2024-2025学年新教材高中英语单元加餐练1UNIT1TEENAGELIFE含解析新人教版必修第一册

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解CharlesDarwinlivedanunusuallyquietlife.In1842,DarwinandhiswifeEmmamovedfromLondontoKentinsouthernEnglandtohaveaslittledisturbance(烦扰)aspossible.Theyalreadyhadtwochildrenthen,andwouldgoontohaveeightmoreinthecountry.Darwin,hadveryregularhabits.Heroseearlyandwentforawalk.Afterbreakfastheworkedinhisstudyuntil9：30am,hismostproductivetimeoftheday,andthenreadhisletterslyingonthesofabeforereturningtowork.Atmiddayhewouldgoforanotherwalkwithhisdog,stoppingathisgreenhousetocheckhisexperiments.Thenhewouldgoforanotherwalkaroundanareaofwoodland.Whilewalkingonhis“thinkingpath”，Darwinwouldconsiderhisunsolvedscientificproblems.Afterlunchhereadthenewspaperandwroteletters.Hisnetworkoffriendsprovidedinformationfromallcornersoftheworld.TheDarwinswerenotverystrictparentsandthechildrenwerealwaysseenrunningwild.Theirfatherworkedpatientlywithabackgroundofhappyshoutsandlittlefootstepswalkingpasthisstudydoor.AfterdinnerDarwinplayedbackgammon(agamefortwopeopletoplay)withhiswife.Heoncewrote,“Nowtheresultwithmywifeinbackgammonstandslikethis:she...haswononly2,490games,whileIhavewon,hurrah(acheerofjoyorvictory),hurrah,2,795games！”Althoughhehadpoorhealth,Darwincontinuedtopublishalotofcreativeworksuntilhisfinalbookin1881.Hediedthefollowingyear,aged73.Ratherthanaquietspaceinthelocalchurchyard,whichhecalled“thesweetestplaceonEarth”，Darwinwasgivenastatefuneral(国葬)inLondon'sWestminsterAbbey.本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了英国闻名科学家达尔文安静的个人生活。1．WhydidtheDarwinsmovetoKent?A．Todomoreexperiments.B．Tocuttheircostofliving.C．Toenjoymorepeacefulness. D．Tobetogetherwiththeirchildren.答案：C解析：推理推断题。由第一段中的movedfromLondontoKentinsouthernEnglandtohaveaslittledisturbance(烦扰)aspossible可知，达尔文夫妇搬家是为了免受外界的打搅，以享受更多的安静。故选C。2．WhatdidDarwindoeveryday?A．Hestudiedintheforest.B．Hestartedtoworkat9：30am.C．Hewrotelettersinthemorning.D．Heexaminedhisexperiments.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。由第三段中的Atmiddayhewouldgoforanotherwalkwithhisdog,stoppingathisgreenhousetocheckhisexperiments可知，达尔文每天会去查看试验的进展状况。故选D。3．WhatdidDarwin'schildrenprobablythinkofhim?A．Strict.B．Kind.C．Cold.D．Brave.答案：B解析：推理推断题。由第五段中的TheDarwinswerenotverystrictparents可推知，在孩子们眼里，父亲达尔文应当很温柔。故选B。4．Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A．Darwin'sscientificachievements.B．Darwin'sunusualstatefuneral.C．Darwin'spersonallife. D．Darwin'slargefamily.答案：C解析：主旨大意题。首段第一句即文章主旨句CharlesDarwinlivedanunusuallyquietlife。本文描写了英国闻名科学家达尔文安静的个人生活。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五Howtoimproveyourperseverance(毅力)Ifyou'refamiliarwiththestoryofthehareandthetortoise,youknowthatthetortoiseprovedthatperseveranceismuchmoreimportantthanspeed.__1__，butfewerpeoplehavethepatienceandperseveranceofthetortoise.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyoutoimproveyourperseverance.●Setgoals(确定目标)andwritethemdown.Ifyoudon'tknowwhatyouwanttoaccomplish(完成),it'shardtopersevereuntilyoudo.__2__，insteadofmakingmanyprojects(项目)thatmayupsetyou.●__3__，andcrosseachstepoffthelistasyoucompleteit.IfyouwanttomastertheabilitytocookGermandishes,you'llneedtoreadcookbooks,studytherecipes(食谱),buyingredients(食料)andpracticemakingthedishes.Writedownallthesestepsandremoveeachstepasyougo.●Makealistoftherewards(回报)relatedtoanyprojecttoencourageyourselftopersevere.Whenyouwanttolose40pounds,itmayseemlikeadifficultgoal.__4__.Youcanloweryourbloodsugarorfitintoyourfavoritepairofjeans.Keepthoserewardsinmindtoencourageyourselftosticktoyourdietandexerciseprogram.●Imagineyoursuccess.Taketimeeachdaytositback,relaxandpicturethelifeyou'llleadonceyou'vereachedyourgoal.__5__.Readthemoverseveraltimesadaytoencourageyourselftokeepgoing.A．Likethehare,manypeoplestartoffstrongB．AndyoushouldfocusoneverystepcarefullyC．Youcan'tloseweightonlybygoingonadietD．MakealistofthestepsneededtoreachyourgoalE．ButtherearebigrewardsfordoingsoF．ChooseoneortwogoalsthataremostimportanttoyouandworktowardthoseG．Oryoucanwriteoutaparagraphortwoabouthowreachingyourgoalwillchangeyourlife本文是一篇说明文。文章从龟兔赛跑谈到坚持的重要性。给出如何提高毅力的方法。1．A解析：依据下文“butfewerpeoplehavethepatienceandperseveranceofthetortoise”，可知许多人像兔子一样动身的时候都很强，故选A。2．F解析：依据上句“Ifyoudon'tknowwhatyouwanttoaccomplish,it'shardtopersevereuntilyoudo”，可知要选择一两个对你来说重要的目标，故选F。3．D解析：依据本段中的“crosseachstepoffthelistasyoucompleteit”，可知本处应为“列出你要达到目标的步骤”。故选D。4．E解析：依据下句“Youcanloweryourbloodsugarorfitintoyourfavoritepairofjeans”，可知“这么做有很大的回报”符合语境。故选E。5．G解析：依据下句“Readthemoverseveraltimesadaytoencourageyourselftokeepgoing”，可知“或者你可以写下一两段关于达到目标会怎么变更你的生活”符合语境。故选G。Ⅲ.完形填空Reggiecouldn'thearathing.Hewasa__1__boy,buthehadbeenborndeaf.Hewaswell­knowntoeveryoneintown,andtheywereall__2__him.Unfortunately,though,he__3__seemedtoendupbeingtreateddifferentlyfromeveryoneelse.Childrenworriedtheywould__4__him,andthatmaybebecausehewouldn'theartheballbeinghitinhis__5__.Adultsactedlikehewasunableto__6__them,asthoughhewassomekindofbaby.HisfriendMichaeldidn'tlikethis.Hedecidedthatthingshadtobe__7__.Michael'sfatherwasthetown'smayor(镇长),andMichael__8__toconvincehimthatthisyear,inhonorofReggie,theyshouldofferonedayofthe__9__todeafpeople.Duringthatwholedayeveryonewouldhavetowearearplugs(耳塞)．Peoplelikedthe__10__.ThedaybecameknownasTheDayofSilence,andwhenitarrived,everyonestuckplugsintheir__11__，inaspiritofgreatfun.Thatmorningwasfilledwith__12__andlaughter.But,asthehourspassed,peoplebecamemoreandmoreawareofhow__13__lifewaswhentheycouldn'thearanything.OnthatdaynobodywasthinkingofReggieasjusta__14__person.Thismeanthecouldbe__15__justlikeanyotherboy,andpeoplesawawholenewsideof__16__.Notonlythat,butReggiehadabrightandsharpmind.Onthatday,usinghisusual__17__，Reggiewastheonewhocouldcommunicatebestwitheveryone.Thismeantthatpeoplepaidmoreattentiontowhathewassaying,andtheywere__18__byhisintelligenceandhisabilitytofindsolutionstoalmostanyproblem.They__19__thathehadalwaysbeenlikethat,andthatinnormallifeallReggieneededwasalittlemoretimethanothersto__20__.Thatwastheonlydifference.这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了人们为了帮助一个失聪的小男孩而设立了一个特别节日的故事。1．A.healthy B．poorC．normal D．brave答案：C解析：考查形容词辨析。A.healthy健康的；B.poor贫困的；C.normal正常的；D.brave英勇的。句意：他是一个正常的男孩，但是他天生就失聪。这里表示雷吉在其他方面与其他孩子一样正常，只不过天生就失聪。故C选项切题。2．A.closeto B．fondofC．strictwith D．thankfulfor答案：B解析：考查形容词短语辨析。A.closeto接近；B.fondof喜爱；C.strictwith对……严格；D.thankfulfor感谢。句意：城里的人都知道他，他们都很喜爱他。由下文“人们同意为雷吉设立一个节日”可知人们都喜爱雷吉。所以befondof“喜爱”符合句意。故B选项切题。3．A.seldom B．neverC．sometimes D．always答案：D解析：考查副词辨析。A.seldom很少；B.never决不；C.sometimes有时；D.always始终。句意：然而，不幸的是，他总是被别人区分对待。由上文可知雷吉耳朵听不见，故此处指的是人们总是有区分地对待他。所以always符合句意。故D选项切题。4．A.hurt B．cheatC．punish D．shock答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.hurt损害；B.cheat欺瞒；C.punish惩处；D.shock使震惊。句意：孩子们担忧他们会损害到他，或许是因为他听不到朝他击来的球的声音。故A选项切题。5．A.home B．directionC．classroom D．car答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。A.home家；B.direction方向；C.classroom教室；D.car汽车。句意：孩子们担忧他们会损害到他，或许是因为他听不到朝他击来的球的声音。inone'sdirection朝向某人，符合句意。故B选项切题。6．A.understand B．encourageC．protect D．support答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.understand明白；B.encourage激励；C.protect爱护；D.support支持。句意：大人们觉得雷吉不能明白他们的意思，似乎他是某种婴儿。因为雷吉听不见，所以大人们觉得与他沟通不是很顺畅，导致大人们觉得雷吉不能明白他们的意思。故A选项切题。7．A.worked B．changedC．acted D．prepared答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。A.worked工作；B.changed变更；C.acted行动；D.prepared打算。句意：他确定必需变更这种状况。由前文可知人们总是区分地对待雷吉，所以迈克尔确定变更这种对雷吉不利的状况。故B选项切题。8．A.managed B．preparedC．helped D．learned答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.managed管理；B.prepared打算；C.helped帮助；D.learned学习。句意：迈克尔的父亲是该镇的镇长，迈克尔设法劝服他，今年应当为雷吉设立一天作为节日。此处指的是迈克尔设法劝服了他的父亲。managetodosth.“设法做成某事”符合句意。故A选项切题。9．A.journey B．termC．week D．festival答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.journey旅程；B.term学期；C.week周；D.festival节日。句意：迈克尔的父亲是该镇的镇长，迈克尔设法劝服他，今年应当为雷吉设立一天作为节日。把这天设立为节日是希望人们能够仔细对待这一天，并提示人们更好地了解失聪的人。故D选项切题。10．A.excuse B．courseC．idea D．game答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.excuse借口；B.course课程；C.idea办法；D.game嬉戏。句意：人们赞同这个想法。由上文可知，镇长确定为雷吉设立一天作为节日。所以人们赞同这个想法。故C选项切题。11．A.clothes B．handsC．rooms D．ears答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.clothes衣服；B.hands手；C.rooms房间；D.ears耳朵。句意：这一天被称为“缄默日”，当它到来时，每个人都带着极大的乐趣把耳塞塞进耳朵里。由上文中的“Duringthatwholedayeveryonewouldhavetowearearplugs(耳塞).”可知，此处指的是在耳朵里面塞上耳塞。故D选项切题。12．A.victories B．mealsC．jokes D．lessons答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.victories成功；B.meals饭菜；C.jokes笑话；D.lessons课。句意：那天早晨充溢了玩笑和笑声。由下文“laughter”可知那天早晨充溢了玩笑和笑声。故C选项切题。13．A.difficult B．dangerousC．short D．useless答案：A解析：考查形容词辨析。A.difficult困难的；B.dangerous危急的；C.short短的；D.useless无用的。句意：但是，随着时间的消逝，人们越来越意识到当他们什么也听不见的时候生活是多么的艰难。由下文“whentheycouldn'thearanything”可知，他们什么也听不见。所以他们感觉到生活很困难。故A选项切题。14．A.stupid B．deafC．rude D．negative答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。A.stupid愚蠢的；B.deaf聋的；C.rude粗鲁的；D.negative消极的。句意：那天，没有人认为雷吉是一个失聪的人。由上文描述可知雷吉是个听不见的人。故B选项切题。15．A.treated B．taughtC．comforted D．fed答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.treated对待；B.taught教；Cforted劝慰；D.fed喂养。句意：这意味着他可以像其他男孩一样被对待，人们看到了他全新的一面。故A选项切题。16．A.themselves B．himC．itself D．them答案：B解析：考查代词辨析。A.themselves他们自己；B.him他；C.itself它自己；D.them他们。句意：这意味着他可以像其他男孩一样被对待，人们看到了他全新的一面。这里指雷吉全新的一面，所以介词of后接him。故B选项切题。17．A.words B．telephonesC．tools D．gestures答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.words单词；B.telephones电话；C.tools工具；D.gestures手势。句意：那天，雷吉用他惯用的手势，是与大家沟通的最好的人。依据常识可知，听不到的人通常用手势来表达自己的想法。故D选项切题。18．A.frightened B．embarrassedC．surprised D．amused答案：C解析：考查形容词辨析。A.frightened胆怯 的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.surprised惊异的；D.amused开心的。句意：这意味着人们更加关注他所说的话，他们对他的才智和他找到几乎能解决任何问题的方案的实力感到惊异。由前文可知，人们总是区分对待雷吉，孩子们怕伤到他，大人们觉得他不明白大人的意思，但是在“缄默日”这天，人们对他的才智和他找到几乎能解决任何问题的方案的实力感到惊异。故C选项切题。19．A.proved B．reportedC．remembered D．realized答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。A.proved证明；B.reported报告；C.remembered记得；D.realized意识到。句意：他们意识到他始终就是那样。他们意识到雷吉在日常生活中只是比别人多须要一点时间来沟通。由前文可知，人们总是区分地对待雷吉，孩子们怕伤到他，大人们觉得他不明白大人的意思，但是在“缄默日”这天，人们对他的才智和他找到几乎能解决任何问题的方案的实力感到惊异。所以人们起先意识到雷吉在日常生活中只是比别人多须要一点时间来沟通。所以realize符合句意。故D选项切题。20．A.watch B．eatC．communicate D．walk答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。A.watch看；B.eat吃；Cmunicate沟通；D.walk走。句意：他们意识到他始终就是那样。他们意识到雷吉在日常生活中只是比别人多须要一点时间来沟通。人们以前区分对待雷吉的缘由在于与他的沟通很少，但是现在他们意识到雷吉在日常生活中只是比别人多须要一点时间来沟通。故C选项切题。Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。FormanyyearstheschoolsysteminFinlandhasbeenverysuccessful.InthePISAsurvey,whichcomparesreading,mathandscienceknowledgeof15­year­oldsaroundtheworld,FinlandisnotonlythetopEuropeancountrybutalsocompeteswithAsiangiantslikeShanghai,SingaporeandSouthKorea.Butwhatmakestheeducationalsysteminthissmallcountrysodifferentfromothersinthewesterncountries?Untilthe1960s,mostFinland'smoststudentsleftschoolaftersixyears.Inthemiddleofthe1960s,theFinnishgovernmentsawtheneedtochangeandmodernizetheireducationsystemiftheywanttobeinternationallycompetitive.Lawmakersmadeasimpledecision:abasicschoolforallthe7to16­year­olds.Compulsory(义务的)educationbeginsat7.Thegovernmentmakesitpossibleforallchildrentoattendpreschoolaswell.MostofFinland'sschoolsgettheirmoneyfromthegovernment.Thepeoplewhoareinchargeoftheeducationsystem,fromteacherstoofficialsaretrainedteachers,notpoliticianslikeinothercountries.Teachersworkwiththeirpupilsinschoolasmuchaspossible.Whenteachersarenotwiththepupils,theyspendalotoftimeinschoolsworkingonthecurriculum(课程)an