

InmobiIeAmericansociety,interclassmarriagesareneitherrarenor

shocking.Interfaithmarriagesareontheriseparticularlybetween

ProtestantsandCatholics.Ontheotherhand,interracialmarriageis

stillveryuncommon.Itcanbedifficultforinterracialcouplestofind

aplacetolive,maintainfriendships,and(10)afamily.Marriages

betweenpeopIeofdifferentnationaIorigin(butthesameraceand

reIigion)havebeencommonpIaceheresincecolonialtimes.

A.similar

B.identical

C.diverse

D.differential

15.Passage8

Inthemodernworld,itisimportanttobeweII-informed.Successin

manyfields(1)ongettingtheIatestinformation.Therearemanymeans

ofobtaininginformationwhichenableusto(2)whatisgoingoninthe

worId.Andwearesoaccustomedtoreadingalmosteveryweeknewspaper

r