海南省2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷（学业水平诊断一）【含答案解析】

绝密★启用前海南省2024—2025学年高二年级学业水平诊断(一)英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhydoesLindarefusetogototheconcert?A.Shedoesn’tlikeit.B.Shewillwriteabookreport.C.Shehasn’tfinishedherhomework.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Classmates.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisfull.B.Shewantsmorecake.C.Shewilllearncookingfromtheman.4.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Expressherthanks.B.Givesomeadvice.C.Invitethemantodinner.5.Howwillthewomanprobablygototheairport?A.Bybus.B.Bytrain.C.Bytaxi.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesFrankusuallydoathome?A.Hedoesthewashing.B.Hecleansthehouse.C.Hepreparesthefood.7.WhatdoesFrankthinkKarenshoulddo?A.Relaxmore.B.Studyharder.C.Dosomehousework.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Afive-starhotel.B.Ashortholiday.C.Abustrip.9.Wherecanthemanbuyglassesforhiscousin?A.Inagiftshop.B.Atafactory.C.Fromtheguide.10.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A129pounds.B.240pounds.C.258pounds.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheinterview?A.Satisfied.B.Disappointed.C.Worried.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Expressthanks.B.Makeanapology.C.Taketheofferimmediately.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Givethewomanahand.B.Writeathank-younote.C.Prepareforanotherinterview.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.HostingaTVprogram.B.Givingabiologylesson.C.Holdingaclubmeeting.15.Whendoesthemanusuallygointothefield?A.Ataround4a.m.B.Ataround5a.m.C.Ataround8a.m.16.WhatisunforgettableforthemanintheOkavangoDelta?A.Observingalion.B/Followingatiger.C.Filmingabird.17.Whydidthemotherelephantattackthecar?A.Shewasscaredbyitsnoise.B.Shetriedtoprotectherbaby.C.Shelostherpatience.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Wheredoesthestoryinthemovietakeplace?A.Inamoderncity.B.Inabeautifulvillage.C.Inaseasidetown.19.WhatdoesLukalikedoing?A.Listeningtoothers’stories.B.Takingadventuresoutdoors.C.Spendingtimewithhisfriends.20.Whyisthefriendshipthreatened?A.Lukakeepsaterriblesecretfromhisfriend.B.Luka’sfamilyhastomovetoanothertown.C.Luka’snewfriendisactuallyaseacreature.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACommunityCelebrationsJohnBiggersVideoImageAsthe100thbirthdayofthelateJohnBiggersapproachesin2024,theMFAHcelebrateshisachievements.Thesevideospresentaconversationwithartistsheinspired,andalookatthewallpaintinghewasrequestedtopaintdescribinglongshoremen(码头工人)ofHouston.IToo,WeTwo!Virtualexperiences—dance,music,spoken-wordperformances,interviews,andmore—payrespecttotheAfricanAmericanartistswhoseworksareonviewintheMuseum’sNancyandRichKinderBuilding.Thetitle“IToo,WeTwo!”suggeststheteamspiritbetweentheEnsembleTheatreandtheMFAHandalsoreferences(参考)theEnsembleTheatre’svirtualproductionI,Too,AmAmerica.Quilts:AMosaicofArtandCommunityMeettheJubileeQuiltCircle,createdinthe1990stoprotectthetraditionofAfricanAmericanquilting(缝被子)whileencouragingpersonalgrowthopportunitiesandexperiencesinHouston.Inthistwo-partvideoseries,learnaboutthecentralcommunityspirithiddenintheartofquilt-makingfromJubileemembers.MyJourneywithFlamencoSeethevariousstylesofflamenco,aformofSpanishsonganddancebasedonthemusictraditionsofsouthernSpainfromthe9thto14thcenturies.ThesevideosfeatureAnaMariaBarceloandthefoundersofHoustonflamencoperformancecompanySoleroFlamenco:JeremiasGarcíaandIrmaLaPaloma.TheexhibitionGloryofSpain:TreasuresfromtheHispanicSocietyMuseum&Libraryprovidestheinspiration.1.WhatcanyoudoinJohnBiggersVideoImage?A.Enjoyapainting.B.Takepartinabirthdaycelebration.C.Communicatewithinspiringartists.D.Admireworksfocusingonthestrugglesoflongshoremen.2.WhatdoIToo,WeTwo!andMyJourneywithFlamencohaveincommon?A.Theystressteamworkintheirvideos. B.Theydisplaylifestylesofdifferentpeoples.C.Theyhavesomethingtodowithmusic. D.TheyareinmemoryofAfricanAmericanartists.3.WhichcelebrationshowsthetraditionalskillsofAfricanAmericans?A.JohnBiggersVideoImage. B.IToo,WeTwo!C.MyJourneywithFlamenco. D.Quills:AMosaicofArtandCommunity.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个与艺术和社区相关的庆祝活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据JohnBiggersVideoImage部分的“Thesevideospresentaconversationwithartistsheinspired,andalookatthewallpaintinghewasrequestedtopaintdescribinglongshoremen(码头工人)ofHouston.(这些视频展示了他与受其启发的艺术家们的对话，以及他受邀绘制的描绘休斯顿码头工人的壁画。)”可知，可以欣赏壁画。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据IToo,WeTwo!部分的“Virtualexperiences—dance,music,spoken-wordperformances,interviews,andmore—payrespecttotheAfricanAmericanartistswhoseworksareonviewintheMuseum’sNancyandRichKinderBuilding.(虚拟体验——舞蹈、音乐、朗诵表演、访谈等——向在博物馆NancyandRichKinderBuilding展出的非裔美国艺术家致敬。)”和MyJourneywithFlamenco部分的“Seethevariousstylesofflamenco,aformofSpanishsonganddancebasedonthemusictraditionsofsouthernSpainfromthe9thto14thcenturies.(欣赏各种弗拉门戈风格，这是一种基于9世纪至14世纪西班牙南部音乐传统的西班牙歌舞形式。)”可知，两个活动都涉及到了音乐元素。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Quilts:AMosaicofArtandCommunity部分的“MeettheJubileeQuiltCircle,createdinthe1990stoprotectthetraditionofAfricanAmericanquilting(缝被子)whileencouragingpersonalgrowthopportunitiesandexperiencesinHouston.(MeettheJubileeQuiltCircle这个组织成立于20世纪90年代，旨在保护非裔美国人的缝被子传统，同时在休斯顿鼓励个人成长的机会和经历。)”可知，Quills:AMosaicofArtandCommunity这个组织的目的是保护非裔美国人的传统技能——缝被子。故选D。BIn2009,theeconomicdownturnshitmyfamilyandmytownofHamiltonprettyhard.IsetupMissouriStarQuiltCompanyasawayofearningmoneyformyretirementwhiledoingsomethingIloved.Butlikealmosteverysmallbusinessatthetime,MissouriStarwasn’tattractingmuchattention.Tohelpgetthewordout,mysonsuggestedwefilmsometutorials(教程)andpostthemtoYouTube.“I’veneverthoughtofitthatwaybefore.That’sinteresting!”Ianswered.“Butwhatonearthisatutorial?Tellmemoreaboutit.”Backthen,IhadnevervisitedYouTube,butIdecidedtogiveitatry.Isetupmysewingmachine(缝纫机)inacomeroftheshopandmysonbegantoshootourfirstvideoonahandheldcamera.Wedidn’tevenlakethetroubletoclosetheshopdoorbecausetherewerefewcustomers.Thosefirstvideosdidn’talwayslooknice,butIthinkpeopleadmiredmeforthefactthatIwasmakingahobbythatsometimesfeltfrighteningtolearnmoreapproachable.Weekbyweek,westartedseeingourviewsandfollowernumbersgoup.Wefirstgot1,000followers,andthen10,000.Andwhileouronlinefollowingwasgrowing,westartedgettingsomenewvisitorsinreallife,too.Thecustomerspickedup!Andtheywerecomingfromeverywhere.By2012,wehadover250,000followersandoursalesgrewquickly.Wedecidedtoplayapartinimprovingourcommunity.Onebyone,weopened12quiltingshopsandpartneredwithtalentedchefs,cooksandbakersinourcommunitytohelpthemopentheirownbusiness.Inthesmalltownwithapopulationof1,800,MissouriStarQuiltCompanynowemploysover400people.NowweareregularlyreceivinglargegroupsofvisitorstoMissouriStarQuiltCompanyshops.Greatasthosenumbersare,thethingthatmakesmehappiestiswhatIdidinthatveryfirstvideo:teachingsomeonehowtoquilt.I’msohappyYouTubehasgivenmetheopportunitytosharemypassionwithothers.It’smeanttheworldtomysmallbusiness,tomycommunityandtome.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMissouriStarQuiltCompanywhenitwasfirstfounded?A.Itimmediatelybecameahit.B.Ittookupalltheauthor’ssparetime.C.Itfailedtomeettheauthor’sexpectations.D.Itsufferedstrongcompetitionfromothersimilarcompanies.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherson’ssuggestion?A.Worried. B.Proud. C.Doubtful. D.Curious.6.WhatinfluencehasMissouriStarQuiltCompanyhadonthetown?A.Ithasattractedmanyforeignvisitorstothetown.B.Ithasmadethegovernmentsupportthetowneconomically.C.Ithashelpedthetown’spopulationincreasesignificantly.D.Ithasbroughtbenefitsforthetowninmorethanoneway.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshareapersonalstory. B.Tointroduceasuccessfulcompany.C.Todisplaythepowerofsocialmedia. D.Toshowthepopularityofasmalltown.【答案】4.C5.D6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在经济衰退期间为了退休后的生计而创立了MissouriStarQuiltCompany，并通过YouTube教程分享自己的爱好，最终使公司获得成功并带动了整个小镇的发展的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Butlikealmosteverysmallbusinessatthetime,MissouriStarwasn’tattractingmuchattention.(但是，就像当时几乎所有的小企业一样，MissouriStar并没有引起太多的关注。)”可知，MissouriStarQuiltCompany在刚成立时并没有吸引太多的关注，未能满足作者的期望。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段““I’veneverthoughtofitthatwaybefore.That’sinteresting!”Ianswered.“Butwhatonearthisatutorial?Tellmemoreaboutit.”(“我以前从未这样想过。这很有趣！”我回答道。“但到底什么是教程？告诉我更多关于它的信息。”)”可知，作者对儿子的建议表示出了好奇，想了解更多关于教程的信息。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Onebyone,weopened12quiltingshopsandpartneredwithtalentedchefs,cooksandbakersinourcommunitytohelpthemopentheirownbusiness.Inthesmalltownwithapopulationof1,800,MissouriStarQuiltCompanynowemploysover400people.(我们一个接一个地开了12家缝纫店，并与我们社区里有才华的厨师、厨师和面包师合作，帮助他们开设自己的企业。在这个只有1800人口的小镇上，MissouriStarQuiltCompany现在雇佣了400多人。)”可知，MissouriStarQuiltCompany不仅为小镇带来了经济上的发展（雇佣了400多人），还通过与其他企业合作促进了小镇的多元化发展。因此，该公司以多种方式给小镇带来了好处。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“NowweareregularlyreceivinglargegroupsofvisitorstoMissouriStarQuiltCompanyshops.Greatasthosenumbersare,thethingthatmakesmehappiestiswhatIdidinthatveryfirstvideo:teachingsomeonehowtoquilt.I’msohappyYouTubehasgivenmetheopportunitytosharemypassionwithothers.(现在我们经常接待大量到MissouriStarQuiltCompany商店的游客。尽管这些数字很可观，但最让我高兴的是我在第一个视频中所做的事情：教别人如何缝制被子。我很高兴YouTube给了我与他人分享我的热情的机会。)”可知，作者通过这篇文章分享了自己的故事，包括如何创立公司、如何在YouTube上分享教程以及公司如何取得成功等。由此可知，作者的目的是分享一个个人故事。故选A。CAsurveyof787membersoftheSocietyofAuthors(SoA)hasfoundthatathirdoftranslatorsandaquarterofillustratorshavelostworktogenerative(生成式)artificialintelligence(AI)systems.TranslatorsarealsomorelikelytouseAItosupporttheirwork,with37%ofthosewhoweresurveyedsayingtheyhavedoneso,followedby25%ofnon-fictionwriters.ThesurveyexplorestheexperiencesofthoseincreativecareerswithAIsystems,andtheirviewsandconcernsaboutthefutureimpactoncreativecareers.Thesurvey’sparticipantsincludewritersoffictionandnon-fiction,playwritersandpoetsaswellasjournalists,illustratorsandtranslators.OnlyoneintenillustratorsreporthavingmadeuseofAIsystemsintheirwork,comparedtoafifthoffictionwritersandaquarterofnon-fictionwriters.Meanwhile,around3in10illustratorsandwriterssaythattheyhaveusedgenerativeAItocomeupwithideas.ThesurveyalsostressesthelevelofconcernaboutthefutureimpactofAIoncreativework,withalmosttwo-thirdsoffictionwritersandoverhalfofnon-fictionwriterssayingthattheybelievegenerativeAIwillimpacttheirfutureincomeinabadway.Thisconcernisevenmoreprevalentamongtranslatorsandillustrators,withalmostthree-quartersfrombothgroupsworriedabouttheirfutureincomebecauseofAI.TheparticipantsallthinkitnecessarytomakelawsongenerativeAIwhenitcomestocopyrightholders’beingaskedforpermission,creditedandcompensated(补偿).Commentingonthefindings,theSoAhassaidthatthereis“animmediateneed”forlawsintermsofgenerativeAIsystems.“NooneexpectsgenerativeAIlobeun-invented,andweallknowitspotentialtobeaconvenientandusefultool,”saidNicolaSolomon,chairmanoftheCreators’RightsAllianceandheSoAchiefexecutive.“Butitisnottoolatetoensurethatitisdevelopedaswellasusedinaproperway,andgenerativeAImustremainatooltosupportandenhancehuman-madecreativeworks,notacheapreplacementofthem.”8.WhousesAIleastintheirworkaccordingtothesurvey?A.Translators. B.Illustrators. C.Fictionwriters. D.Non-fictionwriters.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prevalent”inparagraph4mean?A.Common. B.Unacceptable. C.Reasonable. D.Unnecessary.10.Whatisthesurveyparticipants’generalagreement?A.GettingpaidbyAIdevelopers. B.ManagingthedevelopmentofAI.C.StoppingdevelopinggenerativeAI. D.CollectingcommentsongenerativeAI.11.WhatdoesNicolaSolomonsayaboutgenerativeAI?A.It’sstilltooearlytorealizeitspotential. B.Itshouldbelimitedloprofessionaluse.C.Itshouldbedevelopedandusedwisely. D.Itwillbeapowerfultoolforcreativeworks.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英国作家协会（SoA）对成员进行的一项调查，探讨了生成式人工智能（AI）系统对创意职业的影响，包括翻译家、插画家、小说作者和非小说作者等职业群体对AI的使用情况、担忧以及对AI未来发展的看法。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TranslatorsarealsomorelikelytouseAItosupporttheirwork,with37%ofthosewhoweresurveyedsayingtheyhavedoneso…(翻译家也更倾向于使用AI来辅助他们的工作，在被调查者中，有37%的人表示他们已经这样做了……)”和第三段“OnlyoneintenillustratorsreporthavingmadeuseofAIsystemsintheirwork,comparedtoafifthoffictionwritersandaquarterofnon-fictionwriters.(只有十分之一的插画家报告说他们在工作中使用了AI系统，相比之下，有五分之一的小说作者和四分之一的非小说作者使用了AI。)”可知，插画家在工作中使用AI的比例最低，只有十分之一。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“ThesurveyalsostressesthelevelofconcernaboutthefutureimpactofAIoncreativework,withalmosttwo-thirdsoffictionwritersandoverhalfofnon-fictionwriterssayingthattheybelievegenerativeAIwillimpacttheirfutureincomeinabadway.(调查还强调了人们对未来AI对创意工作影响担忧程度，其中近三分之二的小说作者和超过一半的非小说作者表示，他们认为生成式AI将对他们的未来收入产生不利影响。)”和下文“withalmostthree-quartersfrombothgroupsworriedabouttheirfutureincomebecauseofAI.(这两个群体中有近四分之三的人担心AI会影响他们的未来收入。)”可知，这种担忧在翻译家和插画家中更为普遍，由此可知，“prevalent”指的是“普遍的、常见的”。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“TheparticipantsallthinkitnecessarytomakelawsongenerativeAIwhenitcomestocopyrightholders’beingaskedforpermission,creditedandcompensated.(参与者都认为，在版权所有者被要求授权、获得认可和补偿方面，有必要对生成式AI制定法律。)”可知，参与者普遍认为有必要对生成式AI的发展进行管理，特别是在版权方面。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butitisnottoolatetoensurethatitisdevelopedaswellasusedinaproperway,andgenerativeAImustremainatooltosupportandenhancehuman-madecreativeworks,notacheapreplacementofthem.(但是，确保它以正确方式开发和使用还不算晚，生成式AI必须仍然是一个支持和增强人类创造性作品的工具，而不是它们的廉价替代品。)”可知，NicolaSolomon认为生成式AI应该被明智地开发和使用。故选C。DScientistssaythedryingGreatSaltLakeinUtahisnowbecomingasignificantcontributortoglobalgreenhousegasemissions(排放)thatarecausingtheclimatelowarm,accordingtoanewstudy.TheGreatSaltLakehasreducedinareabyalmosthalfinrecentyears.“Human-causeddesiccation(干涸)oftheGreatSaltLakeismakinghugeareasofthelakebedcomeintosightandgivingofflargequantitiesofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,”saidSorenBrothers,themuseum’sclimatechangecurator.Theresearchersfoundthatthedryinglakebedgaveoff4.1milliontonsofCO2andothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,whichwouldtranslatetoa7%increaseinUtah’shuman-causedemissions.Accordingtoscientists,4milliontonsofCO2isequaltothetotalannualemissionsof140passengerplanes.Scientistssaythestateisasdryasit’sbeenin1,200years.Thedroughthasbeenmadeworsebyclimatechange.Agriculturehasalsoplayedahugeroleinthelake’spresentsituation.Upstreamwaterdiversions(改道)forfarmsanddairieshaveresultedinlesslowsintothelake.Utah’srapidpopulationgrowthisalsoareason.Thelossofwaterhasseriousimpactsonthelivesofanimalsandpeople.ResearchersinUtahhavebeguntodiscoversharpreductionsinshorebirdpopulationsasaresultofbrineshrimpdyingout.Duststormsandairpollution,bornoutofadried-uplakebed,arealsoamajorconcernforUtahresidents.That’sworrisomeforthemajorityofUtah’s3.3millionpopulationwholivenearthelake.TheGreatSaltLake’slevelshaverebounded(回升)slightlyinrecentyearsduetothelasttwosnowywinters.UtahGov.SpencerCoxpromisedtopreventthelakefromdryinguponhiswatch.“Forgenerations,thelakewasseenaskindofthisdeadthingthatjusthappenstobethereandwillalwaysbethere,”CoxtoldNPRinApril.“Andnowthatpeoplearerealizingthere’sapossibilitythatitmightnotalwaysbehere,thathasremindedpeopleandattractedtheirattentioninapositiveway.”12.Whydoestheauthormentionpassengerplanes?A.Topresentthepromisingfutureoftravellingbyplane.B.TostressmuchCO2hasbeengivenoffbythedryinglake.C.Toshowtheyareamajorcontributortogreenhousegasemissions.D.TocomparetheamountsofCO2givenoffbydifferenthumanactivities.13.What’sthefunctionofthefourthparagraph?A.Toexplainreasons. B.Toprovideevidence.C.Toappealforimmediateaction. D.Tolistpossibleresults.14.WhatisapositivereminderaccordingtoSpencerCox?A.Thebeliefthatthelakewillalwaysbethere.B.Thepromisethatthelakewillbeunderprotection.C.Thefactthatthelakehasstoppedreducinginarea.D.Therealizationthatthelakeislikelytodisappear.15.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatMakestheGreatSaltLakeDryUp?B.HowDoestheGreatSaltLakeRecoverItsWater?C.TheDryingGreatSaltLakeCausesClimateChangeD.TheDryingGreatSaltLakeAffectsUtahPeople’sLives【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了犹他州的大盐湖因干旱而干涸，成为温室气体排放的重要来源，对环境和人类生活产生了严重影响。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatthedryinglakebedgaveoff4.1milliontonsof CO2andothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,whichwouldtranslatetoa7%increaseinUtah’shuman-causedemissions.Accordingtoscientists,4milliontonsof CO2isequaltothetotalannualemissionsof140passengerplanes.(研究人员发现，干涸的湖床向大气中释放了410万吨的二氧化碳和其他温室气体，这相当于增加了犹他州人为排放量的7%。据科学家称，400万吨的二氧化碳相当于140架客机的年排放总量)”可知，这里提到140架客机的年排放量是为了突出大盐湖干涸释放的二氧化碳量之大。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientistssaythestateisasdryasit’sbeenin1,200years.Thedroughthasbeenmadeworsebyclimatechange.Agriculturehasalsoplayedahugeroleinthelake’spresentsituation.Upstreamwaterdiversionsforfarmsanddairieshaveresultedinlesslowsintothelake.Utah’srapidpopulationgrowthisalsoareason.(科学家们表示，该州的干旱程度达到了1200年来最严重的水平。气候变化加剧了干旱。农业也在湖泊目前的状况中发挥了重要作用。上游为农场和奶牛场改道的水资源导致流入湖泊的水量减少。犹他州的人口快速增长也是一个原因)”可知，本段详细解释了大盐湖水位下降的原因，包括气候变化、农业用水改道、人口增长等。因此，这一段的主要功能是解释原因。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“SpencerCoxpromisedtopreventthelakefromdryinguponhiswatch.“Forgenerations,thelakewasseenaskindofthisdeadthingthatjusthappenstobethereandwillalwaysbethere,”CoxtoldNPRinApril.“Andnowthatpeoplearerealizingthere’sapossibilitythatitmightnotalwaysbehere,thathasremindedpeopleandattractedtheirattentioninapositiveway.”(SpencerCox承诺在他的任期内防止湖泊干涸。“长期以来，湖泊被视为一种死物，只是碰巧在那里，而且会一直存在，”Cox在4月份接受NPR采访时说，“现在人们意识到它有可能不再存在，这提醒了人们并以积极的方式吸引了他们的注意”)”可知，现在人们意识到大盐湖有可能不再存在，这提醒了人们并以积极的方式吸引了他们的注意。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第一段“ScientistssaythedryingGreatSaltLakeinUtahisnowbecomingasignificantcontributortoglobalgreenhousegasemissionsthatarecausingtheclimatelowarm,accordingtoanewstudy.(科学家们根据一项新研究表示，犹他州正在干涸的大盐湖现在已成为导致气候变暖的全球温室气体排放的重要来源)”可知，本文主要讨论了大盐湖干涸对环境的影响，特别是其成为温室气体排放的重要来源，从而加剧了气候变化。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisself-discipline(自律)?It’swhatkeepsyoufromeatingtoomanychipswhenyou’reonadietorfrombuyingthingsyoudon’tneed.____16____,butitwilltakepracticeandwillrequireyoutobepatientandkindtoyourself.Herearesomewaysyoucouldstartdevelopingself-discipline:Figureoutyour“why”ViktorFrankl,aHolocaustsurvivorandpsychiatrist,oncesaid,“Thosewhohavea‘why’tolivecanbearwithalmostany‘how’.”Whenyoufindyour“why”,orthereasonwhyyouwanttodosomething,youcanremindyourselfofthesereasonswhenthingsgetdifficult.____17____.Beaware____18____:whattoeat,whentogotobed,orwhetheryoushouldsendthatseeminglyimpropertext.Wecanavoidtemptations(诱惑)orgiveintothem.Forexample,peopleoftensaythatyoushouldnotgogroceryshoppingonanemptystomach.Why?Becauseyouaremorelikelytobuyjunkfoods,snacksorotherhigh-caloriefoods.____19____Ifyoudon’tknowwhereyou’regoing,itmightbeeasiertogetdistracted(分心).Ifthissoundslikeyou,youcancreatealistofclearactionstepsthatyouintendtotakeonadailyorweeklybasisuntilyoureachyourgoal.Whetheryouwanttodevelopgoodhabitsorremovebadhabits,creatingaclearroadmapwillhelpyouachievesuccess.StartsmallAsanoldsayinggoes:“Thejourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithonesinglestep.”Nowthatyouhaveaplan,takeastep.Rememberit’sunrealistictoexpectresultsovernight.____20____,asthiscanleadyoutofeelextremelystressedandmightevencauseyoutoquityourplan.A.DevelopaplanB.AimhighandthinkbigC.Don’ttrytodoeverythinginoneweekD.EverydayyoumakedecisionsabouthowyouliveE.Self-disciplineisaskillandanyonecanimproveitF.Thishelpsyoukeepself-disciplinedevenindifficultsituationsG.Youneedtouseyourwillpowertoresisttemptationsthatsurroundyou【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.A20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何培养自律。【16题详解】根据上文“Whatisself-discipline(自律)?It’swhatkeepsyoufromeatingtoomanychipswhenyou’reonadietorfrombuyingthingsyoudon’tneed.(自律是什么？自律就是在你节食时阻止自己吃过多的薯片，或是在你不需要的时候阻止自己去购买东西。)”和下文“butitwilltakepracticeandwillrequireyoutobepatientandkindtoyourself(但它需要实践，并需要你对自己有耐心和善意。)”可知，空处需要连接前后文，并指出自律的性质或特点。选项E“自律是一种技能，任何人都可以提高它”符合语境，既承接了前文对自律的定义，又为后文提到的实践和提高提供了铺垫。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Whenyoufindyour“why”,orthereasonwhyyouwanttodosomething,youcanremindyourselfofthesereasonswhenthingsgetdifficult.(当你找到了自己的“为什么”，也就是你为何想要做某事的理由时，在遇到困难时，你就可以用这些理由来提醒自己。)”可知，上文提到找到“为什么”要做某事的理由，在困难时可以提醒自己。空处需要进一步解释这一观点，说明找到“为什么”的重要性。选项F“这有助于你在困难情况下也保持自律”符合语境，它强调了找到“为什么”对于保持自律的重要性。故选F。【18题详解】根据下文“whattoeat,whentogotobed,orwhetheryoushouldsendthatseeminglyimpropertext.(吃什么，什么时候睡觉，或者是否应该发送那条看似不太合适的短信。)”可知，列举了日常生活中需要做出的决定，如吃什么、什么时候睡觉等。空处需要引出这些决定，并指出它们的重要性。选项D“你每天都要决定如何生活”符合语境，它概括了后文列举的决定，并强调了每天做决定的重要性。故选D。【19题详解】根据下文“Ifyoudon’tknowwhereyou’regoing,itmightbeeasiertogetdistracted(分心).Ifthissoundslikeyou,youcancreatealistofclearactionstepsthatyouintendtotakeonadailyorweeklybasisuntilyoureachyourgoal.(如果你不知道自己要去哪里，那么你就更容易分心。如果这听起来像你，那么你可以制定一份明确的行动计划，列出你打算每天或每周采取的行动步骤，直到你达到目标。)”可知，下文提到“如果你不知道自己要去哪里，就更容易分心”，并建议制定一个清晰的行动计划。空处需要引出制定计划的重要性。选项A“制定一个计划”符合语境，它直接对应了后文的内容，并强调了制定计划的重要性。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Rememberit’sunrealistictoexpectresultsovernight.(记住，期望一夜之间就看到成果是不现实的。)”可知，空处需要进一步强调不要急于求成。选项C“不要试图在一周内完成所有事情”符合语境，它进一步强调了耐心和逐步推进的重要性，避免因为急于求成而感到极度压力甚至放弃计划。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。CesareMencarinigraduatedfromhighschoolinEnglandwithexcellentgrades.Buthewasmoreexcitedabouthis____21____—buildingaworkingnuclearfusionreactor(核聚变反应堆).CesaregrewupinItaly,buthisfamilymovedtoCardiff,Englandtwoyearsagobecausehisfather____22____anewjobthere.Asachild,Cesare____23____aninterestinelectronics.AtCardiff,afterseeingavideoaboutsomeonebuildingafusionreactor,Cesarewas____24____tobuildone,too.Buttheschool____25____hisideaatfirst.Cesaredidn’tgiveup.____26____,hetriedhisbesttopersuadehisteachers.____27____,afteracompletesafetyreview,andwithanextraadvisorofferingtohelpout,theschoolgavein.Cesare’sregularclassesweren’tgivinghimenough____28____tobuildafusionreactor.Sohespentcountlesshoursdoingresearch,____29____informationontheInterment,andwatchingvideos.“We’relivinginanagewhenalmosteverythingis______30______online,”hesays.Whenhefacedaproblem,hewouldread,watch10or15videos,andthentryto______31______it.Healsojoinedawebsiteinordertoreceive______32______fromscientistswithmoreexperience.AsaresultofCesare’scontinuouseffort,attheveryendoftheschoolyearlastJune,thereactorwas______33______.Cesarewasoneoftheyoungeststudentstohavecreatedsuchanadvancedfusionreactor.Forhim,itwasn’t______34______aboutthereactor.Itwasalsoaboutlearningbydoing,andabout______35______withotherpeopledoingsimilarthings.21.A.solution B.agreement C.achievement D.task22.A.created B.landed C.required D.refused23.A.developed B.quit C.adjusted D.shared24.A.invited B.allowed C.taught D.inspired25.A.ignored B.checked C.challenged D.improved26.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Still D.Otherwise27.A.Byallmeans B.Onpurpose C.Afterall D.Intheend28.A.attention B.knowledge C.time D.freedom29.A.spreading B.collecting C.forecasting D.correcting30.A.suitable B.safe C.available D.impressive31.A.consider B.identify C.record D.fix32.A.payment B.protection C.praise D.advice33.A.replaced B.discovered C.completed D.distinguished34.A.actually B.hardly C.simply D.usually35.A.arguing B.connecting C.competing D.living【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.A26.A27.D28.B29.B30.C31.D32.D33.C34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述Cesare建造核聚变反应堆的经历，展现他对自己兴趣爱好的执着追求以及在面对困难时坚持不懈、积极寻求解决办法的精神品质。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他对自己的成就更兴奋——建造了一个正在运作的核聚变反应堆。A.solution解决方案；B.agreement协议；C.achievement成就；D.task任务。根据下文“buildingaworkingnuclearfusionreactor”可知，建造了一个正在运作的核聚变反应堆是他的成就，故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cesare在意大利长大，但两年前他的家人搬到了英国的卡迪夫，因为他的父亲在那里找到了一份新工作。A.created创建；B.landed获得；C.required需要；D.refused