【语法填空】高考英语专题复习：语法填空讲义

【语法填空】高考英语专题复习：语法填空讲义能力要求：1．阅读/理解语篇的能力2．分析句子结构的能力3．熟练运用语法的能力4．单词拼写能力解题步骤：1.通读全文，了解大意既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前就应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意。2.分析语境，试填空格读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特定语境及解题思路去填空。3.对照考点，解决难题在解题过程中要先易后难。在做好有把握的题后，对照各考点及题数，仔细推敲，解决难题。出题方式词性考查考点分布备考之道设关键词形容词/副词比较级准确判断出考点，并且熟练掌握不同形容词和副词的比较级变形风格最高级动词时态了解各种时态的标志词以及特征语态判断句子主被动，掌握主动表被动的句型运用不定式掌握加todo以及加doing的固定句型，准确判断动词在充当非谓语功能时的时态和语态动名词分词不设关键词冠词定冠词，不定冠词准确判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法代词人称物主代词注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应不定代词反身单词情态动词动词的意义注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度连接词定语从句熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法名词性从句状语从句强调句连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系4.通读全文，确保无误。注意：在掌握以上考点的同时也不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查，如：not…until…；notonly…but(also)…；so…that…；not…but…；as…as…；either…or…；

more…than…；neither…nor…；

such…that…；

hardly…when…；nosooner…than…等。具体考查形式及考点分布见以下表格：知识点2：两三空填词梳理1.两空常填连词表原因：nowthat;表让步：evenif,eventhough表方式：asif,asthough,justas表结果/目的：sothat,incase定语从句中：介词

+which表条件：whatif表除了：exceptwhen/that2.三空常填连词表目的：inorderthat表时间：assoonas表条件：as/solongas,onconditionthat3.两空常填介词表原因：becauseof/dueto/owingto/表让步：regardlessof表递进：apartfrom表相反：insteadof/ratherthan表除了：exceptfor/otherthan4.三空常填介词表让步：inspiteof表递进：inadditionto三年春考语法填空考点分析：谓语非谓语形容词副词情态动词代词介词冠词连词23111214113231131.Afterjustafewmonthsoftraining,Xiaandhisfellowclimbersstartedclimbingthe8,848-metremountaininJanuary1975.However,Xiasufferedsuchsevere

frostbite

(冻伤)afterlendingateammatehissleepingbag(22)_________helaterlostbothofhisfeet.

2020松江一模

2.You’dneverthinkofrabbitsasdreadful,destructivecreatures,wouldyou?Rabbitsarecuteandloveable.However,Australiansdiscovered(21)________harmthesecutecreaturescandothehardway.

2020杨浦一模

3.Theycompetedforfoodandshelterwithnativeanimals.Theycausedtheextinctionorendangermentofnumerousplantandanimalspecies.Andtheywereanightmareforcattleandsheepfarmers,(26)_________animalscouldn'tgetenoughgrasstoeatandstarved.

2020杨浦一模

4.Thevirushadbeendevelopedverycarefullytoaffectonlyrabbits.Nearly100percentoftherabbitswhocaughtthedisease(30)________(die).

2020杨浦一模

5.

The

proposal,debatedatthisyear’sCITESConference,listsmakosharksunderAppendixII,meaningthattheycan’tbetraded

(22)______

itcanbeshownthatfishingwouldn’tthreatentheirchancesforsurvival.Conservationistssaythiswastheworld’slastchancetopreventmakosharkpopulationsfromcollapsing.

2020青浦一模

6.Nonetheless,conservationistsfearedthatoppositionfromafewcountrieswithfairlylargemakofishingindustries—primarilytheUnitedStates,Canada,andJapan—(24)______

tipthescale.

2020青浦一模

7.Foryearsnow,I’vebeenwantingtosellourhome,theplacewheremyhusbandandIraisedourkids.Butto

me,thishouseismorethanjustabuilding.Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines.

Everygrowthstage(21)__________(mark)inpencils,witheachchild’snameandthedate.

2020嘉定一模

8.Ourkidsgrowinsomanyways,butthewallisphysicalevidenceoftheirprogress.FriendsIknowhavevisitedtheirprevioushomeonly(23)__________(discover)theirwallofheightshasbeenfreshlypaintedover.

2020嘉定一模

9.Some(24)__________arguethatthe

aisle

(走廊)seatissuperiorforthelegspaceandtheabilitytogetoffswiftlyandeyethesnackcart.

黄浦10.Itwasataskshewaswell-preparedtoundertake,(27)_____venturecapitalistsdidn’ttakeherworkseriously.

2020崇明一模

【答案】1.that

2.what

3.whose

4.

died

5.

unless6.could/would

7.ismarked

8.

todiscover

9.may/do

10.but

易错点一、谓语/非谓语【知识梳理】一．判断是做谓语还是非谓语：按照“一句一个主谓结构”的原则。句子，非谓语。句子，连词+句子。要看是否有连词连接。二．谓语要考虑时态和语态掌握每一种时态的时间标志词注意并列成分看句意确定主动还是被动三．非谓语要考虑用todo,doing还是donetodo:动作未发生或表目的doing:主动或正在进行done:

被动或完成【例题精讲】1.Thepenguinslippeddowntheslideonhisstomach,bottomfirst,shesaid.Heresurfacedabout6feetfromtheboat,(24)________(take)alookupatthepeopleaboard,andthendisappearedbeneaththesurface.

2019青浦一模【答案】

took【解析】从andthen可用看出来，这里是三个过去的动作（resurfaced,took,disappeared）并列，都是做谓语。2.YetLee,despitehisdisadvantagesofbothnumbersandposition,didnotretreat.Instead,hemovedhistroopsintopositiontoattack.UnionsoldierswhotriedtowarnHookerthatLeewasontheoffensive(29)_______(dismiss)ascowards.

2019徐汇一模【答案】

weredismissed

【解析】whotriedtowarnHookerthatLeewasontheoffensive是定语从句，先行词是Unionsoldiers,所以这个句子缺谓语，所以dismiss做谓语，根据句意，用一般过去时的被动。3.

Itcantaketime—andsometimesitdoesnotwork—fornewplantvarieties(29)_____(breed)forcommercialuse.

2019杨浦一模【答案】

tobebred

【解析】根据句意，for在这里作介词使用，意思是对于，所以后面是短语，breed作非谓语。前面说新的植物种类，所以是还未被培育的。不定式表动作未发生。【巩固练习】1.

Ithasalwaysbeenapopularchoice.Itusessimplelanguageandsentences.Itiseasytoreadandprovidesclearexamplesofliterarytechniqueslikeforeshadowing(预示).Butitisalsointeresting,andthecharactersare(29)______(engage).Theplotisfulloftension.

2019宝山一模2.Though

thisisonlyStein’sfirstbook,IwouldalreadyconsiderhimassomeonelikeDavidSedaris,DaveBarry,JamesThurber,MarkTwainandAbrahamLincoln.I(29)________(recommend)ManMadenotjusttoallmyfriendsandfamilybutalsotostrangersonTwitteroverandoveragain.

2019普陀一模

3.Overtheyearsreadinghasbeenmy

companion.Alwayswithabook

inmypurse,Ihaveneverfacedtheworldwithoutabestfriendbymyside.Books(30)__________(help)methroughdifficultperiodsand

applauded

meintimesofcelebration.Booksalwaysmakemesmile.That’sthebiggestreasonIbelieveinreading,becauseitwillmakeyouhappy.

2018宝山一模Nationally,Norwayhasexperiencedan11%increaseintourisminthepastdecade.Fromjust1,000touristsinthewholeof2010,Trolltunga,apieceofrockthatstands

horizontally

outofthemountain,

(24)__________

(see)1,800visitorsinone2017dayalone.

2018黄浦一模5.Whenhelookedinthatdirection,henoticedabrightredboatturningin

aspinningcircle

inthestormywateratthebaseoftheGenevaDam,300feetaway.Kevin

assumed

thepersonontheboat(22)__________(jump)outofit.“ThenIheardawarningsignalwithaloudsound,”saysKevin,now42.“That’s

when

Irealizedsomebodywasintrouble.”

2018青浦一模【答案】

29.engaging

2.haverecommended

3.

hashelped

4.

saw

5.

hadjumped易错点、介词

【知识梳理】掌握表示时间、地点、方式、所属关系的介词用法和常用的介词短语；了解分词介词的使用，如concerning,regarding,considering,including,given等。当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意固定搭配常为介词考查主要内容依据，同时要结合上下文语义理解。两空常填介词表原因：becauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/outof表让步：regardlessof表相反：insteadof表除了：exceptfor/otherthan/apartfrom三空常填介词表让步：inspiteof表并列：inadditionto【例题精讲】1.Inthepast,theU.S.andothershavesupportedlistingothersharkspeciesunderCITES,butnotsointhiscase,

(26)______

commercialinterests.

2020青浦一模

【答案】

with/for

【解析】用with表示有；for表示为了，都可以。2.Whenoverafootoffreshsnowfalls,expertsknowtobeonthelookoutforavalanches.Explosivescanbeusedinplaces(26)____________massivesnowbuildupstotriggermuchsmalleravalanchesthatdon’tposeadangertopersonsorproperty.

2020静安一模【答案】with【解析】根据句意，炸药能够被用在有大量的雪形成的地方，有------用with.

3.Whetherornotyoutrytolimityourself(24)______onecupofcoffeeaday,theeffectsofclimatechangeontheworld'scoffee-growingregionsmayleaveyoulittlechoice.

2019浦东新区一模【答案】to【解析】把---限制在-----，用limit-----to------,这是固定搭配。

【巩固练习】1.Officialsthereconsiderthedangeroususeofe-bikesonstreetsandsidewalksasthereason(23)_____theban.

2019崇明一模2.（29）________theworldwatching,authoritiesfinallytookaction,movingthepenguintotheWellingtonZoofourdaysafterhewasdiscovered.

2019青浦一模3.Varietyis,asweallknow,thespiceoflife.Butit’salsoausefulweapon(26)__________adaptation.2019金山一模4.Supportedbyhissuperiornumbers,Hookersecretlymoved70,000ofhismenfifteenmilesupandacrosstheriver,andthenorderedthemtosneakbackdowntopositionthemselves(27)_______Lee’sarmy.

2019徐汇一模5.Soitis(27)______thebooksrecommended.

Namedby

those“idols”inourmind,theywilldefinitelywinourheart.

2019虹口一模

【答案】

1.for

2.With

3.against

4.behind

5.with易错点、连词【知识梳理】连词分为并列连词和从属连词从属连词考察三大从句（定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）的关系词掌握强调结构的使用规则；理解完全倒装和部分倒装的构成规则；知晓省略、插入语的使用定语从句关系词的选择方法：先判断从句是否缺主语或宾语。缺主语的话，先行词指人，用that,who(m);先行词指物，用that,which.从句不缺主语或宾语，先行词指时间，用when;先行词指地点，用where；先行词指原因，用why.另外注意as和whose的语法。名词性关系词的选择方法：从句缺主语或宾语，指物用what,指人用who(m)。从句意思很完整，什么都不缺，用that.根据意思，缺什么就用什么。比如why,when,where,when,whether,which,how等。状语从句分为9种，主要是根据逻辑关系来判断连词。【例题精讲】1.Theycouldprove___30___anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustbotheryou?

2019黄浦一模【答案】that

【解析】prove后接的是宾语从句，从句不缺任何成分,意思很完整，所以填that.2.MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompany

isupto,theystillhavenoidea

(23)

they’repayingforFacebook,becausepeopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldetailsareworth.

2019嘉定一模【答案】what

【解析】Idea后接的是同位语从句，先行词是idea,同位语从句缺pay的宾语，所以用what.3.

Ithasbeen44years(26)________anemperorpenguinwaslastspottedinthewildinNewZealand.

2019青浦一模【答案】since【解析】这里是since引导的时间状语从句，Itis/hasbeen+时间段since+一般过去时的句子。意思是自从-----到现在，已经有多长时间了。【巩固练习】1.Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith(29)_______whofeltmorerelaxed.

2019奉贤一模2.Whenwechoosetoleaveanewjobearly,itsendsthemessagethat(22)_it/something_isterriblywrong,especiallyinthecurrenteconomicclimate(23)________unemploymentishigherandpeoplearedyingforjobs.

2019静安一模3.

Lee,anoldermaninpoorhealthwithagraybeard,hadasolemn,measuredcharacter.Hookerwasablond,broad-shoulderedyoungman(22)_______prideoverhisappearancewasbutoneaspectofhisself-centeredness.

2019徐汇一模4.Teachersgetreal-timeupdatesonstudents’progressaswellassuggestionson(28)______subjectstheyneedtospendmoretimeperfecting.

2020虹口一模

【答案】1.those

2.where

3.

whose

4.what/the易错点、代词【知识梳理】代词会考察人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和指示代词；注意it在句中作形式主语和形式宾语。代词判断方法：首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other,one,none,nothing等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰；如果空格前是动词,就应考虑用人称代词和反身代词。【例题精讲】1.TheonlypartsIdidn’tfullyenjoywere(26)________inwhichtheauthorsufferedhorribly.Afterjustthreehoursoftrainingcamp,hefaintedweaklyintothearmsofasoldier.

2019普陀一模【答案】those【解析】were后面是表语，inwhich后面是句子。所以in前面缺名词或代词作先行词。此题是语法填空题，所以选代词。根据句意填those那些。2.What

wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesallthetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor(23)_____ofthecaffeinehasbeenfound.

2019杨浦一模【答案】

none【解析】根据句意，令人惬意的是：茶树提供各种味道和好处，但是几乎没有或没有咖啡因被发现。此空需要填一个代词和little并列，在根据意思填none.3.Theartistexplainedthathedoesnotwantpeopletofocuscompletelyonthetechniquesinvolvedinhispieces.“Iwantthemtothinkabouttheworkand(27)__________I’mactuallydrawing,”hesaid,“Iprefertostudytheinternalaspectofthesubjectratherthanfocus

solely

ontheexternalpart.”

2018金山一模【答案】what(ever)/all/everything/something【解析】根据句意，此空一个填代词和work这个名词并列，根据句意，what(ever)/all/everything/something都是可用的。【巩固练习】1.Fast-forwardaboutayear.Iwalkedintotheclinic’s(27)_crowded__(crowd)waitingroomandcalledthenameofthenextclient.Suddenly,ahugeDobermanrantowardme.Ifound(28)______pinnedagainstthewallwiththismagnificentdogstandingonhisbacklegs,hisfront

paws

(爪子)onmyshoulders,washingmyfacewithplentifulandjoyfulkisses!

2020长宁/金山一模

2.Facebookisa

handy

site,but

I’mupsetby

theideathat

(30)

informationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon’ttrust.Thatistoohighapricetopay.

2019嘉定一模3.Careerexpertssaysuchhabitualcomplainersarehighly

contagious(会蔓延的),whoseattitudecaneasilyaffectanentireteaminacompany.“Whilesomecomplaintsmightbereasonable,(23)_________

aretakenfromthinair.Youneedtoseebetweenthesedifferenttypesandadopttherightstrategytowardseach,”saidLiMing,HRmanageratWal-Mart(China).

2018虹口一模

4.（宝山）Readingcanbringpeopletogether.Icannotcountthenumberofnewfriendsandpeoplethathaveenteredmylifebecauseofbooks.Mystepmother,grandmother,andIallreadthesamebooks.(27)__________isbetterthanbeingabletosharethetensemoments,nearmisses,andhappyendingswhiledrinking

asteamingcupof

coffeetogetherwithsomeone.

2018宝山一模5.AsDysonput(27)______:“Youcan’tdevelopnewtechnology

unlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong.Failureisessentialtoinvention.”

2019闵行一模【答案】

1.myself

2.my

3.others

4.

Nothing

5.it

知识点五、情态动词一、常考情态动词及用法can,could

表示能力、可能、委婉语气may,might

表示必须，表示推测should,oughtto

表示应该、劝告（should有表示竟然的意思）will,would

将来时的助动词、表意愿must

表示规定、较为肯定的推测二、答题策略如果空格后为动词原形，就应该考虑此空填情态动词根据注意上下文语境，确定填写合适的情态动词注意情态动词也有时态，如can的过去式could,may的过去式might三、例题讲解例题1:---Mye-dictionaryisnowheretobefound.Who

havetakenit?---Idon’tknow.Butkeeplookingandyouwillfindit.【答案】could【解析】此处考察情态动词表猜测的用法，因为此动作发生在过去，故用could。易错点：表示理论上的可能性（即从理论上分析是可能的，但实际未必会发生），可用can（表现在）或could（表过去）。例题2:AlthoughLee’sfatherknewLee______receiveeducation,hisfatherwasn’tabletoaffordtosendhimtoschool.【答案】must【解析】根据原文语境，作为一个适龄儿童，按照国家法律规定，必须接受教育，因此考虑情态动词must。例题3:Atthesametime,meltingseaicealsoreleasemoreoceanwater,whichresultinincreasedwatervaporintheatmospherethat

betransferredintosnow.【答案】can【解析】语段时态为一般现在时，此空出现在定语从句that_______betransferredintosnow中，that为从句主语，可很快判断出此空填情态动词，根据语境可知该空考察can的用法—对客观存在情况的描述。四、专题过关：1.Accordingtothenewregulations,one______passnightdrivingtestforthelicense.2.Inordertoavoidfiresorexplosions,people________notusemobilephonesatgasstations.3.–Who_____bephoningusatthistimeofnight?–Itmightbeyoursister.

4.--Mye-dictionaryisnowheretobefound.Whohavetakenit?--Idon’tknow.Butkeeplookingandyouwillfindit.5.Theyhavepromisedthemoneycollectedbehandedtothecharityhouse.6.Babiesgivenmoreloveandaffectionbytheirmothers_______dealbetterwithstressandanxietywhentheygrowup.7.—

Sunnyhadtogiveaspeechinfrontof500peopleyesterday.—Whew!That’sabigaudience.She______havebeennervousatthebeginning

8.

Often,whenhe________havebeendoing

somethinguseful,hewastedhistimeplayingcomputer

games.9.

-

Willyoustayforthedinner?-Sorry,I_______not.ThecookersIboughtonlinewillbesenttomyhousethisafternoon.10.

Actuallyyou_____nothavebroughtthedictionaryhere.Youarenotallowedtouseit.

Keys:must,must,can,could,shall,might,must,should,can,needl真题演练2017春考真题“Zootopia”BrokeDisneyRecordsLastweekend,thelatestDisneymovie,“Zootopia”,brokerecords.ThemoviehadthelargestopeningweekendforaDisney

animation(动画片).PeopleacrosstheUnitedStatesboughtmorethan$75millionworthoftickets.“Zootopia”isacityofanimals.Themoviestarsarabbitpoliceofficerandafoxcriminal(21)__________teamuptofindamissing

otter(水濑).Heisamongseveralanimalsthathavesuddenlydisappearedfromthecity.“Zootopia”(22)__________(praise)foritssharphumorandstrongmessagesinceitsrelease.Thefilmexploresracismandotherissuesinitsdescriptionofrelations(23)__________twokindsofanimalsinthecity.JaredBushandPhilJohnstonwrote“Zootopia”.Theytoldreporteresthatitstartedoutasaspymovie(24)__________(set)inseveraldifferentcontexts.Buttheychangedthestory(25)__________theyfoundtheanimalworldespeciallyinteresting.Theysaidto(26)__________somethinglikethis.“What’sthisworldlike?What’sthehistoryofthisworld?”Andthen,Bushsaid,theywenttotheexperts.Notonly(27)__________thewritersspeakwithpeoplewhostudycouture(时装)andgroupbehaviour,butalsotheytalkedwithanimalexpertslikezookeepers.Thecreatorshavenotedthatthevarietyofanimalswasnoteasy(28)__________(produce)indrawings.Inthemovie,64speciesliveinmultipleneighborhoods(29)__________(represent)differentanimals’livingenvironments.Disneysays“Zootopia”isits(30)__________(complex)animationyet.Theextraeffortiscertainlypayingoffattheboxoffice.【答案】21.who

22.hasbeenpraised

23.between

24.set

25.because

26.themselves

27.did28.toproduce29.representing

30.mostcomplex2018春考真题MyKid-FreeLifeIhadexpectedtohavemorefreetimeaftermysons,EvanandAlex,eachleftforcollege,andIdo.Thekitchencalendarlooksspare.Rarely(21)__________Ineedtopreparefamilydinnereveryday.Thereisalot(22)__________(little)laundry.Whentheboyswereinfants,IwonderedhowI(23)__________(spend)allthehoursbeforetheywereborn.(24)____________________Ihavethosehoursback,Icanfocusonmyownneeds.Ihadalsoexpectedtoworryaboutthemwhentheywereaway.AndIdo.Didtheygettheirflushots(流感疫苗注射)?Willtheyrememberthetalksabout“goodchoices”?Ontheotherhand,theworryismixedwithrelief.Ihaveseen(25)__________vigorouslytheygrowwithoutme.DoImissedthem?Yes.BothmoreandlessthanI’dguessed.DoIfeelunitedforhavinglostmyprimaryroleinlife?No,becauseovertheyear,Itookgreatpride(26)__________thefactthatmyidentitywasnotdependentontheirs.But,surprisingly,yes.(27)__________(be)adifferentkindofmotherdefinesmenow.Themissingcomesatunexpectedmoments:seeingtheschoolbusdriveby,startingtoputtoomanyplatesonthetable...Whentheyhavedoubtsaboutfriendshipsorjobprospects,Icanonlysay,“I’msureyouwillfigureitout.”Andyet,thespaces(28)__________(empty)bylossaremorethanfilledbywhatI’vefound.Inowhavethechance(29)__________(see)themasthewholeworlddoesbutalsolikenooneelseeverwill.AsadultsIhappenedtohelpcreate.Therooms(30)__________theboysusedtolivelookvacant.Ifeelsadnessbutalsojoy.Iknewtheywouldleave,buttheywillfindtheirwayback.Myhomeisempty.Butoverflowing.【答案】21.do

22.less

23.had